
Class. 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 



A./ll'^ V/IX'' 'H^ '11'^ ''111 '/|\ 'll\^ ^/IIX ^/)l>^ '/IV^ '/M^ ''"' CX' 



\ 
\ 




ll ' 



\\ 







WCriOMABY 



opBlfPALO 
NIAGARA FALL 
TOHAWAMDA 
&VI(IM1TY 






^ d 



The Peter Paul Book Company - Buffalo. J; 

'x ^^ •'/ s^'V \'^/ O''/ v"- >''' n'^/ ^'^ \'^ ^^'/ N^'^ ^^'^Cv]; 



Priirtiitfl * 
Department 




HIGH GRADE COMMERa ALAND PROFESSIONAL 
STATIONERY ^ BUSINESS CARDS \^ UNIQUE 
ADVERTISING DRCULARS ^ PROGRAMS ^ 
MENU CARDS ^ BOOKLETS AND BROCHURES 
\^ ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES ^ STOCK CER- 
TIFICATES ^ AND ANYTHING AND EVERY- 
THING THAT IS TO BE PRINTED ^ Ji ^ \^ 



vmmm 

Department 




WE PUBLISH HISTORICAL WORKS ^ HCTION ^ 
POETRY ^ BOOKS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY 
^ DOMESTIC ECONOMY^ MUSICAL HISTORY^ 
BIBLIOGRAPHIES l^ EDUCATIONAL WORKS ^ 
^ ^ OUR SERVICE INCLUDES INSPECTION OF 
MSS, ^ A GENERAL SUPERVISION THROUGH 
THE PRESS ^ ADVERTISING ^ SALES ^ ^ \^ 



Department 




COPPER PLATE AND DIE ENGRAVING ^ ARMS 
^ CRESTS ^ MONOGRAMS ^ ADDRESSES ^ 
WEDDING INVITATIONS AND VISITING CARDS 
^ ^ ^ SKETCHES FROM ORIGINAL DESIGNS 
FURNISHED Jt THE LATEST SOCIAL FORMS 
AND STYLES ^ SAMPLES AND ESTIMATES 
GIVEN ^ OUR IMPRINT IS A GUARANTEE ^' 



Bindery « 
Department 




BOOK BINDING OF EVERY DESCRIPTION ^ 
SPEQAL OFFERS MADE TO SCHOOLS AND 
LIBRARIES IN QUANTITIES ^ MAGAZINE BIND- 
ING ^ MISSING NUMBERS FOUND Ji WE MANU- 
FACTURE ALL KINDS OF BLANK BOOKS FROM 
THE LARGEST LEDGER TO THE SMALLEST 

Jr A.OO x5C/v-/K. f^ t^ t^ «^ t^ (^ !^ ^^ t<?* t^ 



420 main Street * Buffalo * new VorR 



Superb 
Dining Car 
Service 



COACHES 
LIGHTED BY 
GAS AND IN 
CHARGE OF 
COLORED 
PORTERS. 




Through Buffet Sleeping Cars between Boston and 
Chicago, via Fitchburg, West Shore and Nickel Plate 
Roads. ....... 

Solid Through Trains between New York and 
Chicago, via West Shore and Nickel Plate Roads. 



F. J. MOORE, General Agent, 
23 Exchange Street, Buffalo. N. Y. 



A. W. JOHNSTON, B. F. HORNER, 

General Superintendent, General Passenger Agent, 

Cleveland, Ohio. 



.. PAULS^ .. 
DICTIONARY OF BUFFALO 

NIAGARA FALLS, TONAWANDA 
AND VICINITY 



WITH MAP AND ILLUSTRATIONS 

A descriptive Index and Guide to the various 

Institutions, Public Buildings, Societies, 

Amusements, Resorts, etc., in and 

about the City of Buffalo 







X 



BUFFALO 

THE PETER PAUL BOOK COMPANY 

420 MAIN STREET 




Cofyricht, t^,by T/k Mattht^sNorthntp Co., ComfUtt 



Copyright^ 1896^ by 
The Peter Paul Book Company 



PRINTED AND BOUND BY 

THE PETER PAUL BOOK COMPANY, 

BUFFALO, N. V. 



/ fi^n 



y,f^ 



PREFACE 

This book is arrangfcd on the dictionary pla% con- 
sequently no index nor table of contents is gfiven. 

In order to make this book a complete §:itide to the 
City of Buffalo and vicinity^ it has been necessary to 
mention many business names, but this has always 
been done in order to give needed information, and not 
to serve in any way as an advertisement - for the firms 
thus mentioned* Where advertisements appear openly 
as such, the publishers of this Guide Book recommend 
the firms thus advertising;, but nothing descriptive or 
otherwise has been influenced by such patronage — 
neither can a secret or disguised advertisement be found 
in this book* The publishers wish it distinctly under- 
stood that the sole object of this volume is to serve as 
a Guide to Buffalo, Niagara Falls, Tonawanda, and 
vicinity, with map and illustrations, and a descriptive 
index to the various institutions, public buildings, 
societies, amusements, resorts, etc*, in and about the 
City of Buffalo* 



2,000 M1LE5 

THROUGH 
UNSALTED SEAS! 

The most luxurious and delightful 
trip on the American Continent^ 
and the only one of its kind possible 
in the world between «<?* 

Buffalo^ulutl) 

By the magnificent steel-construct- 
ed, modem and superbly-appointed 
tw^in-scs^^^ steamships of the ^ 

Northern 

Steamship 

Company.. 



■ ly^iWjWiHijiM^ij^' ' v t ^n/m^i" mvm »| ■ "mMWl l , ^ jp^syww| ■ ^^^^ ! » y ^lpa;^7• ' '"- 




NORTH WEST AND 
NORTH LAND 



Leaving Buffalo every Tuesday and Friday, 9.30 P. M, 
Dock foot of Main Street. 



5,000 Tons .. 7,000 Horse-power .. 386 Feet in Length .. Accommodate 500 
Passengers .. Carry no Freight .. These ships are not surpassed in any par- 
ticular, either in construction, equipment, or furnishing, by any in the world. 

In connection with THF QREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY 

TICKET OFFICES, 223 MAIN STREET AND DOCK. 



This line forms the dustless l 
and most delightful route I^ 



A. A, HEARD, 



across the continent. 
Send 2c, Stamp for Itinerary. 



^ 



General Passenger Agent. 

BUFFALO, N. Y. 



PAULS' 
DICTIONARY OF BUFFALO, 

NIAGARA FALLS, TONAWANDA 
AND VICINITY. 



Abandoned or l/ost Property 

when found by the Buffalo police, is 
turned over to Police Headquarters, 
corner Franklin and West Seneca 
Streets. Such propertj^ is held to 
await the appearance of an owner for 
a certain length of time. Articles left 
on the street cars or ferry boats, may 
be received by applying at the respect- 
ive offices of these companies. 

Abbott Road — An important street 
running from 585 Elk Street, south- 
east to city line. Cazenovia Park is 
reached by this avenue. 

Acacia Club. — Organized May i, 
1880, is an important Masonic Club 
for the promotion of social intercourse 
among its members. The club rooms 
are located at 43 Niagara Street and 
occupy the entire third floor of the 
Masonic Temple. Any Master Mason 
in good standing, residing in the City 
of Buffalo, is eligible to resident mem- 
bership, the membership being limited 
to six hundred. The admission fee 
for resident membership is $5.00 which 
must accompany the application. The 
annual dues are $10.00, payable quar- 
terly in advance. The regular meet- 
ings of the club are held in the club 
rooms on the last Saturday of January, 
July and October in each year. The 



annual meeting of the club is held on 
the last Saturday of April. No intoxi- 
cating liquors of any kind are kept or 
used in the rooms of this club, neither 
does it permit games to be played for 
money, or any article of value. The 
club-rooms are open daily except Sun- 
day, from 8 a. m. to II p. m. There 
is also a non-resident membership of 
about one hundred. 

Academy of Fine Arts.— The 

Buffalo Fine Arts Academy was organ- 
ized November 11, 1862, at a meeting 
held in the office of Henry VV. Rogers. 
It was incorporated December 4, 1862, 
and the gallery opened to the public 
with inaugural ceremonies December 
23, 1862. The first president was 
Henry W. Rogers, who held office 
until 1865. The Academy had its first 
gallery in the Arcade Building, now 
the site of the Mooney & Brisbane 
Building ; it was afterwards located in 
theYoung Men's Association Building, 
nowthesiteof Hotel Iroquois,and in the 
Austin Building on Franklin Street. 
It is now located in the Buffalo Library 
Building on Lafayette Square. It has 
a large collection of paintings, of which 
a considerable number are of import- 
ance. It possesses the finest collection 
of Seymour Haden's etchings in exist- 
ence, the gift of Dr. James, and one of 



ACA— AMB 



the best collections of line engravings 
in the country, presented by Willis O. 
Chapin. The Academy is about to 
add to its attractions an extensive col- 
lection of casts of statuary and sculp- 
ture. The Academy has held exhi- 
bitions nearly every year since its or- 
ganization, one of the most successful 
being that of February, 1896. The 
Art School connected with the Acad- 
emy is one of the largest and best in 
the country, under the management of 
a capable instructor. The funds 
established are : Jewett Picture Fund, 
|io,ooo, Tracy Picture Fund, $20,000, 
Fillmore Building Fund, about Is, 000, 
General Trust Fund, about $28,000. 
The Buffalo Society of Artists, an off- 
shoot of the Academy, has quarters in 
the Academy's rooms and devotes its 
attention chiefly to the exhibition of 
local work and to the maintenance of 
an art library. Open to visitors daily, 
9 to 5, admission 25 cents ; and Sun- 
days 2 to 5, free. 

Academy of Medicine, Buffalo. - 

This is an association of medical men 
practicing in Buffalo and its vicinity. 
Each of the four sections which it 
comprises : surgical, medical, patho- 
logical, obstetrical and gynaecological, 
meets monthly. The meetings are 
held in the Academy's rooms. Palace 
Arcade, Tuesdays at 8:30 p. m. 

Academy of Music. — This play- 
house, destroyed by fire on September 
Tst, 1895, was situated on the east side 
of Main Street, between Swan and 
Seneca Streets. It was originally 
erected in 1852, by Henry T. Meech, 
and was formerly called the Metropol- 
itan, but in 1870 the name was changed 
to Academy of Music. It was one of 
the most famous places of amusement 
in the country. In 1882 the entire es- 
tablishment was remodeled. The 
building was three stories high on Main 
Street, and four on Washington Street. 
It was 200 feet deep with a frontage of 



51 feet. The theatre will not be rebuilt 
upon the site. 

Agfassisj Club. (Branch of Buffalo 
Society of Natural Sciences) — meets 
second and fourth Thursday evenings 
in the Buffalo Library Building, corner 
Washington Street and Broadway. 

Alderm.en. — The Board of Alder- 
men, or the lower house, in conjunc- 
tion with the Board of Councilmen, 
exercise the entire legislative powers 
of the city. It consists of twenty-five 
members, one elected from each ward, 
the term of office being two years. 
The election takes place in November. 
The members elect their own presi- 
dent annually. The salary of each 
member is $r,ooo per year. They take 
office the first Monday in January suc- 
ceeding their election. They meet 
on Monday of each week at 2:30 
o'clock at their chambers in the City 
Hall, with the exception of their sum- 
mer adjournment. They have the 
power to pass, repeal and enforce city 
ordinances subject to the approval of 
the mayor, and to pass resolutions 
over his veto by a two-thirds vote. 
The Board of Aldermen and the Board 
of Councilmen constitute the Common 
Council of the city of Buffalo. 

Ambulance. — An ambulance ser- 
vice is connected with several of the 
hospitals, viz : Buffalo General Hos- 
pital, Fitch Hospital, Emergency Hos- 
pital and the Homeopathic Hospital. 
These ambulances are used in all cases 
of street accidents, also for private 
cases. An ambulance can be sum- 
moned from any of the police stations 
or by telephone and always responds 
to calls within the city limits. The 
General Hospital owns two ambul- 
ances, but only one is used, it cost 
$600 and is so constructed that it 
greatly minimizes pain. A doctor and 
driver accompany each ambulance, 
and carry with them instruments and 



appliances for giving temporary relief, 
such as splinting and binding" fractures 
or sewing up a wound. There is also 
a horse ambulance service. 

American lustitute of Archi- 
tects. — The Buffalo Chapter of the 
American Institute of Architects was 
organized March 4th, 1890. The ob- 
ject of the Chapter is to unite in fellow- 
ship the architects of the city and vi- 
cinity to combine their efforts to pro- 
mote the artistic, scientific and practi- 
cal efficiency of the profession, and to 
cultivate and encourage the study of 
the kindred arts. Any practicing 
architect residing in the city is eligible 
to election as a resident associate 
member, and any non-resident prac- 
ticing architect, whose office is more 
convenient to this Chapter than any 
other, is eligible as a non-resident as- 
sociate member. 

American Press Association. 

— An association formed to furnish 
news items and literary articles, etc., 
in stereotype form to country newspa- 
pers and periodicals. The Buffalo 
office is located at 44-48 Exchange 
Street and is one of the largest in the 
country. 

Amherst. — One of the towns of 
Erie county atljoining Buffalo on the 
north-east, in which are situate Eg- 
gertsville (post:office). Rosedale and 
East Amherst (post-office). 

Amicus Club. — The Amicus is a 
social dull, which was organized De- 
cember, 1SS4. It has fifty members 
with club rooms at 812 Main Street, 
which are open daily. Regular meet- 
ings are held the first Wednesday in 
each month. 

Ancient Order of Foresters. — 

The Courts in Buffalo meet as follows: 
Oriental No. 7126 — Every Tuesday 

evening, at 282 Elk Street. 

Pride of the Rock No. 7128 — Every 



AME— ANC 

Tuesday evening, at 230 W. Forest 
Avenue. 

Seneca No. 7790 — Every Friday at 
hall 712 Swan Street. 

North Buffalo No. 7880— First and 
third Wednesdays at hall 238 Amherst 
Street. 

Eureka No. 7891 — Every Saturday 
at Kreis Hall, 238 William Street. 

Elliott No. 7893— Every Friday at 
1 147 Main Street. 

Berlin No. 7971 — Every Friday, at 
hall 238 Amherst Street. 

Pride of East Buffalo No. 7975— 
Every Friday, at 598 Walden Avenue. 

Carolina No. 7987 — Every Monday, 
over 66 Carolina Street. 

Stevens No. 8051 —Every Tuesday, 
at 2691 Main Street. 

Ancient Order of Foresters of 
America. — There are thiriy-four 
Courts in Buffalo which nieet as fol- 
lows : 

Buffalo No. 6968— Every Friday ev- 
ening, at New Era Hall, Main and 
West Swan Streets. 

Oriental No. 7126 — Every Thursday 
exening. Pearl corner of Seneca Sts. 

Pride of the Rock No. 7128 — Every 
Thursday evening, at 288 West Ferry 
Street. 

Seneca No. 7679 — Every Tuesday 
evening, at 712 Swan Street. 

Frontier No. 768S — Every Monday 
evening, Rhode Island, corner of 
Nineteenth Street. 

P'reiheit No. 7862 — Every Monday 
evening at 668 William Street. 

International No. 7869 — Every Fri- 
day evening at 1995 Niagara Street. 

Clarence No. 7890 — Every Thursday 
evening at 11 15 Seneca Street. 

Erie No. 8004 — Second and fourth 
Tuesdav evenings, Hickory corner 
South Division Streets. 

Enterprise No. 8018 — 121 West For- 
est Avenue. 

Commerce No. 8046 — Every Friday 
at 120 Seneca Street. 



ANC 



Commociore Perry No. 8047 — Mon- 
days, corner Elk and Hanibur.i;' Sts. 

Virginia No 8064 — Tuesdays, at 
Kreis Hall, 232 William Street. 

Clinton No. 8072 — Wednesdays, 
Clinton, corner of Babcock Street. 

-Vigilant No 8073 — Every Tuesday 
at 758 West Avenue. 

Walden No. 8105 — Tuesdays, at 598 
Walden Avenue. 

Fraternity No. 8106 —Every Tuesday, 
at hall Genesee corner of Ash Street. 

Progress No. 8159 — Every Friday, at 
hall, 363 Massachusetts Avenue. 

Columbia No. 8234 — Every Friday, 
at 432 Connecticut Street. 

Hutchinson No. 8235 — Every Tues- 
day at hall. Main corner West Eagle 
Street. 

Uncle Sam No. 8262 — Second and 
fourth Thursdays, over 527 Main St. 

Pride of Buflfalo No. 8263 — Every 
Monday evening at 1227 Niagara St. 

Brave Old Oak No. 8264 — Every 
Monday at 1324 Jefferson Street. 

Amherst No. 8265— Every Monday, 
at 120 Amherst Street. 

Idaho No. 8266 — First and third Fri- 
day evenings at hall, 198 Seneca St. 

La Salle No. 8267 — Second and 
fourth Saturdays at 627 Broadway. 

Samaritan No. 8291 — Every Thurs- 
day, corner Potomac Avenue and 
DeVVitt Street. 

Amity No. 8203 — Every Wedesday 
corner William and Monroe Streets. 

East Buffalo No 8307 — Every Fri- 
day at 668 William Street. 

Electra No. 8325 — Every Tuesday at 
1657 Main Street. 

Peerless No. 8326 — Every Friday at 
1045 Jefferson Street. 

Porter No. 8327 — Every Monday at 
514 Front Avenue. 

Sycamore No. 8401 — Every Thurs- 
dav, corner Potomoc Avenue and De 
Witt Street. 

Dearborn No. 8428 — Every Wednes- 
day, corner of Austin and Keil Streets. 



Ancient Order of Hibernians. 

— The following divisions in Buffalo 
hold meetings every week : 

No I — Every Monday at their hall, 
corner of South Division and Emslie 
Streets. 

No. 2 — Every Wednesday at St. 
Stephen's Hall, West Swan corner ol 
Franklin Street. 

No. 3 — Every Friday, corner of Chi- 
cago and Fulton Streets. 

No. 4 — Every Wednesday, corner of 
Abbott Road and Smith Street. 

No. 5 — Every Tuesday at 450 South 
Division Street. 

No. 6 — Every Friday at 121 Forest 
Avenue. 

No. 7 — Every Tuesday, corner Niag- 
ara Street and Hertel Avenue. 

No. 8 — Every Thursday at hall, cor- 
ner of Utica and Jefferson Streets 

No. 9 — Every Wednesday at C. M. 
B. A. Hall, corner Walden and Bailey 
Avenues. 

No. II — Every Friday at 327 Four- 
teenth Street. 

Ancient Order of United Work- 
men. — Twenty - five lodges of this 
Order in Buffalo, hold meetings as 
follows : 

Orient No. i — Every Friday evening 
at hall 13/^ Swan Street. 

Landmark No. 4^Every first and 
third Monday evening corner Niagara 
and Amherst Streets. 

Queen City No. 5 — Every Tuesday 
evening at 465 Elk Street. 

Buffalo No. 9 — Every Thursday ev- 
ening at hall, over Western Savings 
Bank, Main and Court Streets. 

Harmony No. 13 — Every Tuesday 
evening at hall, over Western Savings 
Bank, Main corner Court Street. 

Prospect No. 22 — Every Wednesday 
evening at Lewis Hall, Niagara near 
Breckenridge Street. 

Germania No. 24 (German) — Every 
Monday evening at 692 Michigan 
Street. 



ANG -APA 



Mount Vernon No. 30 — Every Mon- 
day evening at hall, over Western 
Savings Bank, Main corner Court 
Street. 

Fraternity No. 36 — Every Saturday 
evening, Alain Street corner West 
Ferry. 

Erie No. 49 — Every Wednesday ev- 
ening at Wagner's Hall, corner Eagle 
and Jefierson Streets. 

Jefferson No. 66 (German) — Every 
Tuesday evening at Mutter's Hall, 
corner Clinton and Watson Streets. 

Washington No. 38 — Every Friday 
evening at hall, over Western Savings 
Bank, Main corner Court Street. 

Vesta No. 137 (German) — Every 
Wednesday evening at Sticht's Hall, 
East Huron, corner EUicott Street. 

Waverly No. 160 — Every Saturday 
evening at hall, over Western Savings 
Bank, Alain corner Court Street. 

Teutonia No. 228 — Every Thursday 
evening at 692 Michigan Street. 

Concordia No. 273 — Every Saturday 
evening at 692 Michigan Street. 

Morning Star No. 280 — Every Satur- 
day evening at 606 William Street. 

Benevolent No. 301 — Every Thurs- 
day evening at 393 High Street. 

South Buffalo No. 322 — Every Sat- 
urday at Zittle Hall, Seneca Street 
near Cazenovia. 

Vermont No. 323 — Every Monday 
evening over 373 Vermont Street. 

John Brogan No 333 — Every Wed- 
nesday evening at hall, over 48 West 
Eagle Street. 

Fillmore No. 353 — Every Thursday 
at 606 William Street. 

Ellicott No. 365 — Every Wednesday 
evening at 1147 Main Street. 

Algis No. 407 — Every Tuesday ev- 
ening at Burgard Hall, 598 Walden 
Avenue. 

Hydraulic No. 418 — Every Thursday 
evening at hall, 712 Swan Street. 

Angling. — (See Fishing). 



Angola. — Angola is a pretty little 
town ot 8o(>< population, situated about 
midway between the cities of Buffalo 
and Dunkirk, and two miles from Lake 
Erie. Commodious hotels and enter- 
prising business houses, backed by 
such manufacturing industries as the 
extensive plant of John Lyth's Sons, 
tile works ; the Candee Lock Compa- 
ny, brass founders ; Bundy Brothers, 
merchant millers, and Stocker & 
Lytle's saw and planing mill, have es- 
tablished the reputation of this outly- 
ing suburb of Buffalo as a business 
center. Eight local passenger trains 
daily each way, over the L. S. & M. S , 
Nickel Plate and the W. N. Y. & P. 
railroads afford excellent opportunities 
for getting to or from the city. Ango- 
la's crowning glory is the summer 
season and her lake camps. Of these 
Camp Bennett is the oldest and best 
known of any on the lakeshore. 
Hundreds of Buffalonians are acquaint- 
ed with this camp. Adjoining this 
camp is Lake Bay Grove, with some 
twenty-five or thirty cottages embow- 
ered in a forest of trees that cover a 
bluff overlooking the lake. Angola- 
on-the-lake and Iroquois Beach is a 
continuation of this same wooded bluff 
and contains the pretty summer cot- 
tages of several of Buffalo's substan- 
tial citizens. That the roads around 
Angola and the lake are well adapted 
to bicycling, is borne out by the fact 
that the several bicycle clubs of the 
city have long since made this place an 
objective point. 

Apartment Houses. — Like most 
large cities, Buffalo has a goodly show- 
ing of elegant apartment houses. Sev- 
eral are elaborate examples of archi- 
tectural skill, fire-proof, with every 
device to add elegance and comfort. 

The Bachelor, located at the 
southeast corner of Franklin and Tup- 
per Streets, is a four-story structure 
intended to be occupied as an apart- 



APA 



ment-bouse exclusively for gentlemen. 
The building was designed especially 
for this purpose, so it furnishes the 
bachelor the greatest amount of com- 
fort possible. The building is finished 
interiorly with oak and Georgia pine, 
and the plumbing and ventilation are 
arranged on the most approved prin- 
ciples of modern sanitation. All apart- 
ments are provided with steam heat, 
gas, hot and cold water, fire-places, 
mantels and closets. All apartments 
on the first fioor and. apartment 6 on 
the second floor have separate baths. 
Other apartments have a study and 
two bedrooms, and are intended for 
two tenants. All other apartments 
have a study and one bedroom. The 
building is under the charge of a resi- 
dent janitor. Rentals of these apart- 
ments range from $i8 to I38 per month. 

The Marlborough, situated at 
the southwest corner of Allen and 
Mariner Streets, is a handsome apart- 
ment house, which was completed in 
January, 1896. It is built of Medina 
brown stone, red and buff brick, four 
stories, and contains eight fiats, which 
are provided with all the modern con- 
veniences and heated by a combination 
of warm air and hot water. The main 
entrance, which is upon Mariner Street, 
is of polished oak and plate glass. 
The apartments rent from I35 to $50 
per month, which includes the use of 
natural gas range and janitor service. 

The Markeen, which at present is 
the largest apartment house in Buffalo 
occupies the desirable site corner of 
Main and Utica Streets. The structure 
is six stories high in front, with an 
additional story in the rear. The base 
is of Medina brown stone, the other 
stories being light brick with terra 
cotta trimmings ; while the balconies 
are of iron. It contains about 48 
apartments so arranged that lessees 
can rent one chamber and bath or six 
or more rooms for housekeeping, with 



natural gas ranges if desired, or, ten- 
ants may board by the week or meal 
in the caf6 which is conducted in the 
basement. The interior finish is ma- 
hogany throughout, and thoroughly 
fire-proof. 

The Hudson, at No. 313 Hudson 
Street, is one of the handsomest apart- 
ment houses in the city, and was 
erected in 1896. The building is of 
bufT brick with white terra cotta trim- 
mings, with a foundation of Medina 
sandstone. It has six family apart- 
ments which are all finished in white 
enamel paint and polished floors. 
Each apartment has seven rooms, with 
bath and laundry, the rooms are heated 
by steam and each flat provided with 
a natural gas range. The rental of 
these flats is I45 per month, including 
janitor service. 

The Valois, 294 Hudson Street, at 
the head of Cottage Street, occupies 
space on the old Sidway property. 
The style is French Gothic. It is 
built of brick, the front being built of 
Roman-shaped buff brick trimmed 
with Ohio buff sandstone. The floor 
of the main entrance is of mosaic tile, 
with marble trimmings, and the halls 
are floored with white oak. These 
beautiful flats rent from $25 to 145 per 
month including hot and cold water 
with natural gas range and janitor 
service. 

The La Salle, situated at the 
southeast corner of Chippewa and 
Georgia Streets is another handsome 
apartment house. The style followed 
is Italian Renaissance, containing 
eighteen apartments arranged for 
housekeeping, and six small apart- 
ments en suite with parlor, bedroom, 
bath, etc. All the halls are finished 
in quartered white oak with hardwood 
floors, while the rooms in the apart- 
ments are finished in enamelled paints 
of various tints. The building is 
equipped with two of the safest and 



ARC— ART 



most efficient hydraulic passenger ele- 
vators, and each apartment is supplied 
with a separate and fire-proof locker 
in tiie basement. Apartments may be 
leased single or en suite at the usual 
rates. 

The Osborne, another imposing 
building of stone and buff brick, four 
stories high, having 139 x 40 feet front, 
situate at 262 Delaware Avenue, was 
erected in 1895. There are 28 suites 
of apartments in the house, eight on 
each tioor. The suites are single and 
double, and consist of parlor, two 
bedrooms and bath. There is an ex- 
cellent cafe in the building, and every 
device that can give elegance and con- 
venience to its inmates. There is also 
a beautiful lawn, a luxury not often 
afforded apartment houses in a large 
city, with flower beds and shrubbery. 
It is the only apartment house on the 
avenue, and an ideal site. Rentals of 
these apartments run from $30 to $50 
per month, with elevator, heat, water, 
and services of a janitor and maid. 

The Haverford and the Pem- 
broke are two apartment houses re- 
cently completed, on Bryant Street, 
between Norwood and Ashland Ave- 
nues, a desirable residence portion of 
Buffalo. They are both four stories in 
height, and contain sixteen suites of 
flats each. A suite consists of parlor, 
dining - room, kitchen, bath - room, 
three chambers, and a private locker 
for storage in the cellar. The buildings 
are of brick laid in red mortar with 
brown stone trimmings, and have plate 
glass fronts, and large rear balconies. 
The interior finish in the halls is of 
quartered white oak, and that of the 
apartments, natural pine. The rentals 
range from $25 to $30 per month, and 
include steam heat, vVater rates and 
janitor service. 

The Algonquin is another fine 
apartment house, located on Johnson 
Park, just off Delaware Avenue, 



erected in 1893 and is built of brick 
and stone. It contains eleven family 
flats and a number of single apart- 
ments. 

The Columbia, a four story brick, 
situated on the corner of Whitney 
Place and Carolina Street, was erected 
in 1892 of brick and stone. It has 
eleven flats complete and modern, 
which rent from |i2o to $40 per month, 
including heat, natural gas range and 
janitor service. 

There are a great many more fine 
structures for the same purpose 
throughout the city, several in course 
of erection, and innumerable "flats" 
which are less fashionable but quite 
as comfortable as the apartment 
houses. These " flats " range in price 
from |i8 to $35 per month, according 
to accommodation and location. Then 
there are also houses built for two to 
six families which may be rented for 
moderate sums. The more expensive 
houses have always a janitor and often 
elevators, the others do not. 

Archaeological Club. — (Branch 
of Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. ) 
Holds meetings the fourth Tuesday 
of eacii month in the Buffalo Library 
Building, at the corner of Washington 
Street and Broadway. 

Armories. — There are two State 
Armories in the city of Buffalo. That 
of the 65th Regiment located at Broad- 
way corner of Potter Street, and that 
of the 74th Regiment on Virginia 
Street, corner of Elmwood Avenue. 
The Broadway arsenal has frequently 
been called into service to accomodate 
large concourses of people for concerts, 
conventions, etc. (See Military Af- 
airs.) 

Artists, Buffalo Society of— 

was organized in 1891 (incorporated in 
1894), in the studio of Mr. Ammi 
Farnham for the purpose of cultivating 



ART 



8 



and advancing art in Buffalo. Its 
cliief work thus far has been the hold- 
ing of artistic exhibitions of all kinds, 
the principal one each year being the 
spring exhibition of works of active 
members. The regular meetings of 
the society are held the first Thursday 
of each month and its annual meeting 
for election of officers, on the first 
Thursday of April. All the meetings 
are held in a large room adjoining the 
Fine Arts Academy in the Buffalo Li- 
brary Building which has been fitted 
up in a most attractive manner for an 
art library. This work is unique, for 
although there are few books as yet, 
the society subscribes to sixty art peri- 
odicals representing the art of England, 
France, Spain, Italy, Germany and 
the United States, thus giving students 
a fine opportunity to compare the work 
of different nations. This room is 
also used for the private exhibitions of 
the society, of which there have been 
held thus far one exhibition of book- 
bindings and book-plates, one of post- 
ers and one of tapestries. The man- 
agement of the society has been char- 
acterized by an aggressive business 
policy as shown in its rapid growth, 
in 1S93 there were 35 active members, 
six non-resident, 34 associates, and 41 
fellows, in all no members. Today 
they number, of fellows, 46 ; active, 
50 ; associate members, 241 ; out of 
town members, six ; honorary, two ; 
total, 345 ; so that at the close 
of Mr. Wm. C. Cornwell's adminis- 
tration of two years, the society has 
more than doubled. The fellowship 
fund has increased to$23oo,and above 
all, there is manifest an increased in- 
terest in art on the part of the members 
and community that is very encourag- 
ing- 
Art Stores. — Stores for the sale of 
art materials are plentiful in Buffalo, 
but there are only four prominent Art 
Stores — Hoddick's Art Store at 620 



Main Street, Oscar P. Benson's Art 
Store at 520 Main Street, George W. 
Benson 567 Main Street, and Deuther 
and Beck, 50 Niagara Street. The 
latter are also extensive dealers in 
artists' supplies. There are numer- 
ous other art stores in the city, 
of course, but the above named are 
the principal ones. At any of these 
places may be found fine collections of 
rare engravings, etchings, water-colors 
and fine oil paintings, together with 
high grade photographs. From time 
to time, at these stores, may be seen 
some good work done by local artists. 

Art Students' lyeague of BufFa- 

lo. — The Art Students' League of 
Buffalo was founded in 1885 under 
the name of Students' Art Club. 
Having, however, become known and 
outgrowing its limited quarters, the 
Club acceeded to the request of the 
Fine Arts Academy and took full con- 
trol of the Art School connected with 
the Fine Arts Academy and organized 
under the name of The Art Students' 
League of Buffalo, January i, 1892, 
incorporated 1894. Rooms were fur- 
nished for the school in the Buffalo 
Library Building, where they remained 
until the fall of 1895. It is the desire 
of the League to eventually be in a 
building devoted entirely to art. It is 
conspicuous for being the only Art 
League in this part of the State. The 
object of this school is to furnish to 
artists, and all interested in the sub- 
ject, thorough instruction in drawing 
from cast, life, painting, anatomy, per- 
spective, composition, mechanical 
drawing, design and modeling. The 
school is open all day and evenings 
every day in the week, eight months 
in the year. Three days in the week 
a sketch class is conducted by one of 
the teachers which is free to pupils in 
any of the classes. A model is also 
furnished for the women's and men's 
life class. A class in antique for chil- 



ASS-AUD 



(Iren is well attended Saturday afiLi- 
tioons. A scholarship of two hundred 
and fifty dollars (I250.00), with free 
tuition for one year in the New York 
Art League, has been awarded the 
student in the life class who has made 
the best drawins;' from the nude, dur- 
ing the year. The annual sketching 
trip in the month of July is conducted 
by one of the teachers, when a large 
class paint or draw from nature. The 
various instructors of the classes in the 
school are carefully chosen from artists 
who have had the greatest experience 
in this country and abroad. The 
League is under a board of control, 
with an advisory committee from the 
Fine Arts Academy. Visitors are al- 
ways made welcome. 

Assessment, Department of. — 

The board of assessors consists of five 
members (elected) at a salary of 13,500 
per year each, the officers of the board 
being a chairman and a secretary. 
Sixteen clerks are employed with sal- 
aries ranging from $1,500 to $900. 

Associated Press.— Tiie offices of 
the Associated Press in Buffalo are 
situated in the Matthews Block on 
Washington Street corner Exchange, 

Asylums. — -(See Benevolent Socie- 
ties and Institutions). 

Athletics. —Buflfalo is well abreast 
of cities of its size in the interest taken 
in athletic sports of all kinds. Lack- 
ing the presence of a large university, 
nevertheless, an interest is manifest in 
all classes of sport. In bicycling this 
city easily stands first of all cities in 
the world, owing, no doubt, to the ex- 
cellent pavements and good roads of 
the adjacent country. One of the old- 
est, and at one time the most prosper- 
ous association, is the Buffalo Athletic 
Club, organized by business men. At 
l^resent it has no home. The Buffalo 
Gymnasium has quarters on Washing- 



ton Street near Mohawk. The Enipii\- 
Athletic Club which occupies the uld 
Liedertafel Hall on Washington corner 
Mohawk Street for special occasions is 
organized more especially to promote 
boxing encounters. The Iroquois 
Athletic Club and the Nineteenth 
Century Club are somewhat similar 
organizations. Perhaps the most suc- 
cessful associations are those of the 
74th Regiment and the 65th Regiment. 
Each of these clubs give public enter- 
tainments of athletics and field sports, 
offering valuable trophies to encourage 
a careful preparation on the part of the 
participants. The University of P)uf- 
falo Athletic Associaticjn maintain 
hockey, football and baseball teams. 
The Buffalo^ High School Athletic 
Association is a school organization 
deserving of much praise fijr the ex- 
cellent baseball and football teams it 
annually places in the field. Many 
other baseball, polo, cricket, bicycling, 
football, boating and rowing clubs will 
be found in their departments or men- 
tioned under their individual names. 

Auditor's Department. — This 
department of the city government 
consists of one auditor (appointed by 
the comptroller) at a salary of $1,500, 
and one clerk. Office in the city hall, 

Audubon Club — 1 he Bufitalo 
Audubon Club was organized in 1866 
and incorporated June2[, 1876. The 
particular objects of the Club are social, 
literary and athletic culture, hunting, 
fishing and other lawful sports; includ- 
ing the protection and preservation of 
birds, game and fish. The Club is a 
member of the State Association for 
the Protection of Fish and Game. 
Meetings are held the first Saturday 
evening of each month at the Club's 
rooms, 21 West Eagle Street. The 
Club has a large and well-equipped 
shooting park, where in June, 1896, 
was held the State Tournament of the 



BAK— BAN 



10 



Association for the Protection of Fish 
and Game. The membership is Hmit- 
ed to one hundred, the Club at pres- 
ent having a waiting list. 

Bakeries. — The principal bakeries 
are Oven's Bakery, occupying a large 
building on EUicott near Clinton 
Street. 15000 loaves of bread are 
made daily and 125 barrels of flour 
used. They employ 180 men and run 
20 wagons. 

Niagara Bakery at 301 Michigan 
Street, corner Myrtle Avenue. This 
bakery employs 150 men and women, 
make 400 barrels of crackers daily and 
run ten wagons. 

Vienna Bakery, corner of Mchigan 
and Eagle Streets. 



Mugridge's Bakery on Elk Street. 

In addition to these large bakeries,, 
there are numberless other smaller 
but similar establishments. Then 
there are a vast number of fancy bak- 
eries and makers of pies, a large 
number of the latter serving light re- 
freshments. 



Banks. — The following list includes 
all the banks in the City of Buffalo. 
Of the discount banks, all are State 
institutions, with two exceptions 
noted. With the first reports of the 
year, the standing of the various 
banks is given below, with tlie excep- 
tion of the EUicott Square, in process 
of reorganization. 





capital. 


SURPLUS 

AND 
PROFITS. 


DEPOSITS. 


18 Discount Banks .... 
2 Trust Companies .... 
4 Savings Banks 


$4,750,000 

700,000 


14,141,000 

132,000 

5,611,000 


$31,044,000 

4, 108,000 
33,360,000 


Total 


$5,450,000 


19,884,000 


$68,512,000 



BANKS. 

/ 


location. 


ORGANIZED 

OR 

INCORPORATED. 


< 

<^ 
u 


SURPLUS, 

INCLUDING 

PROFITS. 


in 

H 



Cu 
W 
Q 


American Ex- 
change . . . 
Bank of Buffalo 


16 West Seneca . . 
Main and Seneca . . 


1853 


$ 200,000 
300,000 

250,000 
100,000 
300,000 


$ 126,000 
367,000 

77,000 
110,000 
157,000 


$ 975,000 
3,254,000 


Buffalo Commer- 
cial 

Citizens' . . . 
City 


W. Seneca and Pearl 
William cor. Sherm'n 
319 Main 


1836 
1890 
1893 


1,284,000 
1,054,000 
2,129,000 



II 



BAN 











, 








^ X 

/ — '^ 


J 


^' y. d-, 


CO 

H 


HANKS. 


LOCATION. 


< C c- 


r 


HI B - 

'X. — Z 









'Z X. 


< 


:j u X 


w 






5 u 
y. 





X /. ^ 


Q 


Columbia Na- 










tional . . 


103 Seneca .... 


iSl;2 


% 2CO,COO 


$ 20, coo 


$ 898,000 


Bank of Com- 












merce .... 


215-217 Main . . 


I '^73 


200, oco 


292,000 


2, 048, coo 


Ellicott Square, 












(form'ly Queen 












City 


Ellicott Square Bld'g 


lot 2 


300, oco 






Farmers and Me- 












chanics , . . 


198 Main 


18^8 


200,000 


191. 000 


1, 032, oco 


German .... 


INIain and Lafayette . 


1876 


ic 0,000 


517,000 


2,7o8.coo 


German Ameri- 












can . . , . . 


Main and Court . . 


1892 


200,(^00 


II 0^ oco 


1,341,000 


Manufacturers ' 












and Traders' . 


cor. Main and Seneca 


1856 


9c 0.000 


55 1, coo 


4, 018, coo 


Marine .... 


220 Main 


1850 


200,000 


76 1, coo 


3, 862, coo 


Merchants' . . 


208 Main 


188I 


3^.0,000 


229, oco 


1,456,000 


Metropolitan . . 


485 Main 


1891 


200,000 


87,000 


1, 035, coo 


Niagara .... 


Ellicott Square Bld'g 


189I 


100,000 


20, oco 


639,000 


People's .... 


257 Washington . . 


1889 


3( o,coo 


I I 2, coo 


I 455,000 


Third National . 


273-275 Main .... 


1865 


500 000 


3 5 7, coo 


1,256,000 


Union ,.'... 


496-498 Main .... 


1891 


200, coo 


57,000 


600,000 


B u tf a 1 o Loan, 












Trust and Safe 












Deposit Co. . 
Fidelity Trust 


440 Main 




200,000 


52, oco 


1, 241, coo 


*tH^ . • . . . 






and Guaranty 


i 










Company . . 


Erie Co. Bank B'ld'g 


1893 


500, coo 


80, coo 


2,867, oco 


Buffalo Savino-s 












Bank . . . ^. 


cor. Washington and 












Lafayette .... 


1846 




1,927,000 


'0,985, oco 


Empire State 












Savings Bank 


Morgan Bl'g, Pearl 












and Niagara . . 






26 000 


637,000 


Erie Co. Savings 












Bank .... 


Main, Niagara. IV-arl 












and Church . . 


1854 




2,296,000 


18, 120,000 


Western Savings 












Bank .... 


Main and Court . . 


1851 




382,(00 


3,624,000 



BAN— BAP 



12 



Bank Association of BuiFalo. — 

This Association was formed in 1881, 
and was one of the first of like charac- 
ter in existence. The objects of the 
Association are to maintain rate 
charges of interest, checks, collections 
for depositors and remittances. It has 
been estimated that the increase in 
profits on collections to the banks ori- 
ginally interested, over the old way of 
doing exchange business for nothing, 
paid, actually, the dividends each year 
of all the banks, and whatever profit 
was made in the other departments 
went to the building up of the surplus, 
thus strengthening the banks, enhanc- 
ing their solidity and their ability to 
care for their customers. A Clear- 
ing House was established and in 
1890 the Association perfected all 
arrangements for the issue of Clearing 
House certificates, and the machinery 
was availed of in 1893 and proved of 
great advantage in ameliorating the 
gripings of panic, enabling banks to 
care for customers more generously, 
and during the currency famine to 
make comfortable provisions for cash 
when needed. The following banks 
are members of the Clearing House 
Association : Buffalo Commercial, 
Marine, American Exchange, Manu- 
facturers' and Traders', Farmers' and 
Mechanics', Third National, German, 
Bank of Buffalo, Bank of Commerce, 
Merchants', Buffalo Loan, Trust and 
Safe Deposit Company, German 
American, People's, Ellicott Square, 
Citizens, Niagara, Metropolitan. Col- 
umbia National, Union, and The City. 
The clearings and balances for four 
years are as follows : 



CLEARINGS. 

1892, $203,462,056 46 

1893, 219,874,534.79 

1894, 197,199,9 0'2T 

1895, 222,780,269.94 



BALANCES. 

136,397. 9M 96 
35.977.500 50 

33.^58,595 94 
38,054,080.48 



The offices of the Clearing House 
are located in the Hayen Building. 



Baptist Churches. — The follow- 
ing list gives the names and locations 
of all those in Buffalo. 

Bouck Avenue, Bouck, corner Tryon 
Place. 

Cedar Street, Cedar, corner South 
Division Street. 

Dearborn Street, Dearborn, near 
Hamilton Street. 

Delaware Avenue, Delaware, be- 
tween Bryant and West Utica Streets. 

Emmanuel, Rhode Island, corner 
Normal Avenue. 

First Baptist, Concert Hall, Main, 
corner Edward Street. 

Fillmore Avenue, No. 46 Fillmore 
Avenue. 

First Free Baptist, Hudson, near 
Fargo Avenue. 

First German, No. 41 Spruce Street. 

Second German, Hickory, near 
Genesee Street. 

Glenwood Avenue, Glenwood, cor- 
ner Purdy Street. 

Third German, High, corner Mul- 
berry Street. 

Parkside, Vernon Place, near Main 
Street. 

Prospect Avenue, Georgia Street, 
corner Prospect Avenue. 

Polish Baptist Church, No, 680 Wil- 
liam Street. 

Michigan Street, (Colored), Michi- 
gan, between Clinton and Broadway. 

Reid Memorial Chapel, No. 682 Wil- 
liam Street. 

BAPTIST MISSIONS. 

English Baptist Mission of Cedar 
Street Church, No. 680 William Street. 

Fifth Street Mission, Fifth, near 
Virginia Street. 

Maple Street Mission, Maple, corner 
Virginia Street. 



Baseball. — Buffalo has always siip- 
pt)rted a professional baseball club 
since the formation of the earliest 
associations. For a number of years 
a team represented this city in the 
National League, but for some years 
past, BulTalo has been the most im- 
portant member of the Eastern league, 
which consists of teams representing 
the cities of Buffalo, Toronto, Syra- 
cuse, Rochester, Providence, Spring- 
field, Scranton and Wilkes Barre. A 
regular schedule is published, extend- 
ing from May to September. One- 
half the regular games played by the 
home team take place in Buffalo ; 
week days at Olympic Park, corner 
East Ferry and Michigan Sts. (Main 
Street and Michigan Streetcars.) On 
Sundays games are played at Frank- 
lin Park, Genesee Street and New , 
York Central tracks, which are reached 
by the Genesee Street cars. There is 
a minor association of semi-profes- 
sional clubs organized as a city league 
each year, but these clubs play on 
Sunday only A score or more of 
first-class amateur clubs representing 
the various colleges, newspaper and 
business interests are organized each 
year. They play on grounds set aside 
by the Park Commission. 

Batavia. — A town of 8,000 inhab- 
itants, 36 miles east of Buffalo on the 
N. Y. C. & H. R., Erie and Buff'alo 
and Geneva railroads. County seat of 
Genesee County. The most important 
public buildings are the New A^ork 
•State lilind Asylum, the Holland 
Land Company Memorial Building, 
and the Richmond Library. The 
VViard Plow Works, Johnston Harves- 
ter Works and several other important 
manufacturing interests are located 
here. liatavia has excellent hotel 
accommodations. 

Baths. — At all the hotels and most 
of the barber shops in Buffalo, a bath 



13 BAS— BED 

may be obtained, either hot, cold or 
shower, with soap and towels, for the 
usual price, 25 cents. The principal 
Russian and Turkish public baths are: 
The Wagner Bath, in the Genesee 
Hotel, one of the finest equipped in 
the city and is for both women and 
men. Meals are served in the bath 
when desired. 

Imperial Baths located at 387 
Washington Street, is for men only, 
and accommodates about twenty per- 
sons at one time. In connection with 
the bath an excellent barber shop is 
provided. 

The Windsor Bath at 327 Wash- 
ington Street is exclusively a bath for 
men and has accommodation for forty 
persons at one time. 

The Palace Bath, 40 east Mohawk 
Street, is a bath for both women and 
men, with accommodation for twenty 
people. 

All baths are well fitted up and are 
open day and night. Some are quite 
luxuriant. Prices at the different baths 
run from 50 cents to $1-50, the vapor 
bath usually being the most expensive. 
Russian, 50c; Turkish, 75c; Sulphur, 
|r; Vapor Pack, |i.60 ; Massage, $1. 
Most of these Baths are open all night. 

Bay View, on the lakeshore, is 
eight miles from Buffalo, and can be 
reached by the W. N. Y. & P., Nickle 
Plate and L. S. & M. S. Railroads. 
There is a fine rifle range there, hav- 
ing five targets and ranges which are 
from one to ten hundred yards. It is 
owned and controlled by the Bay View 
Rifle Association, and until recently 
was used by both the 65th and 74th 
regiments for rifle practice. 

Bedell House — was first opened 
for the reception of guests May 1,1877. 
It is located on the east side of Grand 
Island, about six miles from Buffalo 
and some eight miles from Niagara 



BEG— BEN 



14 



Falls; The hotel faces the Niagara 
River, is three stories high, with a tive 
story tower and broad verandas on all 
side's. The lawns are handsomely 
laid out with walks.flower beds,shrub- 
bery, croquet grounds and lawn tennis 
court. The base-ball grounds, belong- 
ing to the hotel, are the finest in Erie 
county, outside the city of Buffalo. 
This summer resort has always been 
popular and much frequented by Buf- 
falonians. It has quick connections 
with Buffalo, the ferry for horses and 
carriages and passenger boats which 
land you at the hotel. The attractions 
of this delightful little summer resort 
are numerous : cool verandas, free 
from dust and the afternoon's hot sun, a 
panorama of charming landscape, 
bathing, boating and fishing all com- 
bine to make the Bedell House a de- 
sirable near-by place for a summer out- 
ing Carriages or saddle horses, and 
ponies for children may be obtained 
readily, as a livery stable is run in 
connection with the hotel, for the ac- 
commodation of guests. To reach 
Grand Island and the Bedell House, 
take the New York Central Railroad 
cars or Belt Line at the Terrace depot 
or the Niagara trolley to Ferry Street 
or Hertel Avenue. From the above 
places the steamer Silver Spray makes 
regular trips landing at the Bedell 
House. Terms : $2 to $3 per day, $7 
to $15 per week, according to location. 

TIME TABLE FOR SUMMER SEASON. 

IVeel- Bays. —Leavas Bedell House 
for Hertel Avenue only. 7:30 a. m.. 
Leaves Hertel Avenue for Bedell 
House, 9:00 a. m. Leaves Bedell 
House for Ferry Street, 9:20 a.m., 1:30 
p. M., 4:30 p. M.. 7:30 P. M. Leaves 
Ferry Street for Bedell House, 10:30 
A.M., 2:30 p.m:, 5:30 P.M. 

Saturdays, Sundays and Holidays — 
Leaves Bedell House for Hertel Av- 
enue and Ferry Street, 9:00 a.m., 1:30 
P.M., 3:15 P. M., 5:30 p. M., 7:30 p. M., 



9:30 p. M. (to Hertel Avenue only). 
IIP. M., Saturdays and Holidays only. 
Leaves Ferry Street for Bedell House, 

10:30 A.M., 2:30 P.M., 4:00 P.M., 6:15 
P.M., 8:00 P.M. 

Beggars. — The streets of every 
large city are frequented by beggars. 
They usually select the streets through 
which persons must pass to and from 
business or places of amusement. 
They are very apt to approach gentle- 
men when accompanied by ladies, and 
have a clever understanding of human 
nature. We would not advise a lavish 
bestowal of alms upon these mendi- 
cants. 

Belt I/ine.— A double track be- 
longing to the N. Y. Central. This 
line goes around the city, and the 
trip fare is five cents. Trains stop at 
the following stations : Exchange St., 
Terrace, Georgia Street, Porter Ave- 
nue, Water Works, Ferry Street, Clin- 
ton Avenue, Black Rock, Amherst 
Street, Austin Street, Military Road, 
Cross-cut Junction, Delaware Avenue, 
Villa Park, Central Park, Main Street, 
Steele Street, Driving Park, Genesee 
Street, Broadway, William Street, 
Emslie Street and Seneca Street. 
Trains are run from 5:45 A. m. to 
II 55 P. M. 

Benevolent Societies, Insti- 
tutions and Charities. — The 

charities of Buffalo are many and far- 
reaching. The list given below will 
explain the character of each insti- 
tution. Many names will be found 
under their proper titles elsewhere in 
the book. A number of mutual bene- 
fit benevolent societies are included. 
See Dispensaries, Hospitals, etc. 

Bavarian Benevolent Associa- 
tion. Meets at 694 Jefferson Street, 
second and fourth Tuesdays. 

Bohemian Benevolent Associa- 
tion. Meets every first Sunday 



monthly at Jefferson Park, 631 Jeffer- 
son Street. 

Buffalo Children's Aid Society 
AND Newsboys' and Bootblacks' 
Home, 29 Franklin Street. 

Buffalo Electrical Aid Asso- 
ciation. Oro'anized February 20, 
1888. Executive Committee meets 
every third Tuesday monthly. 

Buffalo Orphan Asylum, 403 
Virginia Street. 

Catholic Benevolent Legion. 
Fifteen lodges have various meeting 
places. For list see City Directory. 

Catholic Home, 64 Franklin 
Street. For young girls out of em- 
ployment. In charge of the ladies of 
the Sacred Heart of Mary. 

Christopher Columbus Mutual 
Benefit Club (Italian). Organized 
February 4, 1883. Incorporated Jan- 
uary, 1889. Meets first Tuesday 
monthly at 145 Erie Street. 

Church Charity Foundation. 
This society has general authority to 
purchase real estate for charitable pur- 
poses, and is not restricted to any par- 
ticular charity, but can inaugurate and 
support any number of asylums for 
any class of unfortunates. 

Deaconesses' Home, 2578 Main 
Street. 

District Nursing Association 
and Diet Kitchen, 344 Delaware 
Avenue. A charitable organization to 
aid the worthy poor. The kitchens 
are located at 307 Seneca Street, 1192 
Niagara Street and 65 Franklin Street 
and Westminster House on Monroe 
Street near Broadway. 

ElSAESS -LOTHRINGEN BENEVOL- 
ENT Association. Meets first and 
third Tuesday, at 692 Michigan Street. 

Evangelical Church Home (for 
Buffalo and vicinity). Broadway (Forks 
station) near city line. 



15 BEN 

Evangelical Lutheran St. 
John's Orphan Asylum. Organized 
March 6, 1864. The girls' department 
is located at 280 Hickory Street, the 
boys' department at Sulphur Springs. 

Erie County Almshouse. This 
institution is on the east side of Main 
Street near the city line. The house 
is four stories high and built of white 
flint stone ; stands about five hundred 
feet from the street, and has a well- 
kept lawn in front, while the balance 
of the land surrounding the institution 
is cultivated and used to raise vege- 
tables for the use of the inmates. 
There are usually from 400 to 500 per- 
sons in the home, the majority being 
men. 

Excelsior Marine Benevolent 
Association. Rooms, No. 11 Main 
Street. Open daily. Annual meet- 
ings in January. 

Fitch Creche, 159 Swan Street. 

German American Benevolent 
Association. Meets every first and 
third Thursday evening at Russ's Hall, 
Broadway, corner Madison Street. 

German Benevolent Society 
Concordia. Meets every second and 
fourth Tuesday at hall, No. 585 Broad- 
way. 

German Deaconess Home, 27 
Goodrich Street, was organized Octo- 
ber, 1895. This is a home where poor 
persons may secure temporary treat- 
ment when sick. There is also a 
training school for nurses in connec- 
tion with the Home. 

German Roman Catholic Or- 
phan Asylum, Dodge Street, near 
the Parade. Organized in 1864. and 
under the management of the Sisters 
of St. Francis. They have 200 orphans 
in the institute. 

German Evangelical Church 
Home, Broadway and city line. 



BEN 



i6 



Grand Army of the Republic 
Bureau of Relief, Police Head- 
quarters, Franklin, cor. West Seneca 
Street. Furnishes assistance to needy 
soldiers and their families. 

Grant and Loan Association of 
the Charity Organization Society. 
Makes grants and small loans where 
assistance cannot be procured from 
other sources. 

Harmonia Benevolent Associa- 
tion. Meets first Sunday afternoon 
in every month at Fidelity Hall, 249 
Genesee Street. 

Harmonia Benevolent Associa- 
tion (German). Meets first Tuesday 
monthly, at 681 Michigan Street. 

Hessian-Darmstadter Benevol- 
ent Association. Meets at 692 
Michigan Street, first and third Wed- 
nesdays. 

Home for Aged and Destitute 
Females. Opened in 1858. Building 
on Rhode Island Street near Niagara. 

Home for the Friendless, 1500 
Main Street. 

Homestead Lodging House, 84 
and 86 Lloyd Street. Maintained by 
the Christian Homestead Association. 
Receives men able to pay and also 
men sent by ticket. Lodging house is 
open until midnight, the restaurant 
from 5 A. m. to 8 p. m. 

Ingleside Home, 70 Harvard Place. 
Incorporated in 1869. This institution 
was organized for the purpose of re- 
claiming erring women. They are 
cared for, provided with employment, 
instruction, food, clothing and needed 
medical attendance. 

Italian Union Benevolent So- 
ciety of Buffalo. Organized May 
7, 1874. Incorporated September 20, 
1875. Meets first Thursday monthly 
at 145 Erie Street. 

Ladies' Hospital Association. 
Meets every second Tuesday of the 



month at 3 p. m. at the Buffalo General 
Hospital. 

Le Couteulx St. Mary's Insti- 
tution FOR THE Instruction of 
Deaf Mutes, 125 Edward Street. 

Marine Enginneers' Beneficial 
Association No. T. Meets at Hesper 
Parlors, 13)^ East Swan Street. 

Monastery of the Good Shep- 
herd, 485 Best Street (called also 
Magdalene Asylum). A Mother Su- 
perior is in charge, with 45 professed 
sisters and 105 penitents. At the 
same place and under the same direc- 
tion is the Catholic Protectory for 
Girls. 

North Buffalo Catholic Asso- 
ciation, corner Dearborn and Am- 
herst Streets. Organized in 1885. In- 
corporated May, 1888. 

Prevoyance Benevolent Asso- 
ciation. Meets second and fourth 
Thursday evenings, at Scheu's Hall, 
243 Genesee Street. 

Prison-Gate Mission. The object 
of this organization is to extend a 
helping hand to those leaving the peni- 
tentiary, jail, etc., and to start them on 
the way to do right. 

Protectory for Wayward Girls, 
485 Best Street. Under the direction 
of the Sisters of the Good Shepherd. 

Providence Retreat. On Main 
Street, near Humboldt Parkway. 
Under the charge of fourteen Sisters 
of Charity. For the treatment of the 
insane. 

Rheinpfaelzer Benevolent As- 
sociation. Meets every first and 
third Monday at the corner of Gene- 
see and Walnut Streets. 

St. Francis Asylum, 337 Pine 
Street. For aged and destitute per- 
sons, without distinction of nationality 
or religion. Accommodates 300 in- 
mates. Governed by eighteen Sisters 
of St. Francis, 




'' \'^ 





r^7 I i'- 




ST. PAUL'S CHURCH 



17 



i3EN 



St. John's Protectory, West 
Sciifca, in cliarge of the Brothers of 
the Holy Infancy, and seventeen Sis- 
ters of St. Joseph have charge of the 
children under the superintendence of 
Rev. N. H. Baker. The average 
number of boys cared for is 325. 

St. Joseph's Male Orphan Asy- 
lum, West Seneca, N. Y. Opened, 
August, 1S45 ; incorporated August 
2, 1851. To care for orphan children, 
over 200 being accommodated. Any 
boy between the ages or four and 15 
years may be admitted by applying to 
Rev. W. H. Baker. Supported by 
appropriations from the Board of Sup- 
ervisors, relatives of the children, and 
church societies. 

St. Mary's Asylum for Widows, 
' Foundlings and Infants, 126 Ed- 
ward Street, was organized by the 
Sisters of Charity in 1854. An Asy- 
lum where infants and widows may 
procure a home. Children are never 
kept over seven 3'ears. A charge of 
$S per week is required for board, but 
persons who have no means of paying 
are also taken. 

St. Michael's Benevolent So- 
ciety. Meets at St. Michael's Hall, 
Ellicott Street, near Tupper, last Sun- 
day of each month. 

St. Vincent's Female Roman 
Catholic Orphan Asylum, at 1313 
Main Street, was built in 1848, and is 
a three-story building. There are 140 
orphans cared for in the asylum, which 
is under the direction of the Sisters of 
Charity. 

St. Vincent de Paul Confer- 
ence OF St. Michael's Church. 
Meets at 651 Washington Street the 
second and fourth Wednesdays of each 
month. 

Salvation Army Lodging House, 
111-113 Commercial Street ; known as 
"The Ark." Receives men able to 



pay, and men sent by ticket. Open 
until midnight. 

SCHWAEBISCHER BENEVOLENT AS- 
SOCIATION. Meets first and third 
Thursday evenings at hall, corner 
Sycamore and Hickory Streets. 

Sisterhood of Zion, Hebrew 
Board of Charity ; headquarters, 456 
Jefferson Street. Operating under the 
Sisterhood is the Daughters of the 
Star. 

SocETA Fratellanza Union di 
Sanfele. Meets first and second 
Wednesdays at 4 Staats Street. 

St. Augustinus Verein Bene- 
volent Association. Meets at 349 
BroadVvay every first Friday. 

State Charities Aid Associa- 
tion. Organized in 1872, to visit 
State, county, city and town charitable 
institutions, and to secure improve- 
ments in their administration by legis- 
lative and other means. 

Washington Benevolent Asso- 
ciation. Meets 349 Broadway every 
first and third Saturday. 

The Wayfare located at 133 Court 
Street, is a temporary home for 
women. It was opened May ist, 
1895, and is a public charity. Its aim 
is to give food and shelter to any des- 
titute woman. No questions are 
asked — the fact that she is in distress 
being in itself a sufficient claim for 
attention. The home has accommo- 
dated from one to ten women each 
night, and work has been found for 
those deserving it. About one-third 
pay the regular price of ten cents a 
night — the rest work for their lodg- 
ings. 

Welcome Hall, at 307 Seneca 
Street, organized November i, 1894. 
The obect of the Association is to se- 
cure employment for the poor, and 
give them temporary aid. There are 
about 100 members, and the Hall is in 
charge of a matron. 



BEN— BIC i< 

Westminster House was organ- 
ized September 1894, and occupies 
four cottages at 424 Adams Street, 
running through to A'lonroe. In con- 
nection with this, there is a free kin- 
dergarten, diet kitchen and gymna- 
sium. 

Women's Christian Association, 
II Niagara Street. The missionary 
department gives assistance to needy 
families. 

Working Boys' Home of the 
Sacred Heart, 35 Niagara Square. 
The Working Boys' Home was opened 
at 35 Niagara Square about the ist of 
February, 1889. The object of the 
Working Boys' Home is to surround 
the young men Hving under its roof 
with' the comforts and blessings of 
home, compatible with the condition 
and circumstances. The home is_ in 
no sense an orphan asylum, or lodging 
house ; neither does it wish to appear 
as a home or house of correction ; the 
boys for such institutions are well pro- 
vided for in the many charitable in- 
stitutions already established in the city. 
The specific and real purpose of the 
home is to care for boys who are 
friendless, yet honest, industrious and 
willing to toil in search of success, 
but with small wages, such as I1.50 or 
I2.00 per week. The young boarders 
feel independent, because they are not 
the objects of anyone's charity, for, 
small as their wages may be, they con- 
tract for one dollar or one dollar and a 
half per week for board, and this each 
one pays from his weekly income, and 
thus he is brought face to face with 
self-reliance in the proportion that he 
is not the object of anybody's charity. 
Although a priest is at the head of the 
home, and the Sisters of St. Joseph 
contribute to the domestic welfare, yet 
the religious rights of others are in no 
way interfered with, for the only con- 
dition of admission to the home is that 
the boy is homeless, honest and willing 



to worK. The present building is far 
too small for the great number of boys 
who seek to be admitted in the insti- 
tution. The ages generally range 
from 12 to 18. All the boys are work- 
ing. The greatest portion are learning 
useful trades. The new building, 
which is in course of erection, when 
completed, will be able to accommo- 
date over 130 boys. In it there will be 
school rooms, art rooms, gymnasium, 
bowling alley, and other modern at- 
tractions to please, ennoble and build 
up the young men living in the Work- 
ing Boys' Home. 

Zion's Verein Benevolent As- 
sociation. Meets at 349 Broadway 
every second and fourth Wednesday. 

Bicycle Clubs. — There are a num- 
ber of important bicycle clubs in the 
city. The oldest of these associations is 
the Ramblers ,then comes the Women's 
Wheel and Athletic Club. In 1889 
Buffalo had nine bicycle clubs as fol- 
lows : Buffalos, Ramblers, Zigzags, 
Women's Wheel Club, Mystics, Wan- 
derers, Ladies' Bicycle Club, Colum- 
bias and Kooxes. Of this number only 
four are in existence today but new- 
comers have filled their places. The 
Buffalo Bicycle Club, which is now a 
social organization known as the La- 
Salle Club, was formed February 22, 
1879, at the office of Dr. H. T. Apple- 
by on West Eagle Street, and began 
business with a membership of three. 
The organization grew and flourished 
as the use of the bicycle became more 
general, and in the fall of 1880 the first 
bicycle tournament ever held in this 
section of the State, took place. The 
meet was fairly successful, and similar 
ones were held in 1881, 1882, 1883 and 
1884. In 1885 the Club secured the 
National L. A. W. meet for Buffalo, 
and at this tournament one of the most 
exciting races ever witnessed in the 
city was a feature of the programme. 
The event was for the Amateur cham- 



19 



BIC 



pionship of America, and the contest- 
ants were the famous Hendee and 
"Star" Weber. The former won by 
a few inclies and retained the title 
which he had held previously. 

The Ramblers' Bicycle Club first 
saw the light of day on January 26, 
18S5, and now has a large member- 
ship with club rooms at 529-533 Main 
Street. Colors, blue and white. 

Women's Wheel and Athletic 
Club was organized on July 3, 18S8, 
under the name of the Women's Wheel 
Club. This Club meets in the Chapter 
House on Johnson Place the last Tues- 
day evening of each month. There 
are forty members, with wheeling, 
pedestrian and bowling sections. 

Press Cycling Club was organ- 
ized in 1890, and first had its home in 
the Brown building, but the members 
multiplied so rapidly in the early part 
of 1891 that new and better quarters 
were secured at 828 Main Street, which 
were again outgrown and the Club re- 
moved to 380 Franklin Street. It was 
expected these rooms would prove 
sufficiently large for all time, but an 
addition of about 60 members from 
the disbanded Zigzags made the club 
rooms insufficient, so they secured a 
club house at 163 Delaware Avenue, 
the club taking possession on May i, 
1892. On May i, 1896, it again re- 
moved to 283 Franklin Street, its pres- 
ent home. The dues of the Club are 
^6.00 per year and it has 250 members. 
Colors, orange and black. 

Wanderers Bicycle Club, organ- 
ized in 1887, has about 150 mem- 
bers. The club-rooms are located at 
607 Broadway. The colors are black 
and green. 

Parkside Wheeling Club is an- 
other popular club which has its 
h(mie in the old Howard mansion at 
i3<j6 Delaware Avenue since May i, 
1896, and has a membership of 200. 



This Club was organized September 
26, 1894, and incorporated January 
ig, 1896, The club room is open 
daily and Sunday from 8 a. m. to 12 
p. M. The dues are fifty cents per 
month, with an entrance fee of I5.00. 

Black Rock Cycle Association 
was organized on March 9, 1896, and 
and has 75 or more members. Meet- 
ings are held at 270 Austin Street. 

The objects of the various bicycle 
clubs throughout the city are to pro- 
mote the interests of wheelmen and 
cultivate social intercourse between 
their members. 

Bicycle Customs Regulations. 

— Any cycler entering the Dominion 
of Canada for the purpose of making 
a tour may pass his wheel free of duty 
upon his making an affidavit stating 
where he intends going and what 
length of time he expects to remain in 
the Dominion. The customs officials 
make a charge of 10 cents for making 
the entry and a certificate is given the 
rider which secures him from any fur- 
ther inconvenience while on his tour. 

Bicycle Routes and Distances. 

— ("Smith's Guide," condensed.) 

I. Out Genesee Street to Walden 
Avenue, thence right on Walden Av- 
enue to the Broadway Plank Road, 
which is a continuation of Walden 
Avenue. It is planked through to 
Lancaster, and leads direct to Lan- 
caster, Town Line and Alden. As- 
phalt to City Line and good roads 
thereafter. 

II. Genesee Street to City Line, 
which leads to the Buffalo and Batavia 
Road in a direct line. Asphalt to City 
Line ; good roads all the way. 

III. Out Seneca Street to City Line, 
thence via Aurora Plank Road. The 
Aurora Plank Road is a continuation 
of Seneca Street, and is direct. As- 
phalt to City Line ; good roads there- 
after. 



BIC 



20 



IV. Out Broadway to Fillmore Av- 
enue, turn right on Fillmore to Clin- 
ton, turn left on Clinton and continue 
to City Line, where you will come 
directly into what is called Clinton 
Road. This road is direct. Asphalt 
to City Line ; good roads thereafter. 

V. Out Main Street to City Line, 
follow trolley line from City Line to 
Williamsville, keep straight ahead and 
you will have a direct route. Asphalt 
to City Line. Road, City Line to 
Williamsville not in very good con- 
dition, but beyond Williamsville they 
are good. 

VI. Same as route V to Williams- 
ville, and when about two miles be- 
yond Williamsville take Transit Road, 
which is good and direct. 

VII. Out Niagara Street to City 
Line to River Road, (River Road is a 
continuation of Niagara Street), keep 
on River Road to first wagon bridge, 
here turn left and take ferry. Or you 
can take steamer at foot of Ferry Street 
for Bedell House. 

VIII. Via Niagara Falls, Lewiston 
or Youngstown. Take steamer at 
Lewiston or ferry at Youngstown. See 
routes XI, XII,XIIL Or cross Niagara 
River by ferry at foot Ferry Street for 
Fort Erie, turn right and follow River 
Road. Observe customs regulations. 

IX. Down Main Street, turn left into 
Perry Street, turn right into Michigan 
Street. turn left into Elk Street,out Elk 
to junction with Seneca, turn right into 
Seneca, out Seneca, crossing Street 
R.R. bridge, and turn right into South 
Park Avenue, (South Park Avenue is 
the first street after crossing bridge); 
asphalted by this route to City Line, 
and is nearer than via Abbott Road 
and Triangle Street. The continua- 
tion of South Park Avenue is White's 
Corners Road, and leads direct to 
Limestone Hill, Blasdell and Ham- 
burg. 

X. Same as route IX to Limestone 
Hill, and instead of continuing straight 



on at Limestone, turn right on Ridge 
Road, (Father Baker's at top of hill), 
and cross R. R. bridges to first road, 
which is what is called Lake Road, 
turn left and keep straight on out 
Lake Road, which is direct and in 
good condition. 

XI. Delaware Avenue to Tona- 
wanda, thence via River Road ; as- 
phalt to City Line, brick City Line to 
Tonawanda. This is by far the best 
route out of Buffalo for these points. 

XII. Niagara Street to City Line ; 
here the continuation of Niagara Street 
is called River Road, and which leads 
direct to Tonawanda, La Salle, Niag- 
ara Falls, etc. From Buffalo to Ton- 
awanda, this is not particularly a fav- 
orite route, but from Tonawanda down 
it is in good condition. 

XIII. Out Delaware Avenue to 
Chapin Parkway to Lincoln Parkway 
to Park. Through Park to north side 
of Meadow. Here is the starting point 
of the Buffalo and Niagara Falls Bou- 
levard, which is a macadamized road 
leading direct. 

Distance by road to the most popu- 
lar points within a radius of ;,o milts 
from Buffalo : 



PLACE. 


DISTANCF 
IN MII,KS. 


ROl'TE NO, 


Alden, 


i6 


I 


Angola, 


22j4 


X 


Athol Springs, 


lO;^ 


X 


Attica, 


28 


I 


Batavia, 


36 


II 


Bay View, 


9 


X 


Blasdell, 


1% 


IX 


Bowmansville, 


loX 


11 


Brocton, 


49 


X 


Byron via Batavia 


, 46 


II 


clarence, 


18 


V 


Corfu, 


24 


11 


Derby, 


19K 


X 


Depew, 


9;^ 


I 


Dunkirk, 


40 


X 


East Aurora, 


18 


HI 


Ebenezer, 


^Yz 


IV 


Eggertsville, 


7 


V 



2t 



BIC— BLA 



II 



X 

IV 

X 

VII 

X 



La Salle, 



VI 



n.ACE. DISTANCK ROUTl-; NO. 

IN MILES. 

Freclonia, 42 
Gardenville, 7 

Galling, 18 
Grand Island, 7 

Haniburu-on-the- \^ 
Lake, j 

Haniburo-, 13^ 'IX 

Holland,' 28 III 

Idlevvood, 17 X 

Jewettville, 17X III 

fXI, XII 
\ XIII 

Lancaster, 11^ I 

Lake \'ie\v, 16% X 

LeRoy via Batavia, 47 II 

Lewiston. 24 j^xiu" 

Lockport via) 

Williamsville, \ 

Limestone Hill, 5>^ IX 

Marilla, i7;i^ IV 

Medina, 42 II 

Niagara Falls, 22 j^^jn" 

Niagara-t)n-the-Lake,29 VIII 

North Evans, 19 X 

North Tonavvanda, io>^ { "^XIH^^ 
Pine Hill, 5 II 

South Wales, 23 III 

Springbrook, 12^ HI 

/XI, XII 
\ XIII 
fXI. XII 
I XIII 

Wendlings, 8>^ III 

West Seneca, 5^ IX 

Williamsville, 9J5^ V 

Woodlawn Beach, 8;^ X 

/XI, XII 
\ XIII 



i6>^ 



24 
26: 



Suspension Bridge, 23 
Tonawanda. 



10 



Youngstovvn, 



29 



Bicycling. — Of late years this 
sport has become one of the most pop- 
ular in Buffalo. The wheel has long 
since ceased to be a luxury enjoyed by 
the favored few. Men and women, 
old and young, indulge in the exercise, 
and as a cycling city Buffalo occupies 



the first rank. There are over 50,000 
bicycle riders, and many clubs formed 
expressly for the pleasure and promo- 
tion of the sport. There are a number 
of bicycle riding academies where the 
science and art of graceful and perfect 
riding are taught, when after the pupil 
has received from six to ten lessons, or 
even fewer, she may be trusted to spin 
along the public highways. Many of 
the shops where bicycles are sold,, keep 
wheels which may be rented by the 
hour for a reasonable consideration, 
thus visitors in the city without wheels 
are not deprived of the enjoyment. 
Riders are not restricted to any locali- 
ty, but are required to go at a moder- 
ate pace on the city streets and to 
sound an alarm at crossings for the 
safety of pedestrians, and are also sup- 
posed to displav a light on all wheels 
after dark. As Buffalo is favored above 
all other cities, as regards asphalt 
pavements and macadamized roads, 
wheelmen may bowl along for miles 
without fatigue or interruption. 

Black Rock. — Now a part of the 
city, was at one time a rival for the 
commerce and public buildings, city 
and national, of the county seat. It 
takes its name from a rock where the 
first ferry was located before 1800. 
The town of Black Rock was formed 
in 1838, and incorporated within the 
city in 1853. Here are located the 
International Bridge, Internatoinal 
Ferry, several mills, breweries, elevat- 
ors, lumber docks and large manufac- 
turers, including the Buffalo Malleable 
Iron Works, Buffalo Smelting Works, 
Buffalo Co-operative Stove Works, 
and others. A branch of the city post 
office, station B, is located at 67 West 
Forest Avenue. 

Blaisdell. A western suburb of 
Buffalo, 7/^ miles from city, on L. S. 
& M, S. and Nickel Plate railways. 
Trains stop daily each way. It is 



BOA— BOH 



22 



reached by South Park Avenue and 
White's Corners road. 

Boarding". — Ni city has finer high 
class boardino- places than Buffalo. 
The most fashionable houses are found 
on Main Street, Franklin Street and 
Delaware Avenue,there is also a large 
and popular house on Niagara Square. 
These houses are of the expensive 
class and are usually filled with guests 
remaining a length of time and occupy- 
ing a suite or single rooms luxuriantly 
furnished. Reliable and excellent 
boarding places may be found in all 
parts of the city, those on the west side 
being a little more expensive as a rule. 
A well furnished room with good 
board may be had in almost any of the 
desirable streets or avenues at prices 
ranging for one person, from $6 to $12 
per week. There are also a vast num- 
ber of boarding houses with prices 
ranging from $4. to |6, according to the 
house and location of room occupied, 
and even cheaper houses may be 
found. For houses of moderate price, 
Swan, South Division, Ellicott and 
Washington Streets (on the east side). 
Pearl, Niagara, Chippewa, Georgia 
and Morgan Streets (west side). In 
addition to those generally known, 
there are a large number of private 
families who take boarders. Such 
places are of course most desirable, 
and may be had for the uniform prices, 
$6 to |:8 per week. Lodgings or 
" furnished rooms" are recommended, 
as persons stopping in the city tem- 
porarilv, mav not always find it con- 
venient or profitable to reach their 
place of abode during meal time. 
Furnished rooms may be had for from 
1^3 to $s per week, or 75 cents to |ir a 
dav. There are plentx' of places where 
a light lunch is served at all hours of 
the day, thus making this mode of 
living practicable. For further infor- 
mation see Y. M. C. A. directory of 



boarding houses, W. C. T. U., Wom- 
an's Exchange, etc. 

Board of Trade. — The Board of 
Trade, which was organized in 1844, 
formerly occupied a building at the 
foot of Main Street. The stockholders 
of this incorporation own the building 
now occupied by the Buffalo Mer- 
chant's Exchange, which see. 

Boating". — The most accessible 
place for pleasure rowing is the Niag- 
ara River Boats are found and may be 
rented for twenty-five cents per hour, 
at the foot of Porter Avenue, Ferry 
Street, Amherst Street or Hertel Ave- 
nue. Strangers in the city should al- 
ways make a bargain with the boatman 
in advance that there may be a fair 
understanding, thus avoiding any dis- 
pute or chance to overcharge. For 
such as are not good oarsmen we 
would recommend the Buffalo harbor 
as perfectly safe, or better still. Park 
Lake. All along the river as far as 
Navy Island is delightful rowing, but 
the Niagara River having a strong cur- 
rent, it would not be wise for those un- 
familiar with the locality to venture be- 
yond that point, as it is approaching 
the Falls and the river thereabout is 
treacherous. 

Boats. — (See Excursion Boats.) 

Bohemian Sketch Club. — The 

Bohemian Sketch Club was founded 
in December, 1891, and is the only 
art organization in the city which is 
conducted entirely by artists. It holds 
monthly social meetings and exhibi- 
tions at the studios of the artists, for 
the purpose of bringing its associate 
members in closer contact with the 
artists and their work, thereby keep- 
ing up an art interest among the pro- 
fessional and business men of the city. 
Besides the exhibitions, "talks" on 
art subjects, and entertainment by the 
best amateur and professional actors 
and musicians, are the leading features 




BOARD OF TRADE BUILDING 



^3 



of the monthly meetin,8:s. The CUib 
holds its annual exhibitions in the 
gallery of the Fine Arts Academy, 
and gives the only strictly local annual 
exhibition during the year. Unlike 
most art organizations, it is entirely 
self-sustaining, and in February, 1895, 
gave the first exhibition, free to the 
public, every given in the Art Gallery. 
Under the auspices of the Club, a 
fund was raised in August, 1894, to 
send one of its members to Paris, to 
study for two years. The Club has 
never had a President or home. It 
has held monthly meetings and exhi- 
bitions at various places, and four 
annual exhibitions at the Art Gallery. 
The club membership is limited to 150 
members. 

Book Stores. — All the principal 
book stores may be found upon Main 
Street. Otto Ulbrich at 386 Main 
Street, H. H. Otis «& Son, who are 
prominent as dealers in religious 
books, at 284 Main Street ; Ernst 
Besser & Bro. at 544 Main Street, and 
the Peter Paul Book Company, at 420 
Main Street, who are also extensive 
publishers and the leading engravers 
of the city. 

Boot-Blacks. — These may be 
found at almost all corners of the 
business thoroughfares. Many boot- 
blacks provide comfortable chairs for 
the convenience of their patrons, and 
the usual charge for a "shine" is five 
or ten cents. Men who are unwilling 
to have their boots polished upon the 
street may always obtain a like service 
in any of the hotels. 

Boulevards. — (See Drives.) 

Bowling. — At the present time 
bowling is one of the most popular 
sports in the city. In the winter 
months especially is this recreation 
indulged in by all classes of citizens. 
The usual game played is known as 
ten pins. Alleys may be found in 



BOO-BRE 

nearlv every locality and are generally 
run in connection with a saloon, 
tliongh a few exceptions may l)e named. 
Nearly every alley is given up each 
night, from eight until twelve o'clock, 
to club rolls. The clubs generally 
consist of twelve to twenty con- 
genial members, and are formed for 
social purposes, as well as for the 
sport and exercise obtained through 
■the game. There are several hundred 
clubs in the city. A nu-mber of ladies' 
clubs have been formed, which gener- 
ally assemble in the afternoon. Dur- 
ing the day, alleys are always open to 
the public. The fee for each game is 
ten cents, and it is the custom for each 
player to pay for his own game unless 
it is agreed that the loser of the game 
shall pay for the same. There are 
several bowling associations which 
consist of four to twenty clubs, each 
club playing one or more games each 
week. Trophies are offered for a 
season's championship. Buffalo is also 
represented in the Interstate Bowling 
Association by a team selected from 
various clubs of the city. 

Breakwater. — (See Harbor.) 

Breweries. — There are nineteen 
breweries in Bufialo. three distilleries 
and a large number of malt houses. 
In 1863 there were thirty-five breweries 
and their output was 152,000 barrels, 
whereas the annual output of the 
present day is in the neighborhood of 
675.000 barrels per annum. An asso- 
ciation was formed for the purpose of 
protecting the trade in 1873, which is 
known as the Buffalo Brewers Asso- 
ciation. The United States Brewers' 
Convention was held under their 
auspices in 1880. 

Lang's Park Brewery, comer of 
best and Jefferson Streets, is one of 
the oldest in the city. It was built in 
1875, and consists of three brick build- 
ings — the brewery proper, stock house 



BRE— BRO 



24 



and bottling works. They keep 
twenty-two wagons running. It has a 
capacity of 175,000 barrels per annum. 
Magnus Beck Brewing Company, 
North Division and Spring Streets, is 
the second in size, with a capacity of 
150,000 barrels per annum. 

Iroquois Brewery at 230 Pratt 
Street, is a five-story red brick build- 
ing, with white sandstone trimmings, 
entirely fire-proof, and was erected in 
1894. Beer is cooled by two large 
dynamos, and in every way it is one 
of the best equipped breweries in the 
city and one of the largest in the State. 
Annual capacity, 90,000 barrels. 

German American Brewing Co., 
at the corner of Main and High 
Streets, and extending through to 
Washington, is another large brewery. 
The building is eight stores high, with 
a fine tower, and was rebuilt in 1895. 
The company run twenty wagons. 

The Christian Weyand Brew- 
ing Company was established by 
Christian Weyand, in 1866, and was 
incorporated as a company in 1889. 
Situated on Main and Edward Streets, 
it covers an area of 200 feet on Main, 
Washington and Goodell Streets. 
The stock house of the company is 
50 X 176 feet on Ellicott Street above 
Goodell, with a storage capacity of 
40,000 barrels. An important feature 
is the bottling department. 

Buffalo Co-operative Brewing 
Co., High, Michigan and Goodrich 
Streets, have a six-story brick building 
and do a large business. They keep 
sixteen wagons running. 

ZrEGELE Brewing Co., at the cor- 
ner of Washington and Virginia 
Streets, was built in 1888, with capa- 
city to carry on an excellent business. 
This company keeps fifteen wagons 
busy. 

The International Brewing Co. 
is at the Rock, being located at T088 



Niagara Street. It was incorporated 
in 1884, employs about forty men, and 
keeps seven wagons going. Their 
bottling works are at 1076 Niagara 
.Street. 

Star Brewery, which covers a 
ground space 175 x 190 feet on Cherry 
and Spring Streets, has a capacity of 
30,000 barrels, and employs nine 
wagons. An important feature of this 
brewery is its bottling department. 

John Schusler Brewing Com- 
pany (William Simon, proprietor) 
occupy a four-story brick building 
covering an entire block at 127 to 161 
Emslie Street. It was founded in 
i860, and has a capacity of 100,000 
barrels per year. Twenty wagons are 
employed. 

We cannot enumerate the others, 
but this will serve to show that brew- 
ing is one of the large and important 
industries of the city. 

Bridges. — The most important 
bridge within the city limits is the 
International Bridge (which see). The 
Michigan Street Bridge over the Buf- 
falo River is 38 feet wide, has two 
openings of 75 feet each, and when 
completed will cost ^86,700. The Elm- 
wood Avenue Bridge was built in 1895 
of stone and is the finest passenger 
bridge in the city. The various other 
bridges in the city which are of im- 
portance are : the iron bridge over 
Cazenovia Creek at Seneca Street, the 
Ferry Street bridge over the canal, 
which is a drawbridge, and that at the 
foot of Porter Avenue. 

Broadway was formerly called Ba- 
tavia Street, and was the old stage route 
to Batavia, It is a broad street running 
northeast from 421 Washington Street 
to the east city line. The State Arsenal 
is on Broadway between Milnor and 
Potter Streets, The Broadway Market, 
between Gibson and Clark Streets, 
and several large churches. It is 



25 



BRO— BUF 



asphalted, with electric cars runnings to 
the city line. On l^ioadway may be 
found a lart^e number of cheap shops; 
(h^y jioods, milHnery. notions, jewelry, 
etc., and a number of concert halls. 

Broezel House. — The Hotel Bro- 
ezel was built in 1879 ^"<^ 1880, and 
opened to the public April ist, 1S80. 
Its rates are from $3 to $4 per day, 
according- to room and location. The 
Broezel is situated at the corner of 
Seneca, Wells and Carroll Streets and 
one block from the N. Y. C. & H R. 
R. R. station. It is an up-to-date 
building' in all its appointments, being 
practically fire-proof and containing 
about 200 rooms, 50 of which have 
baths. It is used exclusively for hotel 
purposes, having no stores connected 
with it. The ground floor has its 
rotunda, buffet, reading room, billiard 
room, dining room, etc. ; hence the 
entire first floor is given up to the 
guests, which adds very much to their 
comfort and convenience. The Broezel 
is a strictly first-class hotel and largely 
patronized. 

Buffalo Club.— Situated on Dela- 
ware Avenue corner of Trinity Place, 
occupies a handsome brown stone 
building, and is the representative 
men's club of the city. This Club was 
organized in 1867 with ex-president 
Millard Fillmore for its first president, 
and ever since, its history has enrolled 
many names of high rank. The Buf- 
falcj Club is far famed for its elegant 
entertainments and cordial hospitahty. 
Pjufifalonians dine largely at home, so 
while the Club has a fine restaurant 
and 425 members, it does not serve 
many dinners to its members, but 
Saturday night the Club is usually 
crowded, for it is the custom of its 
members to meet over a light supper. 
The resident membership is limited to 
450. The entrance fee is fJioo and the 
annual dues are $50. 



Buffalo. Condensed Facts. 

Arka of City — 42 square miles. 

PoPTLATiON, over 355,000. 

Has 9 theaters, 60 public schools, 
180 churches. 

Has 48 hotels and 5 public markets. 

Has 15 hospitals and infirmaries. 

Has an inexhaustible pure water 
supply. 

Has possession of unlimited electric 
power. 

Has 3,500 manufacturies, 100,000 
operatives. 

Has 800 acres of park and 17 miles 
of park driveways. 

Has 160 miles, perfect system, elec- 
tric street railways. 

Has 700 miles railway tracks, 27 
lines. 

Has 200 miles of asphalted streets. 

Has 51 elevators, etc.; capacity 16,- 
615,000 bushels. 

Has 13 flour mills ; capacity, 8,900 
barrels daily ; barrels manufactured, 
1895, 1.354,523. 

Has the largest coal trestle in the 
world, nearly one mile long. 

Has five iron ore docks. 

Has 21 commercial banks; capital, 
15,750,000; surplus, 14,273,000. 

Has 4 savings banks ; assets, I37,- 
984,079.83. 

Has several libraries, a Fine Arts 
Academy, many clubs, a driving park, 
an Historical Society, a Masonic 
Temple, and a Society of Natural Sci- 
ences. 

Has cheap coal and natural gas in 
abundance. 

Is the most healthful large city in 
the United States. 

Exports by lake, 1895, 2,620,768 
tons coal, 462,618 barrels cement and 
plaster,669,o78 barrels salt, and 1,097,- 
164 barrels sugar. 



BUF 



26 



Coal receipts, 1895, 7,216.586 tons. 

Customs' Receipts, 1S95, $487,- 
052 35- 

PosTOFFiCE receipts. 1895. I659,- 
818 01. 

Lumber receipts, 1895, 632,051,476 
feet. 

Live Stock receipts, 1895, 7,561,- 
666 head. 

Internal Revenue receipts, 1895, 
1920,087.27. 

Grain receipts, 1895. i)y lake, 163,- 
755.128 bushels. 

Flour — lar.^est depotinthe world — 
receipts b\- lake in 1895, 8,971,740 bar- 
rels and packages. 

Vessels arrived in 1895, 5,019 ton- 
nage, 4,793.338 ; vessels cleai'ed in 
1895. 4,956. tonnage, 4,819,085. 

Tonnage of the port, 1895, 384 ves- 
sels, of 18,186,802 tonnage. 

Length of Breakw^ater, 7,600 
feet. 

Rate of Taxation in 1895 — City, 
115.39 on valuation of |;[,ooo. County 
and State, $5 38. 

Buffalo Electrical Society. — 

Branch of Buffalo Society of Natural 
Sciences. Organized on September 
25. 1883. Meetings are held the first 
and third Thursday evenings, in the 
Buffalo Library Building, corner Wash- 
ington Street and Broadway. 

Buffalo I/aw School— was organ- 
ized in 1887, under the auspices of the 
Judiciary and the Bar of the city of 
Buffalo, and was for some years a 
department of Niagara University, but 
in 1891 it severed its relations with 
the University at Suspension Bridge. 
Changes have been made in the organ- 
ization of the School, and it is now 
the Department of Law in the Uni- 
versity of Buffalo. The faculty and 
'erturers upon special topics are either 
iudges now upon the bench, or law- 



yers in active practice, who have ripe 
judgment and a wide experience. The 
advantages of this School are liberally 
recognized and as an educational fac- 
tor in the study of law, has a wide and 
favorable reputation. Students taking 
the course of instruction in this de- 
partment receive the degree of Bach- 
elor of Law. The course of instruc- 
tion occupies two years' time. Each 
year is divided into two terms ol 
seventeen weeks each, beginning the 
first week in October and closing the 
last week in May. In consideration 
that four Courts of General Jurisdic- 
tion are held in Buffalo, the situation 
of a Law School in .the city is most 
favorable. Students thus have the 
opportunity to attend trial of cases 
before judges and juries, and are 
thereby able to acquire knowledge 
touching almost every branch of the 
law. 

Buffalo I/ibrary. — The Buffalo 
Library, formerly known as the Young 
Men's Library, was founded, in a mod- 
est way, as early as 1836, by the Young 
Men's Association of Buffalo, but had 
a struggling e.?cistence and grew very 
slowly for many years. Its first rooms 
were on the upper floors of a building 
on the east side of Main Street, three 
doors below Seneca Street. In 1841 
it was removed to quarters on the 
southerly side of South Division Street, 
between Main and Washington — on 
ground now covered by the Ellicott 
Square Building. Thence it traveled, 
in 1852, to the old American Block on 
Main Street, where it v^'as much more 
agreeably housed, and where it held 
for a dozen years a profitable lease of 
American Hall, then the principal 
audience room of the city for lectures, 
concerts and similar assemblages. In 
1864 a change of much greater import- 
ance was made. Aided by a most 
liberal public subscription, the Young 
Men's Association purchased the St. 



27 



James Hotel and St. James Hall on 
Main, Eao:le and Washington Streets, 
reconstructing- the interior of the hotel 
building- to adapt it to the uses of the 
library, and providing rooms in it, at 
the same time, for the Fine Arts Acad- 
emy, the Historical Society, the Soci- 
ety of Natural Sciences, and some 
other organizations. In this building 
the Library was pleasantly situated 
and had a prosperous growth for 
twenty years, until it had acquired such 
size and value as demanded a larger 
lotiging and one less exposed to the 
dangers of fire. By another public 
subscription, in 1883, the sum of $117,- 
000 was raised, and with that help the 
Association proceeded to erect the 
noble building which now faces La- 
fayette Square, on Washington Street, 
between Clinton Street and Broadway, 
and which shelters the Buffalo Library, 
the Fine Arts Academy.the Society of 
Natural Sciences and the Historical 
Society. The building was finished 
and occupied in the early part of 1887. 
Its cost,exclusive of ground, was about 
1328,000. The Association retained 
ownership of the property it had va- 
cated on Main and Eagle Streets, 
restored it to its original use as a hotel, 
and named it the "Richmond." Six 
months later the hotel and the adjoin- 
ing St. James Hall were destroyed by 
fire, and were replaced, at heavy cost 
to the Association, by the fire-proof 
Hotel Iroquois. The new library 
building is likewise of fire-proof con- 
struction throughout. The number of 
books now contained in the Library, 
(February, 1896) is about 81.000; pam- 
l^hlets, 10,000. For purposes of ref- 
erence and reading within its rooms, 
tlie Library is entirely free to the pub- 
he ; but only members of the Associa- 
tion and T, 000 selected school children 
;ire permitted to draw books for use at 
h(Hne. Th(^ institution has no support 
from public ftmds, but is maintained in 
part by dues {$t, per year) Collected 



BUF 

from its members, in part by the income 
from a permanent library fund, and in 
part by the rental of the Hotel Iro- 
quois ; but the great debt incurred in 
building the latter creates an interest- 
charge which consumes the larger 
part of the revenue from that source. 
The total income of the Library is far 
short of its needs, but it does a work 
of great importance. 

BuiFalo Microscopical Club.— 

Branch of Buffalo Society of Natural 
Siences. Organized in 1875. Regular 
meetings are held every second Tues- 
day evening in each month ( July and 
August excepted) at the Buffalo Libra- 
ry Building, corner of Washington 
Street and Broadway. 

Buffalo Otyaan Asylum. — This 
institution was mcorporated on April 
24, 1837. The Asylum began its life 
poor. Its first public appeal was 
through an exhibition of the children 
of the Asylum in the First Presbyterian 
Church in May, 1837. Its methods for 
raising funds have been various, but 
the one which enlisted the widest pub- 
lic interest and brought the largest 
result, was an Old Folks' Festival. 
This festival was held for a series ot 
days and evenings in the old St. James 
Hall, which was burned in 1887. The 
net proceeds were distributed among 
the different Protestant charities. The 
share that fell to the Orphan Asylum, 
in 1865, was $2,439.50; in 1866 its 
share was 13,071.81, and when Jenny 
Lind visited Buffalo she warbled $500 
more in the treasury of the Asylum. 
During its first year it rented a home 
on Franklin Street. Afterwards for a 
year it occupied a house on Seneca 
Street. In 1840 it leased a building on 
Niagara Street, near Carolina, which 
was the last of its rented homes. In 
1845 the Asylum purchased the prop- 
erty of the old Buffalo Literary and 
Scientific Academy, located on Main 
Street, at the corner of Virginia. It 



BUF— BUI 



28 



was at once occupied by the Asylum 
as a temporary home. They were 
then the owners of the property on 
Virginia Street, where the Asylum is 
now located. Mr. LeCouteulx, a na- 
tive of Rouen, France, a loyalist dur- 
ing the French Revolution, who was 
banished from France by the Consular 
Government of Napoleon, became a 
naturalized citizen of the United States, 
settling in Buffalo. He was a member 
of the Roman Catholic Church, and 
left the St. Louis Society the splendid 
property between Main Street and 
Delaware Avenue, and also endowed 
the Buffalo Orphan Asylum, so in him 
the destitute children in the City of 
Buffalo had a generous benefactor. 
In 185 1 they were prepared to begin 
the erection of an Asylum on their own 
property. By the sale of the Academy 
lands for the purposes of the Sisters' 
Hospital, and the Buffalo University 
for the use of a Medical College, to- 
gether with a gift of $20,000 from the 
State, private donations, etc., it had 
funds for the enterprise. In 1852 it 
removed to its new building, 403 Vir- 
ginia Street, where it has remained up 
to the present time. An important ad- 
dition was made in 1878, when an in- 
fant ward was added at a cost of |lio.- 
000. The Asylum is a large brick and 
stone building, four stories high. The 
number of children cared for each 
year average from 115 to 120. There 
is an excellent children's library and a 
quantity of periodical literature is also 
provided. The As3lum grounds are 
rather limited and this deprives the 
little ones of an unrestricted enjoy- 
ment of out-door life, so that the sum- 
mer f)Uting is the event which is most 
eagerly watched for by the children. 
The institution has always been under 
the management of capable citizens, 
and has been liberally supported by 
private donations and bequests from 
the generous residents of Buffalo and 
neighboring towns. It not only fur- 



nishes an excellent home for orphans 
and needy children in its own building, 
but under its charter is authorized to 
give for adoption such children as are 
surrendered to it. 

Buffalo River. — (See Harbor and 
Steamboats.) 

Buffalo Seminary. — The Buffalo 
Seminary was chartered in 185 1 and 
graduated its first class in 1852. For 
many years the number of students in 
attendance has averaged over 200. 
The curriculum provides for the in- 
struction of pupils of all ages, from 
kindergarten to college, those who 
complete the course receiving the 
diploma of the school. The alumnae 
who now number over 500, organized 
themselves in 1876, into an association 
which has become one of the most 
prominent literary clubs of the city. 
The Seminary occupies a spacious 
building — Goodell Hall — planned and 
built solely for school uses — and a fine 
old residence of stone which was once 
the home of the first mayor of Buffalo. 
It has a broad frontage on Delaware 
Avenue and the rear of the property 
faces Johnson Park. The school has 
a very superior equipment in all de- 
partments and employs a faculty of 
twenty members, drawn chiefly from 
the colleges and training schools of 
high rank. 

Buffalo "Whist Club, a social club 
for the pleasure and promotion of 
whist, was organized on March 24, 
1894, and incorporated April 26 of the 
same year. The club occupy rooms 
at 584 Main Street and has about 75 
members. The club rooms are open 
every afternoon and evening, with reg- 
ular meetings the first Monday of each 
month. 

Builders' ^Exchange. — The pres- 
ent Buffalo Builders' Exchange As 
sociation is an admirable evolution 
of an idea that has progressed 



29 



BUI 



by slow and precarious processes 
for over a quarter of a century. In 
February, 1867, the representatives 
of twenty-two firms, in response to a 
call issued by by Mr. Joseph Cluirch- 
yard, since deceased, resolved to form 
an association called the Builders' 
Association of Buffalo, the object 
being to bring them together in more 
intimate and social relations, to check 
the bitterness of rivalry, that the skill 
and knowledge of each would in a 




great degree be acquired by all, 
thereby increasing their usefulness to 
the community in which we live. 
Through the efforts of a few, the 
organization was held together, al- 
though at times it seemed as if it 
should have to go out of existence on 
account of lack of interest. In 1887 
it joined the National Association of 
lUiilders, and through that organiza- 
tion it was learned how exchanges 
were conducted in other cities, and it 



was decided that to receive any prac- 
tical benefits from such an association, 
it was necessary to become incorpor- 
ated. This was done, and the organ- 
ization started with a new lease of life. 
At the reorganization it was provided 
there should be two classes of mem- 
bers — corporate and non-corporate; ; 
the corporate members being the man- 
agers of the Exchange, and the mem- 
bership in this class being confined I0 
those actually engaged in one of the 
mechanical trades necessary to the 
erection of a building. The oth<*r 
class to be known as non-corporate, 
and embracing within its membership 
those engaged in branches of business 
subsidiary to the mechanical traOi(;s 
represented in the corporation, it 
was also decided that the Exchange 
should meet daily between the hours 
of II A. M. and 12 M. as a Board of 
Trade, the object being to have some 
place at which builders and supply 
men could be certain of seeing each 
other, as well as for the accommoda- 
tion of architects and the public at 
large. As builders are certainly a 
class hard to find, their business being 
scattered in all sections of the city, it 
had become necessary to have some 
central point and stated hour when 
they could be seen. The success 
attained by the Association made it 
necessary that it should own a home 
of its own, having up to this time 
lived in rented quarters in different 
localities. In March, 1891, a lot was 
purchased at the northwest corner of 
Court and Pearl Streets, and the eight 
story brick and stone building now 
occupied by the Exchange erected. 
On September 6th, 1892, the builders 
moved into, and dedicated their new 
home. This step was undoubtedly 
one of the most important that could 
have been taken by the Exchange, as 
it has brought the Association much 
more prominently before the public, 
at the same time giving them a posi- 



BUS— CAM 



30 



tion among the business associations 
of the city, which up to this time they 
had not attained. The organization 
is composed of over two hundred of 
the leading contractors and supply 
men of the city, embracing all branches 
of the building trades. All wishing 
to see contractors in any branch of the 
building business can always do so 
between the hours. of 11 a. m. and 
12 M. In connection with the Ex- 
change, there has been opened on the 
gound floor an exhibit room of build- 
ers' materials and supplies ; this is 
open free to the public from 8 a. m. to 
5 P-M. 

Business Colleges.— The Bry- 
ant & Stratton Business College 
is one of the oldest institutions of the 
character in the country, and occupies 
a brick building at 54 West Genesee 
Street, erected especially for school 
purposes. The College was organized 
in 1854 and is well and favorably 
known, having graduated hundreds of 
successful business men. The ses- 
sions are from 8.30 a. m. to 5 p. m. 
daily, with evening classes from 7 to 9. 

Caton's Business College, at 
460-466 Main Street, is open for in- 
struction daily from 8.30 a.m. to 5 
p. M., with classes in the evening from 
7.30 to 9 o'clock. The enrollment of 
students is about four hundred. 

Buffalo Business University 
was opened on March i, 1886, under 
the name of Clark's Business College, 
in the Coal and Iron Exchange on 
Washington Street. In May, 1889, it 
had quarters in the Miller Building, 
10-16 West Mohawk Street, where it 
remained till May i, 1896, when the 
College was removed to Ellicott 
Square, where it now is. It has been 
under the same management ever 
since it was opened. The College 
can accommodate from two hundred 
and fifty to three hundred students, 



and teaches all the English branches, 
with special classes in book-keeping, 
typewriting and shorthand. 

There are a large number of private 
schools in the city for the same pur- 
pose, but the above-named colleges 
comprise the largest and most prac- 
tical institutions. 

Business Men's Associations. 

— The Black Rock Business Men's 
Association was organized in March, 
1888, and has 70 members. They meet 
at i860 Niagara Street. 

North Buffalo Business Men's 
Association was organized in 1895 
and numbers about 65 members. 

There are other associations of a 
like nature founded to promote special 
interests, such as the Buffalo Brick 
Manufacturers' Association, Buffalo 
Local Vessel Owners' Association, 
Buffalo Lumber Exchange, Buffalo 
Park Association, Buffalo Produce 
Exchange, Builders' Association Ex- 
change, Butchers' Association, Cold 
Spring Business Men's Association, 
East Buffalo Live Stock Association, 
East Buffalo Live Stock Exchange 
Company, Erie County Undertakers' 
Association, Highland Park Citizens' 
Association, Mason Contractors' Asso- 
ciation, Master Painters' Association, 
Master Steam Fitters' Association, 
Merchant Tailors' Exchange, Milk 
Dealers' Protective Association, Plan- 
ing Mill and Wood Workers' Associa- 
tion, Real Estate and Brokers' Board, 
and South Buffalo Business Men's 
Association, 

Camera Club. — The Buffalo Cam- 
era Club was organized October loth, 
1888. Meetings are held in the club 
rooms. Palace Arcade, on the second 
and fourth Friday of each month. 
The club is a member of the Ameri- 
can Lantern Slide Interchange, and 
has a number of entertainments and 
lantern exhibitions for its members and 



31 



CAN-CAT 



triends, durinij the winter season, and 
an outing in the summer season. 
Studio, dariv room and apparatus free 
to members and guests. The club 
holds annual prize exhibitions. The 
membership is one hundred. 

Canisius College. — On Washing- 
ton Street, between Chippawa and 
Tupper Streets, was founded in 1870, 
and chartered in 1883. by the Regents 
of the University of the State of New 
York, and is the largest college in Buf- 
falo. Its object is to afford Catholic 
youth the facilities for securing a 
classical education. The scholastic 
year consists of one session, which be- 
gins on the first Wednesday of Sep- 
tember and closes towards the end ot 
June, when the annual commencement 
and the distribution of prizes take 
place. The course of instruction con- 
tains an academic and a collegiate de- 
partment. The college admits both 
boarding scholars and day scholars, 
the instruction being the same for all 
students. All boarders wear the col- 
lege uniform. The college building, 
of brick and stone, is three stories 
high, frontage over 300 feet, contain- 
ing spacious recitation rooms, study, 
recreation halls and dormitories. The 
college hall is equipped with a set of 
apparatus gymnastics. There is a 
handsome chapel adjoining the col- 
ege. 

Canoeing" — Buffalo has a fine 
Canoe Club with a hundred registered 
ed members. The Buffalo Canoe 
Club was organized in 1883 with a 
membership of two. It has now reach- 
ed its limit : one hundred members. 
It has two club houses ; one at the 
foot of Hamilton Street, Buffalo, for 
the use of members coming down the 
River. The other, and main club 
house, is situated on Abino Bay, On- 
tario, about a mile west of the Crystal 
Beach landing. This House has sleep- 
ing accomodation for 40 ; a competent 



staff of servants, during tiie summer 
months, and a boat house for the fleet. 
The Regattas of the B. C. C, of which 
six are held in a season are quite a 
feature. The fleet is made up of 
canoes, row boats, sailing skiffs and 
"half raters." The club possesses 
two 25 foot war canoes carrying about 
14 people, and each year a cruise 
is made with these two canoes 
down the River to Chippewa Creek, 
up the Creek to Welland, through the 
VVelland Canal to Port Colborne. and 
from there to the club house. 



Car lyines. 

Routes.) 



-(See Street Railway 



Cathedral. — (See St. Josephs's Ca- 
thedral.) 

Catholic Club of BuiFalc— Was 

organized in June 1894. Their club 
rooms are on the third floor of the 
Catholic Institute building, corner 
Main and Chippewa Streets. Their ob- 
ject is purely social, a place for Catho- 
lic young men to gather and spend the 
evening in conversation or games of 
some kind. A buffet is attached. 
The anti-treating custom is working 
well in their midst. The club rooms 
are open daily from 3 to 12 p. m. 

Catholic Home. — This institution 
situated at 64 Franklin Street, is a 
home for girls and women when out 
of employment, where they are wel- 
come to remain, free of charge until 
they are able to secure work. The 
Sisters in charge assisting the petition- 
er in every way. 

Catholic Institute. —At 597 Main 
Street, corner of Chippewa, is a free 
public library. On October i, 1866, 
about thirty Catholic young men met 
and organized the German Catholic 
Young Men's Association. Its object 
was to maintain a library and reading 
room, lectures, debates, etc., and in 



CAZ-CEN 32 

every way possible, promote the moral 
and intellectual growth of its members. 
On May 23, 1872, the institution be- 
came incorporated by an Act of Legis- 
lature. In November, 1874, its present 
site was purchased. By an Act of Leg- 
islature on June 6, 1877, it became a 
Free Public Library. The library has 
6700 volumes, the best magazines and 
periodicals, all local papers and fra- 
ternal organs. The library is open 
from 9 A. M. to 9 P. M., except holidays 
and Good Fridays. Dues are |2.oo 
per year. Lady's Junior $1.00 per 
year. Life membership $30,00. The 
membership is about 800. The Insti- 
tute has an endowment fund to which 
is added all money received in fee 
from life members, the interest of same 
being used to purchase books. 

Casjenovia Park.— (See Parks). 

Cemeteries. — The following is a 
list of cemeteries in the city and vi- 
cinity : 

Beth Jacob Cemetery, Pine Hill. 

Buffalo City Cemetery, (Forest 
Lawn). 

Buffalo Private Cemetery, 
North, corner Best and Masten, 

Cemetery of the Evangelical 
Association, Walden Avenue, near 
Erie Junction Railway crossing. 

Cemetery of St. John's Church, 
(German Evangelical Lutheran), Wal- 
den Avenue, Pine Hill. 

Cemetery of St. Matthew's 
Church (junction Swan and Seneca), 
Clinton Street, at Buffalo River. 

Concordia Cemetery, Walden 
Avenue, near Erie Junction Railway 
crossing. Three Lutheran Evangel- 
ical congregations use this cemetery. 

Delaware Avenue Cemetery, 
Delaware Avenue, corner Hertel Ave- 
nue. 



Holy Cross Cemetery (Catholic), 
Limestone Hill. 

Holy Rest Cemetery (German 
Lutheran Trinity), Walden Avenue, 
near Erie Junction Railway crossing. 

Howard Free Cemetery, Lime- 
stone Hill, south of Holy Cross Cem- 
etery. 

Mount Hope Cemetery, Walden 
Avenue, Pine Hill. 

Reed's Cemetery, Limestone Hill, 
near Holy Cross Cemetery. 

Reservatiom Cemetery, near old 
Indian Church. 

St. Adelbert's Cemetery, Pine 
Hill. 

St. Francis Xavier Ceimetery, 
Niagara, near City Line. 

St. John's Cemetery, Military 
Road, near New York Central Rail- 
road crossing. 

St. Joseph's Cemetery (Roman 
Catholic), Main, south of Erie County 
Almshouse. 

Synagogue Beth El Cemetery, 
Pine Hill. 

Temple Beth Zion Cemetery, 
Pine Hill. 

United French and German Ro- 
man Catholic Cemetery Associa- 
tion, Pine Hill, East Delevan Ave- 
nue, near City Line. 

Zion's Church CexMetery, Wal- 
den Avenue, Pine Hill. 

Some of these cemeteries are de- 
scribed under their proper heading. 

Central Park. — This land is situ- 
ated directly to the east of North 
Park, or Park Lake. It is bounded 
by Parkside Avenue, Main Street, 
Amherst Street and Belt Line. It is 
one of the new resident sections of the 
city, and is building up very fast. All 
the streets have sewer and water con- 
nections, and at Central Park is the 
finest station on the Belt Line. 



33 



CHA— CHE 



Charity Organisation. — The 
Charity Organization Society of Buf- 
falo was organized on December ii, 
1877, and incorporated November 27, 
1879. It has the honor of being the 
first society of its kind in America. 
The object of the Society is to secure 
a systematic and intelHgent distribu- 
tion of pubHc charities. They thor- 
oughly investigate all cases of persons 
going to them for assistance, and to 
such as are deserving, relief is given. 
They also procure employment for 
needy persons who are capable and 
willing to work, thus promoting the 
general welfare of the poor. The 
Society has records of between four- 
teen and fifteen thousand families 
which have come under its care and it 
is in many ways the center of the char- 
itable work of this large city. The 
central office is at the Fitch Institute, 
165 Swan Street, with a branch office 
at 287 Pearl Street. The Charity 
Organization Society operates the 
Fitch Creche, the Fitch Accident 
Hospital, the Fitch Provident Dispen- 
sary, the Penny Savings Fund, and a 
training school for domestics, and ex- 
pects to open a laundry school in the 
near future. The city is divided into 
church districts ; 70 of these have been 
accepted by that number of churches, 
who look after special features of the 
work. 

Chautauqua, 66 miles from Buf- 
falo, center of the Chautauqua Read- 
ing Circle, and the original of fifty 
Chautauquas in the United States and 
Great Britain, was founded in 1874, 
and has become an important factor 
in our national life. The town of 
Chautauqua, occupying well-wooded, 
naturally terraced land, at a beautiful 
point on the northern shore of Chau- 
taucjua Lake, contains more than five 
hundred attractive cottages, a well- 
equipped hotel, and many other build- 
ings which are used for public exer- 



cises, lectures, and recitations. The 
streets are well laid out and carefully 
swept ; the water supply is pure and 
abundant ; a system of sewers drains 
the entire town ; the climate is cool 
and invigorating. Chautauqua is near 
the northern end of Chautauqua Lake 
in southwestern New York. The Erie 
system connects Lake wood (12 miles 
by steamer from Chautauqua, with 
New York, Boston, Chicago, and 
Cincinnati. The Lake Shore route, 
via. Brocton and Mayville (at head of 
lake) brings passengers from all points 
east and west. The Western New 
York and Pennsylvania Railroad 
passes, via. Mayville, to both Buffalo 
and Pittsburg. The Hotel Athenaeum 
was built to meet a demand for a 
hotel of the first grade. The cuisine 
is excellent ; the service prompt and 
courteous. There are parlors, tele- 
graph office, barber-shop, baths, ele- 
vator, electric bells, etc. Open June 
20 to September i. A large number 
of well-kept boarding cottages provide 
good board and lodging at reasonable 
prices. There is also a limited num- 
ber of furnished cottages which may 
be rented for the season, Chautauqua 
is a city where municipal functions are 
extended to include free public in- 
struction and entertainment. This 
expense is defrayed by a system of 
taxation which falls upon all within 
the town. The tariff varies from 40 
cents for one day to $s for the entire 
season. 

Chautauqua I/iterary and Sci- 
entific Circle was organized in 1878, 
at Chautauqua, N. Y., and now num- 
bers about 25,000 readers. The plan 
includes a general four years' course 
in history, literature, science and art. 
There are twenty-six branches in Buf- 
falo, with a main "office at 75 West 
Genesee Street. 

Cheektowaga. — A town of Erie 
County, directly east of Buffalo and 



CHI— CHR 34 

west of Lancaster. It is densely popu- 
lated on the city side, and is properly 
part of the city. Formed as a town in 
J829. 

Children's Aid Society. — See 

^Newsboys' and Bootblacks' Home. 

Children's Hospital, organized 
in 1892. This hospital, devoted ex- 
clusively to the care of children, has 
two large wards capable of containing 
twenty beds each. In 1893, fifty-five 
children were received into the hospital 
and the seven endowed free beds were 
constantly in use. Hard working par- 
ents with large families, or widows in 
destitute circumstances, who, in spite 
of every effort to honestly sustain their 
families, are not able to secure for a 
sick or crippled child proper care and 
treatment, have found the use of these 
free beds of great value and assist- 
ance. The price charged for board is 
$7.00 per week, but in some cases 
where the parents are unable to pay 
the amount, the charge has been re- 
duced to $5.00. Such matters are left 
entirely to the wisdom of the Presi- 
dent of the hospital and the attending 
staff. Most of the children sent to this 
hospital are suffering from diseases 
which require surgical treatment. The 
institution is maintained by local con- 
tributions and the interest taken in it is 
very hearty. The hospital is located 
at 219 Bryant Street. 

Chippewa Market. — See Wash- 
ington Market, 

Christian Associations — A num- 
ber of the important Christian Asso- 
ciations are given below: 

Young Men's Christian Associa- 
tion, Mohawk, corner Pearl Street 
— (which see). 

German Department, Young 
Men's Christian Association, Gen- 
esee, corner Spring Street. 



Railroad Department, Young 
Men's Christian Association, Elli- 
cott, corner Exchange Street. 

Buffalo City and Erie County 
Bible Society, incorporated May 7, 

1888. 

Guard of Honor Library and 
Christian Institute, 620 and 622 
Washington Street. Open daily from 
3 p. M. to 9.30 p. M. 

St. John's Young Men's Chris- 
tian Association of North Buf- 
falo. Meets alternate Thursday 
evenings at Ortner's Hall, 1995 Niag- 
ara Street. 

St. Mary's Young Men's Cath- 
olic Association. Meets quarterly 
at St. Mary's Schoolhouse, Pine, near 
Broadway. 

St. Michael's Young Men's So- 
dality. Meets second and fourth 
Sunday evenings at St. Michael's 
Chapel, Washington Street. 

St. Vincent de Paul Confer- 
ence OF St. Michael's Roman 
Catholic Chuch. 

Woman's Christian Association, 
(which see) No. 10 Niagara Square. 

The Woman's Missionary So- 
ciety OF the Presbytery of Buf- 
falo. 

Christian Homestead Associa- 
tion was incorporated March 14th, 
1 89 1, the work being founded by a gift 
of ^10,000 from one of Buffalo's citi- 
zens. The double five-story brick 
building at Nos. 84 and 86 Lloyd 
Street was purchased at that time. 
The four upper floors of the building 
are devoted to bedrooms and dormi- 
tories, there being provided 150 enam- 
eled iron bedsteads, with woven wire 
mattresses and an abundance of cover- 
ings, and at the side of each bed an in- 
dividual wardrobe or locker. On the 
top floor is an air-tight fumigating 
room, through which process all of the 



bedding passes at regular intervals. 
One side of the lower floor is devoted 
to the purpose of a reading room, con- 
taining tables which are well supplied 
with papers, periodicals, etc. In a 
part of this large room is an office, 
constantly presided over by an assist- 
ant, by whom locker keys and beds 
are checked out with the system of a 
hotel. Stationery is supplied free of 
charge to the guests. There is a stor- 
age room for their bulkier possessions, 
and every convenience is provided. 
In the other half of the lower floor is 
carried on a restaurant, likewise pre- 
sided over constantly by an assistant. 
This is the poor man's hotel, and he is 
proud of the order and cleanliness 
here maintained. Here clean and 
comfortable lodgings and wholesome 
food are supplied at the lowest pos- 
sible cost, removed from the tempta- 
tions surrounding ordinary cheap lodg- 
ing-houses. The lodging house was 
open on November i6th, 1891, and the 
restaurant feature was an addition to 
the work, opened on the first of the 
following April, 1892. At some sea- 
sons of the year the capacity of the 
lodging house is very inadequate, 
while the average number of lodgers 
per night is 130, and in the restaurant 
there has been served an average of 
400 meals daily at from 3 to 15 cents. 
The Rescue Mission feature of this 
work was commenced in rented rooms 
at No. 163 Canal Street, in June, 1891, 
only a few months after the incorpora- 
tion of the Association in Rescue Mis- 
sion. 

Church Home. — Situated on the 
corner of Rhode Island Street and 
Front Avenue is a home for aged and 
destitute females, which was opened 
in 1858. The objects of this institu- 
tion is to find shelter for infirm and in- 
digent persons. In the spring of 1866 
an orphanage was added, and today it 
cares for over a hundred children. 



35 CHU— CIT 

The Home is in charge of the deacon- 
esses of the Episcopal Church and is 
one of the charities established by the 
Church Charity Fundation. 

Church of Christ, have the fol- 
lowing places of worship in this city. 

Richmond Avenue Church of 
Christ (Disciples), Richmond Avenue 
corner Bryant Street. 

Jefferson Street Church of 
Christ (Disciples), Jefferson Street 
near E. Utica. 

Forest Ave. Church of Christ 
(Disciples) Corner West Forest Ave- 
nue and DeWitt Street. 

The Church of Christ (Scientist), 
Jersey Street near Prospect Avenue. . 

Central Church of Christ 
(Scientist). Services at 20th Century 
Club, Delaware Avenue above Allen 
Street. 

Church Unions.— A number of the 
church denominations maintain un- 
ions. The Buffalo Baptist Union was 
incorporated in 1884 ; the Methodist 
Episcopal Union was incorporated in 
1885; and the Presbyterian Union, in- 
corporated in 1885. 

City and County Hall. — The 

headquarters of the City and County 
Governments is a handsome three 
story granite building, occupying the 
square bounded by Delaware Avenue, 
Franklin, Church and Eagle Streets, 
and cost $1,500,000 00. This building 
was completed and formally dedicated 
and occupied in 1876, at which time it 
was judged much too large for the 
occupancy of all the City and County 
offices. Within ten years from the 
date of its first occupation, however, 
public business had begun to outgrow 
it and some eight years ago, owing to 
the pressure for more room, a brick 
and brown stone three story annex, 
known as the Municipal Building, was 
erected on Delaware Avenue. This 



CIT 



36 



too, however, has in its turn proved 
inadequate by the constantly growing 
needs of pubHc business and plans 
have been drawn for the addition of a 
fourth story to the present handsome 
City Hall. It is stated by the architect 
who has these plans in hand and who 
designed the original drawings, that it 
will add to rather than detract from 
the general beauty of the building. 
Owing to the sagacious administration 
of the commissioners in charge, the 
Hall was built for less than the stip- 
u 1 a t e d amount. The woodwork 
throughout the building is black wal- 
nut, the stairs are iron with wainscoting 
of marble. It has a fine tower 200 
feet high, having an illuminated four- 
dial clock, the dials of which are each 
nine feet in diameter. The statues on 
the tower, which are also granite, are 
each sixteen feet high. The building 
is surrounded by a beautiful well-kept 
lawn and flowering shrubbery. Every 
visitor to the city will be amply re- 
warded for the time spent in the City 
and County Hall, from the tower of 
which may be seen Buffalo, Lake Erie, 
Niagara River, and in the distance the 
Canadian shores. Visitors may go 
through the building between the hours 
of 8.30 A. M. and 4.30 p. M. daily. The 
departments in the City Hall are as 
follows : 

First Floor — Board of Public 
Works, City Treasurer. Comptroller, 
City Clerk, Park Commissioners, Cor- 
oners and " Press " Headquarters, 
Superintendent of Streets, Sheriff", 
County Clerk, Surrogate, County 
Treasurer. 

Second Floor — Mayor, Chief En- 
gineer. Supreme Court, (part 3,) Assess- 
ors, District Attorney, Grand Jury, 
Supreme Court Chambers, Commis- 
sioner of Jurors, County Judge, County 
Court, Supreme Court, (part i,) Law 
Library, Judges' Private Consulting 
Room, Supreme Court Chambers, 



Supreme Court, Special Term, Su- 
perior Court Records. 

Third Floor — Board of Council- 
men, Board of Aldermen, Court Juries, 
Corporation Counsel, Supreme Court, 
Equity Term, Justices, Supreme Court, 
(part 2,) Supervisors, County Auditor. 

City Clerk's Department.— 

This is a branch of the government of 
the City of Buffalo which has charge 
of exceedingly important official mat- 
ters, and in which, through careless- 
ness or inadvertence, mistakes may be 
made, and have been made, the 
results of which have been far- 
reaching and of great expense to 
the taxpayers. As at present con- 
ducted, this office is a model of busi- 
ness methods, systematic conduct of 
public business, and has come to be 
looked to as a department of the City 
Government, where the visitor seeking 
information will be treated with the 
utmost courtesy and his requests com- 
plied with, with cheerfulness and alac- 
rity. In this office are prepared ad- 
vertisements of notices of intention, 
an error in which might be fatal to 
important assessment rolls, and here 
also are prepared for the printer the 
complex proceedings of the Common 
Council, and from this office are di- 
rected the details of Buffalo's elec- 
tions. During the last three years the 
office has been rehabilitated in the 
public sight, and many important 
municipal documents have originated 
with the City Clerk, which have been 
of vast benefit to the City of Buffalo, 
setting forth in attractive and readable 
form its growth, its advantages, its 
central location and its possession of 
that unique industrial treasure, the 
Falls of Niagara, to furnish the horse 
power for its manufactories. 

City Government. — The new city 
charter became operative on January 
I, 1892, Buffalo is governed by a 
Mayor and Board of Aldermen, 



THE PETER PAUL 
BOOK COMPANY 



AVE not only a large stock of BOOKS 
to fill orders from but have the connections 
with all publishing houses of this country 
and abroad which only a long business ^fe can 
form^e^The facilities offered by the post-office 
practically gives us 

A BRANCH IN EVERY CITY, TOWN AND VILLAGE 
IN THE UNITED STATES 




All mail orders promptly filled and all questions 
regarding Books replied to at once* ^ If you 
have not an account with us, send us the adver- 
tised price of the book and we will return you 
the amount of the discount — our prices being 
much lower than those of the publishers* 

WWW 

THE PETER PAUL BOOK COMPANY 

420 MAIN STREET, BUFFALO 



37 



one of the latter being sent from each 
of the 25 wards, and nine Councihnen 
are elected by the entire city. The 
principal municipal officers are the 
Mayor, Comptroller, Clerk, Attorney, 
Treasurer, Park Commissioners, Board 
of Public VV^orks, Fire, Police and Ex- 
cise Conmiissioners, Superintendent 
of Education, with a Board of Exam- 
iners, Assessors. Overseer of the Poor, 
Chief of Fire Department, Commis- 
sioners and Board of Health, Police 
Justices and Municipal Court Judg^es. 
As constituted today, Buffalo is one of 
the best governed cities in the world. 

City Ship Canal. —The most im- 
portant harbor ship canal, runnino- 
from the foot of Canal Street, to the 
Lehigh Valley Railroad Coal Docks 
on Tifft Farm, sometimes known as 
the Blackwell Canal. 

Civil Service Commissioners.— 

The Civil Service Commission of 
the City ot Buffalo was organized in 
1S84. The Commissioners appointed 
hold examinations, and all persons 
seeking appointment to office must 
first pass this examination ; having 
passed such creditably, their names are 
placed on record, and when appoint- 
ments are made the name appearing 
first upon the list is usually given the 
preference. These examinations are 
iield at the discretion of the Board of 
Examiners. Meetings of the Board 
are held monthly. 

Civil Service Reform Associa- 
tion. — Is located at the Fitch Institute, 
165 Swan Street, and was organized 
June 15. iS8r. The Association is for 
the furtherance of civil service, or the 
appointment of persons to office by 
the merit system. They have some 
400 members and is one of the oldest 
associaticjus in the country. Meetings 
ore held monthly and the dues are 
1 1. 00 a year. 



CIT— CLI 

Cleveland Boats. — The Cleve- 
land and Buffalo Transit Company, 
(C. & B, Line), run two large boats 
between Cleveland and Buffalo ; The 
State of Ohio and The City of Buffalo. 
Steamers leave Buffalo at 8.30 p. m., 
and arrive in Cleveland at 8.30 a. m., 
the next morning ; boats leaving 
Cleveland for Buffalo at the same 
hours. These steamers carry both 
passengers and freight. The round 
trip is 13.50. The costs of berths are 
as follows : Upper berth, ^i.oo ; lower, 
|r,5o; stateroom, I2.50. The office 
of the company is at Ohio and Illinois 
Streets. 

Cleveland Democracy.— A poli- 
tical organization of prominent Demo- 
crats, very active during presidential 
campaigns. 

Climate. — The statistics of the 
local weather bureau show that its 
conditions compare favorably with 
any city in the same climatic zone. 
It can boast of being one of the most 
pleasantly habitable cities in the 
world. The temperature rarely goes 
below 10 degrees above zero or rises 
above 80 degrees, and these instances 
are but in extreme cases. The spring 
season of Buffalo is shorter than at 
surrour ''ing cities, due to lodgment of 
ice in the harbor during the winter. 
The summers are much cooler than in 
surrounding cities, due to the fact that 
the southwest wind, which is the pre- 
vailing direction, comes from the lake, 
that body of water having a greater 
capacity for heat than land, is there- 
fore much cooler than a land breeze. 
The fall season is much longer and 
more uniform than at all other sta- 
tions, because the lake, which has 
been heated up during the summer, 
retains its heat longer than the land, 
hence the southwest wind passing 
over it, brings a warm, mild atmos- 
phere, whereas other sections are ex- 
periencing quite cold weather. The 



CLU-COA 



38 



winters are more uniform than most 
lake cities, because when the lake has 
become frozen over and the ice re- 
mains at a temperature of about 32°, 
the temperature of the air away from 
the lake's influence falls to twenty and 
sometimes to thirty degrees below 
zero, whereas the ice being warmer 
than the air during severe cold weather 
keeps our atmosphere warmer. 

Clubs. — There are a vast number of 
clubs in Buffalo, all told. Probably 
few people outside those actively en- 
gaged in the governing of the various 
bodies called clubs, have any idea of 
the great amount of money and time 
it takes to run a large one. The most 
expensive clubs are the Buffalo Club, 
Saturn Club, University Club and the 
Ellicott Club, facts concerning which 
are mentioned under their own heads. 
The following is a list of the principal 
clubs : 

Acacia Club, (Masonic), Masonic 
Temple, Niagara Street. 

Bachelor Social Club, 535 Main 
Street. 

Buffalo Club, 388 Delaware Ave- 
nue. 

Buffalo Press Club, over 208 
Main Street. 

Buffalo Yacht Club, foot of 
Porter Ave. 

Country Club, north of Park. 

Falconwood Club, Grand Island, 
dock, foot of West Ferry Street. 

Hawthorne Club, 387 Washing- 
ton Street. 

Imperial Club, 221 Pearl Street. 

Island Club, Grand Island, docks 
foot of West Ferry Street. 

La Salle Club, 132 College Street. 

Oakfield Club, Grand Island, 
docks foot of West Ferry Street. 



Otowega Club, Linden and Starin 
Avenues. 

Phcenix Club, 352 Franklin Street. 

Saturn Club, Delaware Avenue and 
Edward Streets. 

University Club, 884 Main Street. 

Coacliing. — The most popular 
coaching route of any distance is that 
of the boulevard to Niagara Falls. 
Buffalo has a number of handsome 
tally-hos which may be leased for 
coaching purposes. The Gary coach, 
a private whip, makes trips to the 
Falls during the season, leaving Buf- 
falo at 10 A. M. and returning the same 
evening, with a stop-over at the Falls 
of several hours. The distance from 
Buffalo to the Falls via River Road is 
22 miles. From La Salle to the Falls 
is a particularly delightful trip, as 
part of it lies in the Niagara Falls 
Reservation, close by the grandest 
rapids in the whole world. The ex- 
cellent roads in and about Buffalo 
offer subtle inducements to coaching 
parties, and many a load of gay young 
society people may be seen any pleas- 
ant summer's day arriving at, or leav- 
ing the Country Club. 

Coal. — Buffalo is among the great- 
est coal markets of the world. Its 
coal trestles are the largest in the 
world. The stocking plants and ship- 
ping docks in the city represent a total 
valuation of |i6,ooo,ooo. The follow- 
ing table shows Buffalo's importance 
as a coal distributing point. 

Anthracite Bituminous 

Imports. Imports. 

Year. Tons. Tons. 

1890 4,349,690 1,344,467 

189I 4,507,804 2,405,084 

1892 4,804,760 2,682,441 

1893 4,770,546 2,896,614 

1894 4,272,130 2,280,470 

1895 : t . . • 4.764,033 ;2,727,548 



39 



Coal and Iron i^xchange is on 

Washington Street, near Seneca, and 
was erected in 1S82. The buildinjj^ is 
six stories high and is occupied for 
office purposes. The first floor is 
principally taken up by the People's 
Bank and the offices of the Buffalo 
Natural Gas Fuel Company. 

Cold Spring. — At one time a 
suburb of the city, is now obliterated 
by its growth. A sub-station of the 
post-office (station C), is located at 
1419 Main Street. 

Colored Masonry. A so-called 
Masonic organization in Buffalo is 
that maintained by the colored men 
of the city. This organization has no 
connection with the regular Masonic 
bodies composed of white members. 
The order is prosperous and is main- 
tained by the prosperous colored men 
of Buffalo. The various bodies, places 
of meetings and dates of meetings of 
the colored Masons are as follows : 

St. John's Lodge No. 16, F. & 
A. M. Meets second and fourth 
Tuesdays at hall, Michigan, corner 
William Street. 

Erie Chapter No. 10, R. A. M. 
Meets second and fourth Monday 
evenings, monthly, at hall, Michigan, 
corner Willian Street. 

Simon Com.mandery No. 10. K. T. 
Meets first Monday evening, monthly, 
at hall, Michigan, corner William 
Street. 

Rose Croix Chapter No. 6, A. A. 
S. R., i8th Degree. Meets fourth 
Thursday evenings, monthly, at hall, 
Michigan, corner William Street. 

Hira:vi Masonic Relief Associa- 
tion. Meets first Monday, monthly, 
at 61 Union Street. 

Commerce and Manufactures. 

— The transportation facilities of Buf- 
falo are unequaled. Twenty-six rail- 
roads enter Buffalo, with over 600 



COA— COM 

miles of trackage within the city 
limits. Further transportation facili- 
ties are given by the Great Lakes, also 
the Erie Canal, which connects the 
Great Lakes with the Hudson River 
and the Atlantic seaboard. The Great 
Lakes cover an area of 84,000 square 
miles, and have 3,600 miles of navig- 
able shore lines, which is but 200 
miles less than the entire United 
States Coast bordering on the Atlantic 
and Pacific Oceans. Their commerce 
exceeds by 2,000,000 tons annually 
the total foreign and coastwise com- 
merce of the Atlantic, Pacific and Gulf 
seaboard of the United States. The 
port of Buffalo, during the season of 
navigation, is as large as the port of 
London', which is the largest in the 
world. Within 450 miles of Buffalo 
live 35,000,000 people, thus placing 
within a night's ride half the popula- 
tion of the United States. Among 
the noteworthy industries of Buffalo 
are those which produce cars, car 
wheels, marine boilers and engines, 
lake steamers, agricultural implements, 
sugar-making machinery, flour, wall 
paper, harness, hardware, iron bridges, 
malt, cast iron pipe, brick, lithograph 
work, refrigerators, soap, starch, 
printing ink, railroad and other fine 
printing, proprietary medicines, fer- 
tilizers, illuminating and lubricating 
oils, scales and many other products. 

Comptroller's Department.— 

The financial department of the city 
government is directly under the super- 
vision of the Comptroller. It is the 
duty of the Comptroller to each year 
require each department of the munic- 
ipality to furnish to him on or before 
the first day of February a detailed 
statement of the amount of money 
necessary for the maintenance of their 
respective departments for the coming 
fi.scal year, which begins on the first 
day of July. From February ist to 
March ist these estimates as submitted 



COM— CON 



40 



by the various departments are subject 
to the revision of the Comptroller, 
who must on the first day of March 
submit the same, as revised, to the 
Board of Aldermen, or the lower 
branch of the local legislative body. 
On the first day of April the Board of 
Aldermen submit the estimates, as re- 
vised, to the Board ot Councilmen, or 
the upper house of the local legislature, 
and they in turn enter into a consider- 
ation of the subject until the 13th day 
of April in each year, when both the 
Board of Aldermen and the Board of 
Councilmen meet in joint session as 
committee of the whole, and pass upon 
and fix the amount of the annual 
budget. As soon as it shall be determ- 
ined the amount necessary for the 
maintenance of the city government 
for the coming fiscal year (which rep- 
resents the total amount of expendi- 
tures less the resources applicable to 
the payment thereof ) the Comptroller 
is furnished with a statement from the 
Board of Assessment of the assessed 
valuation of all the real property in the 
city of Buffalo, and immediately pro- 
ceeds to apportion the tax upon the 
said property according to the assessed 
valuation thereof. This done, the 
assessment rolls are turned over to the 
treasury department, and the taxes ap- 
pearing thereon placed upon collection. 
It is the duty of the Comptroller to 
issue all bonds authorized by the Com- 
mon Council or by special act of the 
Legislature, and a receipt for all mon- 
eys paid into the city treasury, and all 
checks and warrants given in payment 
of the city's obligations must be coun- 
tersigned by the Comptroller before 
they are binding or negotiable. It is 
the duty also of the Comptroller to 
keep accurate books of account of all 
local assessnm^ rolls levied for the 
payment of l^cal improvements, and 
a record of all warrants drawn in pay- 
ment of said improvements. In short, 
all that pertains to the fiscal affairs of 



the city are under the immediate super- 
vision of the Comptroller, and so inti- 
mately is this department connected 
with all the other departments of the 
city government that the Comptroller's 
office has come to be known as the 
Clearing House of the City Hall. 

Concerts. — During the season, 
from October to May, there is certain 
to be a series of concerts in Buffalo. 
Most of these concerts are given at 
Music Hall, those of the highest repu- 
tation being the Buffalo Symphony 
Orchestra concerts whose programe is 
always composed from classical music 
of the old masters, which is relieved 
by one or more vocal selections always 
rendered by singers of established 
ability. These concerts are preceded 
by one public rehearsal given in the 
afternoon. Eight concerts are given, 
tickets being sold only by subscription. 
In the season of 1896, Buflalo secured 
three nights of grand opera under the 
able leadership of Walter Damorosch. 
The Buffalo Vocal Society also give 
a series of concerts during which 
much good music is rendered and at 
each concert one or more opera 
singers are engaged to sing solos. 
Excellent concerts are also given 
by the various musical socities and 
clubs : Buffalo Liedertafel, Ladies' 
Afternoon Musical, Orpheus Society, 
etc., with open air concerts in the dif- 
ferent parks during the summer 
months. 

Concerts Saloons. — By this we 
mean resorts of amusements where re- 
spectable people would not care to go. 
These places are located principally 
upon Canal Street, Broadway, and the 
east side generally. There are also 
some of a better character on Main 
Street. Usually women are employed 
as attendants in these places, and a dis- 
play of gaslight, paint and cheap music 
are the visible signs which tempt young 



men to believe there are splendors 
within which are worth seeing, while 
the fact is, there is nothing but what 
proves damaging to the morals and the 
purse, for much poor liquor is called 
for and drank by the women attend- 
ants, which the unwary visitor pays 
for. The drinks sold are vile, the 
music horrible, and the women vulgar 
and bad. as the array of such which 
many be found before a magistrate 
any morning will attest. There are 
of course, besides these places others 
of a respectable class which may be 
found by looking at the advertisements 
of tiie daily newspapers. 

Congregational Churrhes.-The 

following Congregational Churches are 
in flourishing condition : 

First Congregational Church, 
Elm wood Avenue corner Bryant St. 

Plymouth Congregational, Mil- 
itary Road corner Grote Street. 

People's Church, Niagara Square. 

Pilgrim Congregational, Rich- 
mond Avenue corner Breckenridge 
Street. 

Congressmen.— Erie County is 
represented by two Congressmen. The 
32d district comprises the first to 14th, 
19th and 20th wards. The 33d district, 
wards 15 to 18, 21 to 26, and all the 
towns of Erie County. 

Convents — Holy Angels' Academy, 
which was founded in 1856, has grown 
to be the largest Catholic academy in 
Buffalo. The building, which is at the 
corner of Porter and Prospect Ave- 
nues, is an elegant brick structure, hav- 
ing four stories and a basement. The 
entire building is well furnished and 
an air of culture and comfort pervades 
every nook. The buildings and 
grounds cover 300 feet square in a se- 
lect portion of the city, surrounded by 
beautiful parks. Pupils are received 
from all over the country, as the Grey 



41 CON— ecu 

Nuns are noted teachers. The average 
number of boarders and day pupils in 
attendance is 275. The academy is in 
charge of 21 Grey Nuns. 

Miss Nardin's Academy. — One 
of the oldest and best known educa- 
tional institutions in the city. It was 
established August, 1857, by Miss E. 
Nardin, of the Order of the Sacred 
Heart of Mary. This academy is also 
known as St. Mary's Academy. A 
branch of this school is located on 
Cleveland Avenue, and is both a 
boarding and day school. The attend- 
ance is large, averaging 250 pupils. 
Tiie course of studies range from 
Kindergarten to graduation, embrac- 
ing all that is necessary to a complete 
education. 

Buffalo Academy of Sacred 
Heart. — By an act of the Legislature 
in April, 1895, the Sacred Heart Acad- 
emy was incorporated as the " Buffalo 
Academy of Sacred Heart," with pow- 
er to confer diplomas. This institution 
is the outgrowth of a small school es- 
tablished in 1874 by the Sisters of St, 
Francis. The building is a large brick 
structure, located at 749 Washington 
St''eet, in the very heart of the city. 
As this is a day school only, it is more 
of a normal school than anything else, 
having educated many 5^oung women 
who are holding positions as teachers 
in the public schools. 

Le Couteulx (see St. Mary's Insti- 
tution for Deaf Mutes. ) 

Coroners. — There are two coroners 
in Buffalo, elected by the people and 
paid $2,500 a year. Every case of 
sudden death is reported to the near- 
est coroner, and an inquest into the 
cause of death held. Where there 
are no suspicious circumstances at- 
tending the death an i~iquest is not 
deemed necessary. 

Councilttien. — The Board of Coun- 
cilmen, or upper house, consists of 



COU— CRI 42 

nine members elected at large, three 
each year, and their salaries are |i,ooo 
per annum each. 

Country Club. — This is a wealthy 
and aristocratic organization which 
was incorporated February 11, 1889. 
It is a family club for the encourage- 
ment of athletic exercises and sports. 
The number of male resident mem- 
bers is limited to one hundred and 
fifty, women being eligible to full 
membership, and their immediate fam- 
ilies, excepting male adults, entitled 
to equal rights and privileges of the 
club-house and grounds. The club- 
house was built in 1890 and occupies 
about twenty acres north of Park 
Lake, having fine Polo grounds and 
stables and a golf course of 18 links, 
which occupies adjoining premises 
leased for the purpose. The Club is 
a member of the State Polo Associa- 
tion and holds a polo tournament and 
horse show annually. 

County Clerk's Office is in room 
9 on the ground floor of the City Hall. 
Open for the transaction of business 
from 9 A. M. to 4 P. M. 

County Court House.— (See City 
and County Hall.) 

County Officers — The most im- 
portant officers of the County of Erie 
are County Judge, Justices ot Sessions, 
County Clerk, District Attorney, Sur- 
rogate, Superintendent of the Poor, 
County Treasurer, Coroners, and 
Sheriff. 

Courts. — (See also Law-Courts). 
The various law courts sitting in this 
city, and their places of meeting are as 
follows : 

Federal — Circuit Court, Postoffice 
Building ; District Court, Postoffice 
Building. 

Civil — Supreme Court, Circuit 
Court, Common Pleas, Surrogate's 



Court, City and County Hall, Muni- 
cipal, Municipal Building. 

Criminal — Oyer and Terminer Gen- 
eral Sessions, Special Sessions, City 
and County Hall. 

Police — Police Court, Municipal 
Building. 

Cradle Banks. — (See Fresh Air 
Mission). 

Cradle Beach.— (See Fresh Air 
Mission). 

Crematory .—The Crematory erect- 
ed in 1885, is built of dark-brown 
sandstone, reminding one of quaint 
chapels built centuries ago. This 
temple for the incineration of the re- 
mains of those whose wish it was to be 
cremated, is opposite Forest Lawn 
and may be readily reached by any of 
the Forest Avenue cars. The Cream- 
atory is covered with English ivy and 
surrounded by smooth sloping lawns. 
It is owned by the Buffalo Cremation 
Company, (Limited), with a capital 
stock of |i5,ooo. The company's fee 
for each cremation is I25.00, The 
first cremation took place in 1885. 

Crescent Beach, is located upon 
the bank overlooking the bay at the 
extreme east end of Lake Erie and is 
lYz miles above the Niagara boat 
landing near Fort Erie Grove. The 
corporation own about three-fourths 
of a mile of lake frontage and have, 
they claim, one of the best fresh sand 
beaches. They have waterworks sup- 
plied by a force pump and wind-mills, 
commodious barn belonging to the 
Association, a bus connecting with all 
trains and a dining hall and eleven 
cottages. 

Cricket. — This game is played at 
the Front and sometimes at the Buf- 
falo Park Meadow. There are few 
important cricket clubs, the sport being 
rather unpopular. 



^f. CRYSTAL BEACH *^ 



BUFFALO'S PARADISE. 



Jt THE IDEAL FAMILY RESORT. 




—=«- SEASON OF t896. 

The msKT steel Excursion Steamer ^ ^^ ^ 

GARDEN CITY 

and the old favorites PEARL and GAZELLE will make hourly trips from 

the foot of Main Street. 



A NEW BOWLING ALLEY will be ready for AN ELECTRIC RAILWAY from Crystal Beach 

use early in the season, which will he larg^e I to Ridgeway, connecting the boats with the 

and very complete in its appointments, and ? Grand Trunk Railway, is now in process of 

add greatly to the attractiveness of the place. 5 construction, and will be ready for use at the 

\ opening of the Excursion season. 

BOATING, BATHING, FISHING, ETC., ETC., ETC. 

No liquor will be sold or allowed upon the boats or on the grounds. 

For Tia\E-TABLE, see daily papers. For excursion rales, dates, or other information, apply 
at the office of the Company 

1098 ELLICOTT SQUARE. ^ ^ Jt telephone 1562. 



Cruelty to Animals. — The Erie 
County Society for the Prevention of 
Cruelty to Animals, was incorporated 
September 19, 1888, and has an office 
at 39 Erie Street, with a branch Society 
at Lancaster. The work of this So- 
ciety is not limited to the city, for it 
has given attention to a large number 
of cases in near-by towns in the 
county. Any person witnessing the 
abuse of dumb animals in the city 
streets and reporting same to this 
Society, it will promptly receive their 
attention and such person or persons 
brought to account. The driving of 
lame horses, horses over-ladened or 
insufficiently fed are looked after by a 
committee of the Society, and where 
owners do not treat such animals 
humanely, prompt steps are taken and 
the offender speedily arrested and 
fined according to the nature of the 
complaint. Any resident of Erie 
County may become an active mem- 
ber of this Society by paying the sum 
of f I per year. Meetings are held on 
the second of January, April, July and 
October. 

Cruelty to Children.— The Queen 
City Society for the Prevention of 
Cruelty to Children was incorporated 
May 19, 1879, The work of this 
Society is entirely non-sectarian. It 
demands active, energetic, progres- 
sive methods — at the same time there 
must be combined with such action 
the highest form of Christian charity. 
The active offier of the society is 
called upon to perform sharp, decisive 
detective work in hunting out and in- 
vestigating cases, but the Society ex- 
ercise great care not to intrude the 
work of the Society beyond its 
proper limit. Where positive cases 
of cruelty or abuse exist the first 
step taken is to learn the full par- 
ticulars; then endeavor, if the case 
will permit, to advise, so that the duty 
of the parents to the child may be 



43 CRU— CRY 

fully understood without the aid of 
the law. When cases are more ex- 
treme, the law is then brought into 
requisition and the offenders made to 
see, their obligations, and if they will 
not meet such, the Society rescues the 
little ones from their trouble and deals 
with the offending parties in a firm, 
decisive manner. Such children are 
provided with homes when possible, 
are turned over to the care of some 
humane relative or put into a charit- 
able institution founded for the pur- 
pose. The office of the Society is at 
62 Delaware Avenue. 

Crystal Beach. — A charming sum- 
mer resort on the northerly or Can- 
ada shore of Lake Erie, about ten 
miles from Buffalo, and on the land- 
locked bay between Windmill Point 
and Point Abino. The beach at this 
place is exceptionally smooth, clean 
and sloping, excellently adapted for 
boating, and being sheltered by Point 
Abino, affords a safe landing place for 
excursion steamers, even upon stormy 
days. Good fishing abounds in the 
bay, and a fleet of small boats for row- 
ing or sailing is always in readiness for 
visitors. A large grove, five minutes' 
walk from the boat landing,is available 
for excursions and picnic parties, and 
is provided with a pavillion suitable 
for dancing or as a shelter-house in 
case of sudden rain or storm. A sum- 
mer hotel crowns the ridge or bluff 
directly opposite the wharf, which in 
connection with a large dining hall 
affords ample accommodation for per- 
manent summer boarders and transient 
visitors. In addition to these a restau- 
rant, quick lunch counter, confection- 
ary stands, a merry-go-round, tobog- 
gan slide, bowling alley, bath houses, 
shooting gallery, a supply house, bar- 
ber shop and other conveniences and 
attractions combine to render the re- 
sort at once attractive and inviting to 
its patrons whether old or young. No 



CRY— CUS 

liquor is permitted to be sold either 
upon the grounds or upon the boats, 
and every effort is made to secure a 
respectable, orderly and in every way 
unobjectionable family resort. Cot- 
tages and tent-sites can be rented by 
the month or season, and during the 
hot months a small city is thus added 
to Her Majesty's dominions. The ex- 
cursion fleet of the company consists 
of the steamers Garden City, Pearl and 
Gazelle, which leave the foot of Main 
Street and make no less than 12 round 
trips daily during the excursion seas- 
on. An electric railway is in process 
of construction from Crystal Beach to 
Ridgeway and will be ready for use 
soon, which will connect the boats 
with the Grand Trunk Railway, 

Crystal Park. — Immediately ad- 
joins Crystal Beach, and is a young and 
growing city of summer homes. A 
large tract of land has been plotted, 
and laid out in streets, and lots are 
sold to parties desiring a pleasant and 
inexpensive place for summer sojourn. 
A new hotel has been erected, and 
new cottages are rapidly being added 
to the already fairly prosperous little 
city. Easy of access from Buffalo, 
either by boat or rail, it is doubtless 
destined to rapidly increase in size, 
attractiveness and popularity. 

Curling and (Juoiting. — The 

Caledonian Curling and Quoiting 
Club is on Ellicott Street, near North, 
and is a representative organization of 
its kind. Many of its members are 
prominent, business men. Match 
games are arranged during the season; 
many of the games being played on 
the Park Lake, attracting large crowds. 
The Caledonians have won many valu- 
able trophies at home and abroad. 
Their most noteworthy competitors 
being Canadian teams. 

Customs. — The Custom House 
for the District of Buffalo Creek is 



44 



located in th Goverment Buildings, 
Washington Street corner Seneca. 
customs' receipts. 
The following statement shows the 
receipts at the Buffalo Custom House 
during each month, and the totals for 
the calendar years named : 



Month. 


1891, 


189=:, 


January . 


. $65,223.01 


163,396,26 


February 


• 77,788.65 


32,10976 


March 


. 54,164.61 


43,260.66 


April . . 


. 68,900.31 


34,35936 


May . . 


. 64.511,84 


34,942.96 


June , . 


• 52,677.79 


26,185.81 


July . . 


. 31,979.11 


23,992.37 


August , 


. 38,249.26 


26,510.08 


September 


. 66,594.60 


38,657,93 


October . 


. 90,076.43 


62,874.83 


November 


• I23.675-72 


47,099,81 


December 


. 93,754-43 


53.632.52 


Totals . 


1827,595.76 


1487,022.35 


The annexed statement 


shows the 



business transacted and the moneys 
collected at the Buffalo Custom House 
during the fiscal years ending June 30, 
1894 and 1895 : 



Receipts — From 

what source 

derived. 


Year endino- 
June30,i894. 


Year ending 
June 30,1895. 


Duties on im- 








ports .... 

Fines, penal- 
ties, etc. . . 

Services U. S. 


1490,461.49 |5 

4,028.32 


19,784.47 
1,346.22 


Officers . . . 
Services, la- 


2,942.50 




3,042.00 


bor, cartage 
and weigh- 
ers' fees . . 
Official fees . . 
Miscellaneous 


674.18 
5,150.40 




697,49 
5,568.30 


receipts . . . 


88,98 




5.67 


Totals . . , 


^503,355.87 |5. 


50,444.15 



A net increase in 1895 of $27,088.28. 

Number of enrollments issued in 
1887 was 93 ; in 1888, 79 ; in 1889, 81 ; 
in 1890, TOO ; in 1891, 96 ; in 1892, 91 ; 
in 1893, 87 ; in 1894, 116 ; and in 1895, 



74- Number of licenses issued in 1887 
was 219; in 1888, 198; in 1889, 232; 
in 1890, 250 ; in 1891. 272 ; in 1892, 
257 ; in 1893, 263 ; in 1894, 296 ; and in 
1895, 290. 

Daughters of the Atnerican 
Revolution. — This Society was or- 
ganized in Buffalo in 1892 and has 
now 250 members. The objects of 
the Society are to further the educa- 
tional interests of the American people, 
and to erect monuments to officers who 
fought in the Revolution. Any woman 
mav be eligible for membership who 
is descended from an ancestor who 
rendered material aid to the cause of 
independence. Meetings are held on 
all national holidays. 

Deaconess Home, Buffalo. — 

Established by the Genesee Confer- 
ence of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church. Organized in 1890 and lo- 
cated at 2978 Main Street. The duties 
of the Deaconesses are to minister to 
the poor, visit the sick, pray with the 
dying, care for the orphan, seek the 
wandering, comfort the sorrowing, 
save the sinning, and relinquishing 
wholly all other pursuits, devote them- 
selves, in a general way, to such forms 
of Christian labor as may be suited to 
their abilities. These Deaconesses 
wear the uniform generally adopted 
by Deaconess Homes, but no vow is 
exacted, and any of their number are 
at liberty to relinquish their trust at 
any time. The Board of Management 
allows each Deaconess eight dollars 
per month for dress and other ex- 
penses, after such time as the Commit- 
tee on "Probationers and Training 
School" shall decide to receive the 
candidate into full connection with the 
Home. There are at present twelve 
persons in the Home. In connection 
with the institution there is a training 
school where young women members 
of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in 



45 DAU— DEB 

good standing, desiring to learn the 
work, are admitted. 

Deaf and Dumb Institute. — 

This institution for the education of 
unfortunate children, at 125 Edward 
Street, was incorporated in 1853 as the 
" Le Couteulx St. Mary's Benevolent 
Society for the Deaf and Dumb," and 
its object was for benevolent and char- 
itable purposes, under the charge of 
the Sisters of St. Joseph. From year 
to year additions have been made and 
in 1880 the last one was completed 
and the building now has a frontage of 
170 feet, contains four stories and 
basement, and has every convenience 
and improvement. In 1871 the insti- 
tution was privileged to take children 
as county beneficiaries, and in 1872 
the Legislature of the State of New 
York extended the benefits of the law 
for this class of children, as State 
pupils to the institution, and today 
such pupils are received to the number 
of about 140, besides the orphan chil- 
dren that are educated free, of which 
number there are 30 to 40 always kept. 
This was one of the first institutions to 
introduce Articulation or " Improved 
instruction." Here girls are taught 
cooking, dressmaking, needlework and 
household duties and the boys learn 
any trade they wish. All the shoes 
and clothing needed by the pupils, are 
made in the Institution. The pupils 
publish a weekly paper. 

Debt. — The total assessed valuation 
of real property for the year 1895 was 
in round numbers $220,000,000.00, 
while the bonded indebtedness, less 
the amount in sinking funds, was 
1 1 1,700,000.00. Buffalo bonds com- 
mand higher prices in the market, and 
are more sought, than those of any 
other American city. There has never 
been default in payment of interest or 
principal of any Buffalo security. The 
bonded indebtedness December 31, 
1895, was as follows : 



DEL— D IS 46 

Water bonds 13,625,882.00 

Park bonds 1,745,000.00 

City and County Hall bonds. . . . 725,000.00 
Buffalo and Jamestown Railroad 

bonds. ..-■.. 752,000.00 

Buffalo, New York and Philadel- 
phia Railroad bonds 600,000.00 

Trunk sewer bonds 575,000.00 

Bird Avenue sewer bonds 238,000.00 

Hertel Avenue sewer bonds. . . . 200,000.00 

Bailey Avenue sewer bonds. . . . 200,000.00 
Babcock and Seneca Street sewer 

bonds 60,000.00 

School bonds 967,500.00 

Deficiency bonds. . 125,000.00 

Elk Street Market bonds 80,000.00 

Plank Road award bonds 115,000.00 

Municipal building bonds 50,000.00 

Chicago fire relief bonds 50,000.00 

Swing bridge bonds 45,500.00 

Volunteer soldiers' relief bonds. . 25,000.00 

Temporary loan bonds 59,235.39 

Tax loan bonds 1,195,241.27 

Monthly local work bonds 102,845.83 

Buffalo charter bonds 856,985.91 

Grade crossing bonds 83,000.00 

Total outstanding bonds De- 
cember 31, 1895 112,476,190.40 

In the foregoing statement the fol- 
lowing bonds, to be paid by local as- 
sessment, are included : 

Bailey Avenue sewer bonds . . . . $200,000.00 
Hertel Avenue sewer bonds. , . . 144,000.00 

Monthly local work bonds 102,845.83 

1446,845.83 

The Comptroller holds in trust sink- 
ing funds to redeem bonds to the 
amount of 1503,340.78. 

The city owns real estate the esti- 
mated value of which is $9,815,114.00, 
and personal property the estimated 
value of which is 17,050,011.43. 

Delaware Avenue. — This avenue 
was once the pride of Buffalo, but 
during late years so many fine resi- 
dence streets have been built up that 
Delaware Avenue no longer reigns 
supreme, still, this beautiful, broad, 
smooth avenue cannot be excelled. 
It runs parallel with Main Street. It 
extends from the Terrace on the south 
to the city line on the north, a distance 
of nearly four miles, bisecting the Park 
and Forest Lawn Cemetery. At the 
corner of this avenue at the north side 
of the Square may be seen the stately 



old mansion of the late Millard Fill- 
more, ex-President of the United 
States. On Delaware Avenue are two 
of the most important club houses 
in the city, that of the Buffalo Club 
and the Saturn, also a number of fine 
churches and fiamous old residences. 
The entire avenue is asphalted and 
has fine shade trees along its length, 
so that in its summer verdure it is 
magnificent. 

Dental Association. — Buffalo has 
the oldest Dental Association in New 
York State. It was organized May 27, 
1864. The aim of the Association is 
to advance the social as well as the 
professional interests of its members. 
Meetings are held the second Monday 
in each month, with the exception of 
July and August. 

Depew. — A town of 2500 inhabitants 
ten miles east of Buffalo, having 
several large manufactories : Gould 
Coupler Works, with two plants, forge 
and malleable, employing 500 men ; 
N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Locomative 
Repair Works, with between six and 
seven hundred employes ; Union Car 
Company, 600 men ; National Car 
Wheel Company, 150 men ; Buffalo 
Brass Company, etc. Depew is 
reached by the N. Y. C, D. L. & W., 
Lehigh Valley and Erie Railways or 
by the Buffalo Bellvue and Lan- 
caster trolleys which connect with the 
Broadway cars at the city line. 

Depots. — (See Railways.) 

Deutscher Orden Harugati. — 

There are twelve subordinate lodges 
in this city, three Degree lodges, three 
Mannies and two Hertha Degree 
Lodges comprising two districts. For 
list and meeting places see the City 
Directory. 

Dispensaries and Infirmaries. 

The following is a list of the dispen- 
saries, infirmaries or hospitals in the 



47 DIS 

city, with the date of organization and Buffalo Women's Hospital Dis- 

address. The medical visitors to these pensary, 191 Georgia Street. Free 

institutions compose the very best to the poor. 

talent in the city, many noted special- -rw- . „^ r\j.±. r^-j.- 

ists giving up a portion of their time ^^^^^^^""^^ !^'' ^^^V" .^!u^^^'~ 

to these charities The distances from Buffalo to the pnn- 

cipal cities and towns of the United 

Eve, Ear and Throat Infirm- States and Canada are as follows : 

ARV, at 673 Michigan Street, is a Albany N. Y 297 Miles 

charitable institution maintained by Atlanta' Ga i 010 " 

the city. All persons having diseases Auburn N. Y. 'i4S " 

of the eyes, ears or throat, too poor to BataviaN Y." " * " ^6 " 

pay for medical care, are treated in this gath NY no " 

infirmary, free of charge. This is the Bradford Pa 78 " 

principal hospital of the kind, in the Baltimore Md 400 " 

city, and is in the charge of able doc- Binghamton N. Y. ! ' '. '. 20^ " 

tors and trained nurses. Open daily Boston Mass 4qq " 

for patients at 2 P. M. Brocton, N. Y. ." .' ." . . '. 49 " 

Charity Eye, Ear and Throat Canandaigua, N. Y. . . 98 " 

Hospital.— This institution was in- Chautauqua Lake- See May- 

corporated in 1891, and is a hospital ^- ' t,i ^ «« 

for the treatment of poor people afflict- ^, ^^f°'i Va ^l << 

ed with maladies or deformities of the Cleveland, O. 183 ^^ 

eye, ear or throat, and is located at 166 Cincinnati, 427 ^^ 

Broadway, and is open for patients at Columbus, O. ...... 321 

2 P.M., except Sundays. Corning^ N. Y 132 

^ ^ Corry, Pa 95 

Buffalo City Dispensary, organ- Dansville, N. Y 77 " 

izd in 1847. Incorporated in 1859, Denver, Col. . , . . . . .1,584 " 

for the purpose of relieving such poor, Depew, N. Y 10 " 

sick and indigent persons as are unable Detroit Mich 231 " 

to secure medicinal aid. Duluth' Minn. . . . . . .1,379 " 

United States Marine Hospital Dunkirk, N. Y. . . . . . 40 |* 

Dispensary, 25 Postoffice Building, East Aurora. N. Y 17 ^ 

Seneca and Washington Streets. Open Elmira, N. Y 146 ^^ 

from 9 A. M., to 4 p. M. Eria, Pa . ^ 88 

^ ^ Fredonia. NY 44 

University of Buffalo Dispen- Geneva. N. Y 121 " 

sary, 24 High Street. ^ Grand Rapids^ iviicli. . . . 378 " 

Niagara University Medical and Hamilton, Ont ^^ ]] 

Surgical Dispensary. 203 Ellicott Harrisburg, Pa 318 ** 

Street. Incorporated October 24, Hornellsville, N. Y . . . . 91 |] 

1884. Open daily (except Sundays Indianapolis, Ind 466 

and Holidays) at 4 p. m. Free to the Ithaca, N. Y 120 || 

worthy poor of the city. Jackson, Mich 326 

Opthalmic Hospital. 188 Frank- Jamestown, N. Y 68 - 

lin Street. I^^T^ ^ -'' M^.i. 1L " 

Kalamazoo. Mich 394 

Dental Infirmary, University Kansas City, Mo 1,003 " 

of Buffalo, High Street, near Main. Kingston, Ont 34° " 



DIS— DOC 

Lancaster, N. Y lo 

Lockport, N. Y 26 

London, Ont 144 

Lewiston, N. Y 32 

Lyons, N. Y 104 

Mayville, N. Y. . . . . . 65 

Milwaukee, Wis 601 

Minneapolis, Minn 925 

Mt. Clemens, Mich. . . . 242 

Mt. Morris, N. Y 63 

Newark, N. Y 99 

Montreal, Can 440 

New Orleans, La 988 

New York, N. Y 440 

Niagara Falls, N. Y. . . , 22 

North East, Pa 73 

Oil City. Pa 137 

Olean, N. Y 70 

Ogdensburg-, N. Y 296 

Omaha, Neb 1,005 

Oswego, N. Y 165 

Ottawa, Can 390 

Owego, N. Y 183 

Palmyra, N. Y 90 

Paterson, N. J 394 

Philadelphia, Pa 308 

Pittsburg, Pa 270 

Peekskill, N . Y 398 

Poughkeepsie, N. Y. . . . 367 

Port Huron, Mich 206 

Port Jervis, N. J 335 

Reading, Pa. 371 

Rochester. N. Y 69 

Rome, N. Y 189 

Saginaw, Mich , 291 

Sayre, Pa 177 

Salamanca, N. Y 63 

Sandusky, Ohio 248 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y. . 302 

San Francisco, Cal. . . . 2,940 

Schenectady, N. Y. ... 281 

Scranton, Pa 265 

Seneca Falls. N. Y. ... 131 

Silver Creek, N. Y. ... 31 

St. Catharines, Ont. ... 36 

St. Louis, Mo 727 

St. Paul, Minn 918 

St. Thomas, Ont 123 

Stratford, Ont 120 

Springville, N. Y 32 



48 

Miles Suspension Bridge, N. Y. . 24 Miles 

" Syracuse, N. Y 149 " 

Toledo, Ohio 291 " 

Tonawanda, N. Y 11 " 

" Toronto, Ont 107 ** 

Troy, N. Y 300 " 

Trenton, N. J 400 " 

Utica, N. Y 202 " 

Washington, D. C 440 " 

Watertown, N. Y 226 " 

Waverly, N. Y 176 " 

Westfield, N. Y 57 " 

Wheeling, W. Va 335 " 

Wilkes Barre, Pa 257 " 

" Williamsport, Pa 245 " 

" Windsor, Ont 250 *' 

(( 

a District Attorney. — Room 16, 

<< City and County Hall. He is an 

,( officer elected by the people for a term 

j< of three years, and is the public pros- 

,< ecutor in criminal trials. His salary 

,i is I3, 000 per year. 

«• District Telegraph, American. 

" — (See Messenger Service.) 

" Docks. — The principal passenger 

" docks of the city are located at the 

" foot of Main Street, although the 

" Ferry Street docks accommodate a 

" portion of the excursion business. 

" The passenger facilities are now inad- 

" equate to meet the demand, and new 

" dockage is projected. The freight 

" dockage is something immense, being 

" equaled by few cities in the world.- 

" The most extensive of these docks is 

" owned by the Lehigh Valley Railroad, 

" and is situated on what is known as 

" the Tifft Farm, a tract of 425 acres on 

" the lake front. Here over four mil- 

" lion dollars have been expended in 

" improvements. An enormous amount 

" of freight is handled on the Lacka- 

" wanna and city docks at the foot of 

" Main Street. The Lackawanna priv- 

" ilege extends from Commercial Street 

" slip to Washington Street. The 

" Northern Transportation Company 

" occupy these wharves when in port. 

" The Union Steamboat Company's- 



49 



DOG— DRI 



docks are at the foot of Mississippi 
Street. Improvements and extensions 
of the city's dockage are continually 
being made. 

Dogs. — All dogs must be licensed, 
and wear a numbered metal tag at- 
tached to a collar. A dog thus licensed 
is allowed to run at large without a 
muzzle. All dogs not having tags are 
sieized by the officers and taken to the 
dog-pound and shelter which is located 
at 64 Terrace, where, if not claimed 
within 48 hours they are killed. The 
dog-pound is a large room having 
seven pens for dogs, five of them 
10. \ 12 ; under these pens is a cement 
tloor, slanting so that it can be easily 
cleaned. The opposite side of the 
room is clear for the wagons and the 
box for killing dogs which are not 
redeemed. It takes only from one- 
half to two minutes to kill them. The 
box is filled with gas and the dogs are 
then dropped into it through a door at 
the top. Usually from twenty to forty 
dogs are killed at a time. Dogs may 
be redeemed on payment of $1.50, 
which includes a tag. The dog-pound 
and shelter is open to the public from 
8.30 A. M to 5.30 p. M. , and visitors ire 
alwaj^s welcome. 

Dramatic Societies and Cir- 
cles. — Acadian Dramatic Club, 
meets every Thursday evening at their 
liall, corner Elk and Euclid Place. 
Ceciltan Dramatic Circle of 
, Buffalo, meets every Wednesday 
evening at St. Stephen's Hall, corner 
Franklin and Swan Streets. 
|i St. Louis Dramatic Circle, meets 
' every first Monday of the month at 35 
Edward Street. 

St. Michael's Dramatic Circle, 
meets second Wednesday, monthly, at 
1,517 Oak .Street. 

St. Patrick's Dramatic Club, 
meets every Friday evening corner 
Emslie and South Division Streets. 



Drinking Fountains.— There are 

some ten or fifteen drinking fountains 
in the city, which are of simple 
design, in bronze, with drinking cups 
attached. There is one located on 
Niagara Square, one in front of the 
Soldiers' and Sailors' monument, one 
on Washington and Chippewa, near 
the market, one on Broadway, and the 
others scattered about the city where 
they may be of most service. 

Drives. — There are so many beauti- 
ful drives in and about Buffalo that it 
is not difficult to determine where one 
shall drive to enjoy an afternoon. If a 
stranger in the city, and desiring to see 
as much as possible, hire a carriage 
down town and drive first around the 
City Hall, then out Delaware Avenue, 
a beautiful resident portion of the city, 
to North Street and the Circle, thence 
down Porter Avenue to the "Front", 
a beautiful park, and a little beyond 
this is Fort Porter, a United States 
Military Post. Upon leaving the 
" Front " any of the asphalted streets 
may be taken to reach Richmond 
Avenue, which leads out to the several 
parkways and Park Lake. This is the 
center of the very attractive park sys- 
tem which encircles Buffalo. A drive 
along the northern shore of this pretty 
lake, thence northeast, will bring you 
to Main Street. About a mile and a 
half along this street will bring you to 
the Poor House and Erie County In- 
sane Asylum. Returning, Forest Lawn 
Cemetery may be taken in, and a visit 
to this supurb home of the dead will 
adiquately reward the visitor. Forest 
Lawn by the south gate, you pass the 
Buffalo Crematory, then continuing 
east to Humboldt parkway you may 
reach "The Parade, " thence on along 
Filmore Avenue to Broadway, and so 
back to Main Street. Another de- 
lightful drive is that out the new 
boulevard to Niagara Falls, The 
river road to Towanda has its at- 



DRI— EAS 



50 



tractions. No city in the world has 
finer horses than Buffalo, and the 
throng of fashionable turnouts in the 
Park during the afternoon between the 
huurs of 4 and 7 make a picturesque 
scene. There are of course hundreds 
of other streets available for a short 
drive in any direction, the only thing 
to be avoided is the business center of 
the city. 

Driving Park. — The Buffalo Driv- 
ing Park covers about 80 acres of land 
and is situated on East Ferry Street 
near Jefferson. This organization has 
been giving annual races for over 
thirty years, and a number of world's 
records have been made here. All of 
the important trotters have been ex- 
hibited on this course. The park 
stables accommodate some 600 horses. 

Dry Goods. — There is a tendency 
in Buffalo to keep all the high-grade 
business houses upon Main Street, 
especially is this true of the dry goods 
houses. 

Flint & Kent we would recom- 
mend as a first-class house, doing an 
exclusive dry goods trade in retail 
only. They command the older and 
more conservative trade of Buffalo 
and do not cater so much as other 
houses to transient. For rich silks, 
rare novelties and fine laces this house 
is noted. 

Adam, Meldrum & Anderson Co., 
occupying the American Block, 396 to 
402 Main Street, are the oldest and 
largest wholesale and retail dry goods 
house in the city. In addition to ready 
made garments and dry goods, this 
house carries a large line of fine shoes, 
millinery, stationery, carpets, furni- 
ture, dishes, lamps, etc., and is in 
every respect first-class.'and altogether 
a popular house Vvdth local buyers. A 
fine soda fountain from which ice 
cream is served is a popular feature 
of this store. 



J. N. Adam & Co., at 383-393 Main 
Street, just across the street from 
Adam, Meldrum and Anderson's, is 
another house of the same character, 
doing retail and wholesale business, 
and of good standing in the commun- 
ity. Both of these houses have ex- 
tensive basements. 

The Wm, Hengerer Company at 
256-268 Main St., is another immense 
house, doing retail and wholesale busi- 
ness in dry goods. They have also 
departments of furniture, shoes, millin- 
ary, dishes, drapery and ready made 
clothing, all such departments being 
found in all of the larger dry goods 
establishments. These stores com- 
prise the principal shopping places, 
although there are numerous other 
places of no little magnitude and 
popular for certain articles. Friday 
is usually considered "bargain day," 
when upon the various counters are 
displayed rare opportunities to save 
money. 

Dunkirk. — A city of about ten 
thousand inhabitants — 40 miles from 
Buffalo, the first port of entry west 
from this city. It has five railroads. 
In direct communication with the oil, 
coal and iron regions of Pennsylvania. 
A manufacturing town in agricultural 
and dairying district. The Brooks 
Locomotive Works are located here. 
Has excellent hotel accommodation. 

Dun Building.— A fine building 
of yellow brick, ten stories high, hav- 
ing a hundred offices. It was erected 
in 1893 and occupies the desirable site 
at the southwest corner of Pearl and 
West Swan Street. 

:^ast Aurora. — A trade center and 
manufacturing town of 1,600 inhabi- 
tants, on the Western New York and 
Pennsylvania railroad 18 miles from 
Buffalo. Two postoffices are located 
in the village, that of Willink and East 



m 

2 
n 
> 

CO 

r 
o 
o 




SECOND TO NONE. 



Jfdaiti, meldrum & Jindmon Co. 



THE ENTIRE AMERICAN BLOCK. 



MAIN FLOOR — Dry Goods^ Books, Confectionery, Butterick 
Patterns, Silver Ware, Carpets, Rugfs, Draperies, Upholstery, Art 
Furniture* 

FIRST FLOOR UP — Cloaks, Suits, Skirts, Furs, Millinery* 

SECOND FLOOR UP — Shoes, Muslin Underwear, Corsets, 
"Waists, Infants' Outfits, Fitting: Rooms. 

THIRD FLOOR UP— Retail Offices, Crockery, Glass Ware, 
Lamps, Bicycles, Baby Carriages, Baskets. 

FOURTH FLOOR UP — Cafe, Ladies' Parlors and Toilet 
Rooms. 

BASEMENT — Soda Fountain, Lawn Mowers, Refrigerators, 
Ice Cream Freezers, Hammocks, Croquet Sets, Trunks, Valises, 
Leather Goods. 



ADAM, MELDRUM & ANDERSON CO. 

BUFFALO'S GREATEST DRY GOODS STORE. 



Publishers of "FASHIONS" 



Cbe Jlmerican Block, ?> ?* ?^ Buffalo, fi. V* 



Aurora. Largest stock farms of the 
wo/ld are located here, those of C. J. 
HamHn and H. C. Jevvett & Co. 
Many city business men reside here. 

!East Buffalo. — The eastern sec- 
tion of the city, embracing the cattle 
yards, slaughter houses, yards of vari- 
ous railroads and many industries of 
kindred nature. A branch of the city 
postoftice. Station A, is located at 785 
William Street. 

l^ast BufFalo lyive Stock l^x- 
change is situated on William Street, 
corner Depot, directly opposite stock 
yards. The building was erected in 
1890, by the live stock commission 
men of the city. The building is three 
stories and built of brick. 

Kast Side. — By East Side we mean 
all land east of Main Street. The 
eastern portion of Buffalo is given 
over largely to extensive manufacturies 
and industries. Swan, Eagle, North 
and South Division Streets were once 
the principal residence streets of the 
city but year after year they derogated 
and people removed to Delaware Ave- 
nue and other fashionable localities on 
the West Side, so that today the East 
Side has few fine residences, the 
above mentioned streets being more 
for business purposes and boarding 
houses. 

Hchota. — This is an industrial town 
located on eighty-four acres of land 
near the center of the lands of the 
Niagara Falls Power Company, and 
there is now upon the land selected a 
complete village. The word Echota 
signifies, in the Indian language, 
"Place of Refuge." The company 
has built a handsome station on the 
New York Central & Hudson River 
Railway ; Sugar and Buffalo Streets, 
two principal streets of the City of 
Niagara Falls, run through the village, 
and both streets contain tracks of the 
electric street railway. At the foot of 



51 EAS ELK 

Sugar Street is the wharf from which 
run daily a line of steamers to and 
from Buffalo. Many pretty houses 
have been erected upon a modern and 
uniform system of arciiitecture ; its 
sanitation is excellent and its streets 
and lawns are assuming beautiful pro- 
portions. 

i^dg-ewater. — A resort situated on 
the east side of Grand Island, a few 
miles below Eldorado, From the 
grove at Edgewater a ferry connects 
with Tonawanda. The usual summer 
resort amusements are to be found 
here. 

^Education. — (See Public Instruc- 
tion, Department of. ) 

!^ldorado is situated on the east 
side uf Grand Island, about ten miles 
down the river, and is a much fre- 
quented resort. There is a fine grove 
containing bowling alleys, dance hall, 
merry-go-rounds, shooting gallery and 
a large room where refreshments are 
sold. 

;^lections— The term of all offi- 
cers elected by the city under the re- 
vised city charter commence on the 
first Monday of January after their 
election. The annual city and ward 
elections are held on the same day as 
the state general eiections. Nearly all 
of the important officials are elected. 

]^lectric lyight.^-Lighting by 
means of electricity has become very 
general. Its wonderful illuminating 
power cannot be compared with any 
thing yet discovered, and when a great 
light is required, or where a large 
space is to be illuminated it cannot be 
too highly commended. The Buffalo 
General Electric Co., have an office at 
40 Court Street. There are four pow- 
er stations : Prenatt Street, near Elk 
Street; Pearl, corner Express Street; 
Tonawanda Street, near Niagara, and 
Wilkinson, corner Seventh Street. 



ELE 52 

The number of lights used are 3,000 
arc, 25,000 incandescent, and 500 H. 
P. (inotors). The number of em- 
ployees are 136. 

l^lectrical Society. — This is a 
branch of the Buffalo Society of Natur- 
al Sciences and was organized on 
September 25, 1883. Meetings are 
held the first and third Thursday 
evenings of each month, in the Buffalo 
Library Building. 

l^lectric Power. — Electric power 
is a subject which, outside of any other 
theme, is attracting the attention of 
thinking men and and investors to this 
city as promising better returns for 
their money than any other field on 
earth. The franchise and contract 
permitting and securing Niagara pow- 
er was framed with great care, and the 
safety and welfare of all citizens look- 
ed after. This power, cheaper than 
any other, will enable Buffalo manu- 
facturers to earn larger profits in the 
markets of the world in competion 
with the products of outsiders than 
any other class of manufacturers on 
earth. Already this great power has 
been converted to the uses of man- 
kind. A franchise for this city was 
accepted by the Niagara Falls Power 
Company on the 14th day of January, 
1896, by formal documents filed with 
the City Clerk. Niagara power is un- 
der contract to be delivered within 
these city limits inside of a year, and 
the purposes of the company will be 
defeated and there will be no cus- 
tomers for its product unless it under- 
sells the lowest price of coal, even in 
this cheap-coal city, for then it would 
have no users for its power. With a 
fuel which must be supplied at much 
less than the cost of coal and the use 
of which will necessarily dispense 
with the labor now necessary in hand- 
ling, at individual furnaces, the pro- 
duct of the mines, the output of Buffalo 
manufacturers should, in equal ratio 



with the decrease in the cost of its pro- 
duction, undersell, in the markets of 
the world, the goods made in any 
other city. For years the eyes of the 
commercial world have been turned 
toward Buffalo and its neighboring 
world-wonder, the Falls of Niagara, 
for it was felt that, with the utilization 
of the tremendous force of the famous 
cataract, or the harnessing, at any 
point along its banks, of the mighty 
river which creates it, there would be 
recorded on the pages of history one 
of the giant achievements of this or 
any age which has preceded it. That 
great task is an accomplished fact, and 
the Falls, unblemished in their beauty, 
still present their vision of majesty, 
being at the same time literally con- 
verted to the uses of mankind, particu- 
larly that favored section of the race 
which lives and does business in Buf- 
falo and the growing city of Niagara 
Falls, its future suburb. 

;^levators. — There are 36 grain 
elevators in the city of Buffalo, and 
another mammoth one completed last 
year. They have a total storage capac- 
ity of 16,575,000 bushels, exclusive of 
seven transfer towers and nine floating 
elevators, making 53 elevating build- 
ings in all, easily valued at $11,000,- 
000.00. An idea of the present enor- 
mous transfer capacity may be gained 
from the fact that they are able to han- 
dle 4,500,000 bushels evey 24 hours. 
The amount of grain handled in 1895 
was 122,827,997, an increase of 1S95 
over 1894 of about 25,000,000. The 
total reports in Buffalo for the last 
quarter of a century is over 2,000,000,- 
000 bushels. 

.Elevator Storage Capacity.— 
The following statement shows the 
names and storage capacity of the 
several elevators, transfer towers and 
floaters of this port : 

Name. Capacity, bu. 

Bennett 800,000 

Brown 250,000 



The Cleveland and Buffalo Transit Company 



'Wteiwfti^*.^ 




;'a,,:'t 




C. AND B. LINE NEW STEAMER CITY OF BUFFALO. 



Owning and Operating^ Magnificent and Fast Side Wheel Steamers 

CITY OF BUFFALO, (new) 

■S STATE OF OHIO, S- 

STATE OF NEW YORK 



DAILY LINE BETWEEN 



BUFFALO, CLEVELAND AND TOLEDO 



BUFFALO DIVISION TIME CARD-DAILY. 

Leave Buffalo, ... 8 30 p. M. I Leave Cleveland, . . 8.30 p. M. 

Arrive Cleveland, . . 7.3o A. M. | Arrive Buffalo, . . . 8.30 A. M. 

EASTERN STANDARD TIME. 

TICKETS SOLD AND BAGGAGE CHECKED TO ALL POINTS EAST, 
WEST AND SOUTHWEST. 



H. S. FISHER, General Agent, Buffalo, N. Y. 

T. F. NEWMAN, General Manager, W. F. HERMAN, General Passenger Agent, 
— — --— ^ — Cleveland, Ohio 




D 
w 

W 
Pi 
< 

a 
tn 

H 

O 

y 
w 



53 ELK— ELL 

^'^;","^^ r Capacity, bu. butchers, doing both retail and who'e- 

a^.^?^"^!^:::::.'.:: ::::::.: ZZl ^^^^ business. This market is the 

City B Sooiooo largest in the city and about it are 

C- }■ Wells 550,000 situated all, or nearly all, of the whole- 

ComSj,^'iVrminaV. ".■.'. ::*.*.';;: So.ooo sale commission men. In the early 

Dakota 850,000 morning this market is crowded by 

Eastern 1,500,000 the retail grocerymen, and buyers for 

irle c3 ft L^'RockY.:: ;.•.-.•.•.: 70,000 hotels and large boarding houses. 
Evans 400,000 Outside the market proper is a con- 
Exchange 500,000 tinuous line of booths, where fruit, 

Flax'seed.'.".*.*.'.'.'.'.'.'.':: ; '. ::'.V: ^isSoC g^-een groceries, butter, eggs and flow- 
International (Black Rock) 650,000 ers are disposed of by both men and 

Keliogs: . . . 600,000 women vendors. Where the whole- 

Madne"."!'!^ ..'.'.'.!*.'.*.'..!!!!!! ! 650,000 ^^^^ ^^^ Commission merchants in 

National" and Globe Mills.'. ..... ..'. ioo,'ooo foreign fruits display their tempting 

N. Y., L. E. & Western 720,000 cargoes, the crowd is always noisy 

Niafara ^'.'.'.V.' ^ :. '.'.'. '.'.'. '.'.'.'. '.". i,2oo;ooo ^"^ busy and in hot weather 'the air is 

Niagara C '200,000 redolent of berries, peaches, oranges, 

Ontario . . . . . . 450,000 apples and other fruit which is pleas- 

&"chmo^d\'.^-.^-.!"'.^.-;V.V.-.-V.- ^2^o;ooo ant. Saturday is the great market day 

Schreck (unused) and the scene at night is most interest- 

Sternburg (unused) ing as the numeous vendors grow 

sl;Sre'( unused ).■.".* .'.'.'. ■■.:.■;.■.■ f."?.'??? voluble in their rivilary. A regular 

Union 130,000 System of inspection of meats and 

^^'fson 600,000 vegetables is maintained, and all 

Wiikesori '!".*. .' .' . .' '. '. ....... ..'.'. 4oo!ooo ^auds and abuse corrected if reported 

William Wells (unused) ' . . to the clerk of the market. 

Total, 37 Elevators 16,575,000 :^iHcott Square Buildittg.-Elli- 

TRANSFER TOWERS. ^^^^ 5^^^^.^ j^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^f ^ ^^^^^^..^y 

Chicago : :!:;::::::: : .:.': : '.::: ."J^.'T structure, which is claimed to be the 

Merchants largest office building in the world. 

Northwest (unused) It fronts on four streets, one of them 

Raymond !^^."!'.^: '.'.'.'.'.'.W.W'. '. '. '. .' ! ! ! ! Main Street, the principal thorough- 

— !_1_"_ fare of Buffalo. The building is of 

Total, 6 Transfers 40,000 light gray brick and terra cotta. The 

FLOATERS. Weight of the steel frame is 5,550 tons. 

^yclone The corridors are laid with marble 

Free Canal. !.*..' ... . ....... .V. .. . . . iTiosaic, decorated with Italian marble, 

Free Trade and the woodwork is quartered red 

h-a Y. Munn q^]^ Xhe entire floor space is 447,000 

Ryan'!^^ .*.'..'.*..'.'.*. '...'....*!..*.'.".' ..... square feet. This magnificent edifice 

Dispatch Contains 40 stores on the ground floor, 

_ , , J, „, , 16 banking offices or counting rooms 

on the second floor and 600 other 

!Elk Street Market.— A large offices. There are 15 elevators beside 

wholesale market covering two squares a freight elevator and four sidewalk 

at Scott, E. Market, Elk and W. lifts. About 7,000 electric lights are 

Market Streets. The market building needed to light the building and the 

contains 50 stalls, chiefly occupied by heating apparatus requires 1534 steam 



ELL— EPI 



54 



radiators. TheVVestern Union Tele- 
graph Company have leased commod- 
ious quarters on the tenth floor, where 
they have the largest telegraphic re 
peating station in the world. The 
building wa,s begun on May 1,1895, and 
was complete May i, 1896. When the 
building is filled to its full capacity of 
tenants, clerks, office help, etc., it will 
contain a business community of 4,000 
to 5.000 people, and it is estimated that 
nearly 50,000 people pass in and out its 
doors daily. The cost of Ellicott 
Square, including the site, is said to be 
$3,350,000.00. 

]^llicott Sqare Club.— This Club 
which was organized in 1895, is a large 
and important organization. It has 
600 members with handsome Club 
apartments on the tenth floor of the 
Ellicott Square, with caf6, restaurant, 
club room. The entrance fee is |6o 00; 
annual dues I40.00. The Club is 
open daily from 8 a. m. to 8 p. m. 

^Elmwood Avenue. — A compara- 
tively new Street, running North from 
392 Virgina Street to Amherst Street. 
On the corner of Elmwood Avenue 
and Bouck Avenue is the new Lay- 
fayette Church (Presbyterian), a 
handsome structure of sandstone. 
There is also on Elmwood Avenue one 
of the finest schools in the city, erected 
in 1895. It has every modern improve- 
ment, including a well equipped gym- 
nasium and bowling alley. The Elm- 
wood Avenue cars connect with those 
on Forest Avenue, thus making this 
route to Park Lake very acceptable, 
as it is generally less crowded than the 
Cold Spring line. Many handsome 
residences have been erected on this 
Avenue during the last few years, 
herefore it is now considered a select 
resident district. 

iEmpire Knights of Relief. — 

The following Councils meet as fol- 
lows : 



Queen City No. i — 373 Vermont 
Street, first and third Thursday even- 
ings. 

Buffalo Council No. 3 — 241 Gen- 
esee Street, first and third Wednesday 
evenings. 

Riverside Council No. 8 — Every 
Thursday evening corner Chenango 
and Rhode Island Streets. 

Highland Park No. 64 — Every 
Monday evening at Odd Fellows' 
Hall, Main Street, corner Le Roy Av- 
enue. 

Home Council No. 80 — Fornes 
Building, 19 Court Street, second and 
fourth Mondays. 

Hydraulic Council No. 98— 
Seneca corner Swan Streets, first and 
third Thursdays. 

:Engineering, Bureau of.— This 
Bureau has charge of the construction 
and maintenance of sewers ; the locat- 
ing, laying out, opening, grading, pav- 
ing and repairing of all streets, ave- 
nues, alleys and places ; constructing 
and repairing of all side and cross- 
walks ; filling wells ; setting lamp- 
posts ; building docks and bulkheads 
and repairing same ; building and re- 
pairing bridges, culverts and sluices ; 
making and preserving all maps,plans, 
surveys, estimates and drawings relat- 
ing to the laying out, grading and 
paving of streets, and any other public 
improvements to be done by or under 
the supervision of the Department of 
Public Works. 

episcopal Churches.— The dif- 
ferent Episcopal Churches in the city 
are located as follows : 

Church of Ascension, — North 
Street, corner Linwood Avenue. 

Grace, — Corner Niagara and Pen- 
field Streets. 

Hutchinson Memorial Chapel — 
Rhode Island and Seventh Streets, 



55 



ERI 



St. Andrew's,— Goodell, between 
Elm and Michigan Streets. 

St. Barnabas, — Riley, corner 
Roehrer Street. 

St. Bartholomev's Chapel, — 
Howard, near Casey Street. 

Church of the Good Sheperd, 
(Ingersoll Memorial) — Jewett Avenue 
near Main Street. 

St. Ja:mes', — Corner Spring and 
Swan Streets. 

St. John's, — Corner Bidwell Park- 
way and Bouck Avenue. 

St Luke's, — Richmond Avenue, 
corner Summer Street. 

St. Mark's, — Dearborn Street, near 
Amherst. 

St.Marv's-on-the-Hill, — Niagara 
Street, corner Vermont. 

St. Matthew's (Mission), — 103 
Babcock Street. 

St. Paul's, — On triangle bounded 
by Erie, Church and Pearl Streets. 

St. Peter's (Mission), — Lovejoy, 
near Garfield Street. 

St. Phh^ip's, — Elm, between North 
and South Division Streets. 

St. Thomas', — 401 Elk Street. 

Trlxitv Church and Chapel, — 
Delaware Avenue, nearTupper Street. 

' Ktie Basin.— A bay formed by a 
part of the breakwater, which forms a 
shelter. Boats generally anchor here 
when in need of repairs. The Erie 
Basin extends from the foot of Georgia 
Street to Erie Street. 

lErie Canal. — Largest canal in the 
United States, and commercially one 
of the most important. It extends 
from Buffalo to Albany, N. y., a 
distance of 363 miles. Constructed 
under the provision of a bill adopted 
in State legislature 1817, and completed 
1S22 at a cost of I7, 602,000. Origin- 
ally it was 40 feet wide at the surface 



and 4 feet deep, but subsequent im- 
provements gave it a surface width of 
70 feet, bottom width 42 feet, and 
depth 7 feet, When the $9,000,000 
recently sanctioned by the people is 
judiciously expended, its capacity will 
be ten- fold the original, and the Erie 
Canal will be the greatest water way 
of commerce ever built by man. The 
flow of water is mostly from west to 
east, its west end at Buffalo being 567 
feet above its east end at Albany. 
Through its course it has 57 double 
and 15 single locks. 

!^rie County. — The county of 
Erie was organized and given its 
present name and boundaries in 1821. 
Erie County is bounded on tlie north 
by the center of Tonawanda creek 
and by the center of the east branch 
of Niagara River ( between Grand 
Island and Niagara county ) from the 
mouth of the Tonawanda to the 
junction with the west branch ; on the 
west by the line between the United 
States and Canada, from the junction 
up along the center of the west branch 
and of the whole river to Lake Erie, 
and thence southwesterly along the 
middle of the lake to a point where 
the international boundary makes a 
right angle with a line to the mouth of 
Cattaraugus creek ; on the south by 
a line from such point on intersection 
to the mouth of the Cattaraugus, and 
thence up along the center of that 
creek to the crossing of the line 
between the fourth and fifth ranges of 
the Holland Company's survey ; and 
on the east by the line between those 
ranges, from Cattaraugus creek to 
Tonawanda creek, except that for six 
miles opposite the town of Marilla the 
county line is a mile and a quarter 
west of the range line.. 

:^rie County Bank Building.— 

This is one of the finest buildings in 
the city and occupies the site original- 
ly owned by the First Presbyterian 



ERI— EVA 56 

Church, the square bounded by Main, 
Church, Pearl and Niagara Streets. 
The building is of red granite, nine 
stories high ; the interior being very 
handsomely finished. All the ground 
floors are of red Tennessee marble, 
with borders of black Glens Falls 
marble, while the floors on the stories 
above are of gray Knoxville marble. 
All the wall linings in main corridor 
and banking rooms are of St. Beaume 
marble, and those of the halls and 
corridors of Alps green marble. The 
counter fronts are of St. Beaume, Re- 
public pink Tennessee, and Lyonaise 
marbles with a frieze of Rose Jasper 
marble. The woodwork throughout 
is of mahogany. The building was 
erected in 1893 and has 140 offices. 
The entire first floor is monopolized 
by the Erie County Savings Bank and 
the Fidelity Trust and Guaranty Co. 

]^rie County Homeopatliic 
Medical Society.— This Society 
was organized in 1S57 and has some 
fifty members. Meetings are held 
annually upon the second Wednesday 
of January and at such other times as 
the president may appoint. 

Brie County Medical Society. 

— This Society, which is a large and 
important one, was organized in 1821 
and had for its first president Dr. 
Cyrenius Chapin, who had an offiice 
on Swan Street on the site now occu- 
pied by the Chapin Block. The 
Society is allopathic and its members 
doctors of good standing. Meetings 
are held in the Academy of Medicine 
the second Tuesdays in January and 
June ; other meetings are subject to 
the president's call. The membership 
is 350. 

^Evangelical Association.— 

Have churches as follows : 

First Church of the Evangeli- 
cal Association, corner Spruce and 
Sycamore Streets. 



Second Evangelical Associa- 
tion, Krettner Street, near William. 

St. Paul's Evangelical Associa- 
tion, Grape Street, near Virginia. 

Evangelical Protestant 
Christ's, Kehr Street, near Genesee. 

Rhode Island Street Mission 
OF the Evangelical Association, 
Rhode Island Street, between Chen- 
ango and Eighteenth. 

German Evangelical Reformed 
Emanuel's Church, corner Hum- 
boldt Parkway and Utica Street. 

German Evangelical Reformed 
Salem's, 413 Sherman Street. 

German Evangelical Reformed 
Zion's, Lemon Street, near Cherry. 

Bethlehem Evangelical, Bowen 
Street, near Walden Avenue. 

German Evangelical Friedens, 
Eagle Street, foot Monroe. 

St. Jacobi German Evangelical 
Lutheran, Jefferson Street, near 
High. 

German Evangelical St. Lucas, 
Richmond Avenue, corner Utica 
Street. 

Gerjnian Evangelical St. Mat- 
thew, Swan Street, corner Hager- 
man. 

German Evangelical St. Peter's, 
Genesee Street, corner Hickory. 

German Evangelical Trinitv, 
Gold, between Lovejoy and Luding- 
ton Streets. 

German United Evangelical 
Bethania, Eaton Street, between 
Masten and Jefferson. 

German United Evangelical 
St. John's, Amherst Street, near 
East. 

German United Evangelical St. 
Marcus, 393 Oak Street. 

German United Evangelical St. 
Paul's, Ellicott Street, between Tup- 
per and Goodell. 




ERIE COUNTY BANK BUILDING 



HOTEL ONTARIO 

Formerly New Gruener Hotel. 



.^ W 



^ '^ ^ 




Rebuilt Newly Furnished, Centrally Located, 

Electric Lights, All Modern Improvements, 

One block from Theatres. 

. AMERICAN PLAN. • 



RATES, $2.00- $2.50 PER DAY. 



A. BEQUE, Proprietor. 



Washin 
and Huron 



fn'Sts., Buffalo, N.Y. 



YOUR EYES ^ 

EXAMINED FREE OF CHARGE 




Oeulists' preseriptioQS carefully 
filled at lou/ prices. 



J. H. ULLENBRUCH 

. LEADING OPTICIAN . 
286 MAIN STREET, (opp. Ellicott Square) 



J8®"My Jewelry Department is the most com- 
plete. Prices right. 



JOSEPH STROKA, 



STEAMSHIP 
TICKET OFFICE 



* Real Estate 



'1^ 



Round Trips to Europe. 



^-i 



Letters of Credit, Drafts, Money Orders, Collections on 
all parts of the world. 

443 Fillmore Ave., - BUFFALO, N. Y. 

TELEPHONE, HOWARD 156. 



57 



EXC— EXP 



German United Evangelical St. 
Stephen's, Peckhain Street, coiner 
Adams, 

D^xchanges. — See Business Men's 
Associations. 

l^xchang-e Street. — A long street 
running- east from Main to 1007 Seneca 
Street. The N. Y. C. & H. R. R. 
station is upon this street also the 
Erie station, and the whole street is 
monopolized by warehouses, ticket 
offices, small hotels, etc. 

;^xcursions. — -The boats of up- 
wards of 20 lines of excursion steamers 
leave and arrive night and day through 
the summer season from May until the 
middle of October. They ply between 
the city and various ports on lake and 
river where summer resorts are estab- 
lished, on the American and Canadian 
shores, including the wonderful rides 
down the river, the choice of two 
lines being given, to where the 
white surges of the Rapids and the 
wrath-like spray of Niagara Falls 
rises to heaven like steam from the 
body of a giant in travail. Even to 
those who have already seen that 
world's wonder, Niagara Falls, before, 
the new trolley lines connecting with 
the Buffalo steamboats on the Ameri- 
can and Canadian sides, and running 
respectively to Lewiston and Queen- 
ston along the very brink of the 
beautiful Niagara Gorge, afiford an at- 
traction and will yield a delight equal- 
ling, if not exceeding, that experienced 
on the first view of the cataract 

Niagara Falls and Buffalo are 
practically one city, but 30 minutes in 
time from each other, and connecting 
by trains on several roads, running at 
intervals on an average of half an 
hour apart. Fare 50 cents, Excurs- 
ions on Wednesday and Sunday. 
Fare 50 cents for round trip. 

That novelty in steam railroading — 
regular passenger trains running with- 



out an engine and operated by trolley 
deriving power from the wonderful 
turbine wheels of Niagara Falls will 
be one of the interesting phases of a 
visit to Buffalo this year. The New 
York Central R. R. is already equipp- 
ing its line between here and the Falls 
for the use of electricity. The Falls 
may also be reached by a trolly line 
via Tonawada. Cars leave Niagara 
and Main Streets every 15 minutes dur- 
ing the day. Fare 35 cents. A good 
way to make this trip is to go one way 
by boat or steam cars, and tha other yb 
trolley. Regular excursions are run to 
Chautauqua Lake on Wednesday and 
Sunday of each week via Erie and 
N. Y. & P. railroads. Fare for round 
trip including the boat-ride the entire 
length of Lake Chautauqua, fi.oo. 
Special excursions are frequently run 
to Portage, Rochester, Charlotte. 
Toronto, Watkins Glen, Thousand 
Islands, Adirondack Mountains, and 
other points of interest. For various 
excursion lines and time tables, see 
under their own head, and the daily 
papers. 

i^xposition Buildings. — These 
buildings are located on the grounds 
of the Buffalo Driving Park Associa- 
tion, who now own them, on East 
Ferry Street, and are now only used 
occasionaly. The main building is 
about 400 feet long and three stories 
high. There are a number of minor 
buildings and sheds. They were 
erected to accommodate the Inter- 
national Fair which was first held in 
1888 and again the following year. 

iExpress Companies.— The 

offices of the several express compan- 
ies in the city are as follows : Ameri- 
can, 251 Main Street; National, 354 
Main Street ; United States, 13 East 
Swan Street ; Wells-Fargo, 20 West 
Eagle Street. Packages and par- 
cels can be forwarded from Buffalo 
to any part of the world through these 



EYE— FIR 



58 



companies. All the companies will 
call for and deliver all packages or 
parcels at any house in the city or 
suburbs where they have branch 
offices. All goods passing through 
their hands are registered and a re- 
ceipt given, thus the companies make 
themselves liable for all losses. 

15 y e and Bar Dispensary. — 
(see Dispensaries and Infirmaries. ) 

Falconwood Club. — Organized 
in 1870 ; one of the oldest social clubs 
having a resort on Grand Island. The 
Falconwood club-house is on the 
southwest shore, and is very attrac- 
tive. During the season many large 
social events take place, as the com- 
pany has every facility for the enjoy- 
ment of its pleasure-seeking members. 
The Club has 84 members at present. 

Fencing". — The principal place for 
the instruction of fencing is the Buffalo 
Gymnasium, where a fencing master 
gives lessons to a class once a week. 

Ferries. — The main ferry is at the 
foot of West Ferry Street, where the 
ferry-boat '' Union" makes trips every 
half-hour to old Fort Erie. There is 
also a ferry at the foot of Main, run- 
ing to Fort Erie, but this is only used 
during the summer season. Passengers, 
five cents each way ; children under 
twelve years, three cents ; horse and 
rider, ten cents ; one-horse vehicle and 
driver, fifteen cents (each additional 
passenger, five cents) ; two- horse 
vehicle and driver, twenty-five cents. 
Trips are made every fifteen minutes. 
Hand bags or luggage must be opened 
for customs inspection. 

Ferry Street — A long street run- 
ning east and west. It begins at the 
canal and extends to Bailey Avenue. 
At the foot of West Ferry Street are 
the docks of various boats, the ferry, 
which runs to Fort Erie, a railway 
station where many of the trains stop, 
public and private boat-houses, etc. 
(See Excursions.) 



Fire, Department of. — The De- 
partment of Fire consists of three 
commissioners, secretary and surgeon, 
with a Chief of Department, salary 
^3,060 ; assistant chief, salary $2,200 ; 
and four batallion chiefs at $1,600 
each. The headquarter's staff'consists 
of a master mechanic, one chief and 
three other operators, one line re- 
pairer, three linemen, and one super- 
intendent of horses. The force con- 
sists of thirty-eight captains, forty 
lieutenants, thirty engineers, twenty- 
six assistant engineers, one hundred 
ninety-two firemen first grade, twenty 
firemen second grade, four fire-boat 
pilots and thirty-five substitutes. 

Fire Insurance.— Nearly all the 

insurance of the City of Buffalo is 
placed by the members of the Buffalo 
Association of Fire Underwriters. 
This Association was organized in 
1879 ^^^^ incorporated in 1881. Tliere 
are 98 firms who are members, and 
they represent over 100 of the leading 
insurance companies doing business in 
this State. The object of the Asso- 
ciation is to establish and maintain 
rates. Each risk is rated separately, 
giving the well-built buildings the 
benefit of a better rate than the poorly 
constructed building of the same class. 
The board meets as a body on each 
Wednesday at their rooms in the Dun 
Building". There are three regular fire 
insurance companies whose home 
offices are located in this city. 



J, l/ocation of. — 

Court Street, Cor, 



Fire Engines, 

Headquarters- 
of Staat. 

Water Towner, No. i — Court Cor. 
Staat Streets. 

Engine No. i. — 41 South Division 
Street. 

Engine No. 2. — 306 Jersey Street. 

Engine No, 3. — 312 Spring Street. 

Engine No, 4. — 138 Spruce Street. 

Engine No. 5. — 197 Emslie Street. 

Engine No. 6. — 298 Smith Street, 



Engine No. 7. — 11 Franklin Street. 

Engine No. 8. — 138 Chicago Street. 

Engine No. 9. — 719 Washington St. 

Engine No. 10. — 38 Perry Street. 

Engine No. ir. — 1197 Niagara St. 

Engine No. 12. — 418 Chicago St. 

Engine No. 13. — 8 Staats Street. 

Engine No. 14. — 1030 William St. 

Engine No. 15. — 104 Amherst St. 

Engine No. 16. — 1418 Main Street. 

Engine No. 17. — 512 Rhode Island 
Street. 

Engine No. 18. — io3oFillmore Ave. 

Engine No. 19. — 209 Forest Ave. 

Engine No. 20. — (Fire boat " Geo. 
R. Porter, ") Black well Canal and 
Michigan Street. 

Engine No. 21. — 421 Best Street. 

Engine No. 22. — 1528 Broadway. 

Engine No. 23. — (Fire boat "John 
M. Hutchinson,") foot of Genesee 
Street. 

Engine No. 24. — 108 Leroy Ave. 

Engine No. 25. — 1719 Seneca St. 

Engine No. 27. — ^Johnson near 
Broadway. 

Hook and Ladder No. i. — 751 
Washington Street. 

Hook and Ladder No. 2. — 43 S. 
Division Street. 

Hook and Ladder No. 3. — 308 
Spring Street. 

Hook and Ladder No. 4. — 1195 
Niagara Street. 

Hook and Ladder No. 5. — 700 E. 
Seneca .Street. 

Hook and Ladder No. 6. — 423 
Best Street. 

Hook and Ladder No. 7. — 112 
Leroy Avenue. 

Chemical No. i. — 9 Franklin St. 

Chemical No. 2. — 416 Chicago St 

Chemical No. 3. — 498 Pearl Street. 

Chemical No. 4. — 146 High Street. 

Chemical No. 5. — Cleveland Ave. 

Firemen's Benevolent Associa- 
tions. — There are several important 
and prosperous benevolent associa- 
tions connected with the Fire Depart- 



59 FIR-FIS 

ment or of exempt firemen. Among 
the number are : 

The Buffalo Fire Department 
Beneficiary Association, which 
meets at H. and L. No. 2 House, 
South Division, near Washington. It 
was organized in October, 1887, and 
was then called the Hornung Council 
of the Order of American Firemen. 
In 1888 it withdrew from that order 
and formed the Hornung Beneficiary 
Association. On July i, 1893, it as- 
sumed its present title. It has 376 
members, and in case of death of a 
member, the assessment as a bene- 
ficiary is 12.00 each. In case of sick- 
ness an allowance of $5.00 per week 
is allowed for 26 weeks. 

Exempt Firemen's Association. 
Headquarters, 510 Washington Street. 

Veteran Volunteer Firemen's 
Association. Organized February 
3, 1893. Headquarters, 177 Pine 
Street. 

Fishing". — Niagara River is as good 
a place as can be found for fishing, it 
being the outlet of the northern chain 
of lakes. In leaving Buffalo for a 
day's angling, boats, fishing tackle 
and bait may be procured from any of 
the several boat-houses at the foot of 
Porter Avenue, Ferry and Amherst 
Streets or Hertel Avenue. Muska- 
lounge, pike, bass, pickerel, perch 
and many other kinds of fish may be 
caught in the river in season. The 
most popular fishing place is Lewis- 
ton; and Niagara-on-the-Lake is an 
excellent spot to fish for black bass, 
while many a good "catch " has been 
boasted from many points on the 
River above the Falls. 

Pishing Clubs. — Buffalo abounds 
in so-called fishing clubs. They are 
generally social organizations that 
spend one or more days during the 
summer for a trip "down the river." 
The outfit for a day's sport is usually 



FIS— FLO 



60 



a tug accompanied by a barge, and a 
quantity of bait, beer and bolognas. 
The best-known fishing clubs in the 
city are the Sprudels and Niagaras. 

Fishi Markets. — Buffalo is the 
largest fresh fish market in the world. 
The Buffalo Fish Company handles 
more fresh fish than any other con- 
cern in existence. The headquarters 
of the company are here, which is the 
most convenient point for distribution, 
and from here fish is. shipped to widely 
distant points. 

Fitch Institute — At the south- 
west corner of Michigan and Swan 
Streets, is a handsome brick building 
finished in 1893 and build with money 
given in 1880 by Benjamin Fitch, one 
of the chief philanthropists of Buffalo. 
It is owned and occcupied by the 
Charity Organization Society of 
Buffalo. In the Fitch Institute is also 
the Fitch Accident Hospital, which is 
a department of the Charity Organ- 
ization Society. It was established in 
1886 for the temporary care of the in- 
jured, and during the year 1895 
received nearly four thousand patients, 
about six hundred of whom were 
brought in its ambulance. The Fitch 
Institute also contains the Fitch 
Provident Dispensary, another branch 
of the Charity Organization Society, 
opened in 1883. The same building 
is also the headquarters of the Fresh 
Air Mission of Buffalo, the Buffalo 
Civil Service Reform Association, and 
the Trinity Co-operative Society, and 
is occupied occasionally by the 
Deaconesses and other societies. 

Pitch Creche. — Immediately to 
the west of the Fitch Institute is the 
Fitch Creche, or Day Nursery, which 
is also owned and operated by the 
Charity Organization Society. The 
Creche, like the parent society, has the 
distinction of being the first of its 
kind in America, and many will 



remember the model Creche operated 
at Chicago during the World's Fair by 
the Buffalo institution. Besides caring 
for hundreds of children whose 
mothers are thus enabled to go out to 
work, it maintains a training school 
for nurses and an employment bureau 
for mothers. Visitors are cordially 
welcomed at both the Fitch Institute 
and the Creche. 

Flats. — (see Apartment Houses.) 

Florists' Club. — The scope of the 
original organization was the promot- 
ing of the interests and elevation of 
commercial and professional florists. 
In an incorporation of the Club under 
State laws in 1891, its membership 
was opened to subscribing members 
also. The Club successfully enter- 
tained the Society of American Flor- 
ists in annual convention in August, 
1889, and conducted the Chrysanthe- 
mum Shows and Floral Exhibitions in 
the years of 1890, 1891 and 1892 re- 
spectively. Regular meetings are held 
on the second Tuesday of each month. 

Flour Mills. — The following state- 
ment shows the names and capacity 
of the mills of Buffalo and vicinity, 
and the number of barrels of flour 
manufactured during the year 1895, 
from information derived from the 
owners of the several mills specified : 

Capaciti'^ Barrels 

Name of Mill. 24 hours. M'f'd. 

Banner 600 118,730 

Buffalo City 600 91,000 

Marine 200 15.916 

National and Globe 1,000 140,250 

Queen City 300 28,000 

Urban Roller 1,000 262,561 

Cataract, at Niagara Falls, 

N. Y 600 144,200 

Central, Niagara Falls, N.Y. 2,000 238,650 
Niagara Falls, at Niagara 

Falls, N. Y 2,000 233,966 

Tonawanda Roller, at Ton- 

awanda, N. Y 200 3T1250 

Total 8,500 1,304,523 

Flowers. — Florists' establishments 
are mostly found on Main Street. The 




RED JACKET MONUMENT 



6i 



FOR 



prices of flowers vary very much with 
the season, being usually cheapest in 
June and most expensive at the holi- 
days when the demand is greatest. 
There are a number of hot houses and 
greeneries within the city limits too, 
where flowers are sold. One at Main 
and Halcom Streets, where transfers 
are made from the Cold Spring cars to 
those running to the Park and Forest 
Lawn. Visitors to the cemetery can 
obtain flowers here conveniently and 
they will be fresh when placed upon 
the grave, not having been carried 
from the heart of the city. Chrysan- 
themum Shows and Floral Exhibitions 
take place from time to time and local 
exhibitors are warmly praised for their 
fine specimens. Flowers are not sold 
on the streets much in Buffalo except 
early in Spring, when Indians swarm 
into town with bunches of arbutus 
and sassafras to sell, or later in the 
season when boys stand about the 
street corners and sell water lilies . 

Foresters, Independent Order 

of. — The different Courts meet in 
Buffalo as follows : 

Court Niagara No. 227. — First 
and third Wednesday evening at 
Harugari Hall, 259 Genesee Street. 

Court of Buffalo No. 459. — 
Second Thursday evening over 24 W. 
Eagle Street. 

Court Lehigh No. 744.— Second 
and fourth Thursday evenings at 
O'Grady's Hall, corner Broadway and 
Baily Avenue. 

Court Sheridan No. 761. — At 
Union Hall, Jefferson Street corner 
Bristol. 

Court O.mega No. 828— Second 
and fourth Tuesdays at Yox Hall, cor, 
William and Shumway Streets, 

Court Black Rock No. 1124. — 
First and second Thursday at 
Philippbar's Hall, corner Niagara and 
Amherst Streets, 



Court Columbia No. 1156. — First 
and third Mondays at Foresters' Hall, 
corner Michigan and Northampton 
Streets. 

Court East Buffalo No. 1184. — 
First and third Mondays at Krause 
Hall, corner Genesee and Herman 
Streets. 

Court Lake Erie No. 1205. — Each 
Monday evening at Steingoetter's 
Hall, corner Michigan and William 
Streets. 

Court Vinita No. 1225. — Each 
Thursday at Ryan's Hall, Hamburg 
and Elk Streets. 

Court Red Jacket No. 1296. — 
Every Monday at Clinton Hall, cor. 
Seneca and Maurice Streets. 

Court West Side No. 1306. — 
Every Thursday evening at Delahunt's 
Hall, Fourteenth, corner Connecticut 
Street. 

Court Lackawanna No. 1335 — 
Second and last Saturdays at Klock's 
Hall, Gold, corner Lovejoy Street. 

Court Porter No, 1393. — Second 
and fourth Wednesdays at Foresters' 
Hall, West Forest Avenue. 

Court Fillmore No. 1712, — 
Every Wednesday evening at White 
Elephant, over 340 Main Street. 

Court Alabama No. 1768. — Second 
and Fourth Friday at Ryan's Hall, 
corner Hamburg and Elk Streets. 

Court Ina No. 1778. — Every Wed- 
nesday over 527 Main Street. 

Court Highland Park No. 1801 — 
First and third Friday, Le Roy Ave. 
and Main Street. 

Forest I^awn. — Access to this 
beautiful cemetery may be had either 
by the entrance at the corner of Dela- 
ware and Delavan Avenues, or on 
Main Street. It is owned by a stock 
company and is an incorporated trust. 
This is the chief city cemetery and 
covers 267 >^ acres of ground, beauti- 
fully laid out. The Scajaquada creek 
runs through the center of the ceme- 



FOR 



62 



tery, and the glint of its sparkling wa- 
ter lend added grace to the already 
pleasing prospect. There is no more 
beautiful spot in Buffalo than this 
sacred precinct of the dead. Just to 
the right of the Delaware entrance 
stands the Red Jacket monument 
erected by the Buffalo Historical Soci- 
ety to the honor and memory of the 
famous Indian chief and orator of the 
Seneca nation. It is a life-sized statue 
in bronze upon a granite base and cost 
|io,ooo. On the same section is the 
handsome Dimick monument and the 
Bliss obelisk, which is 151 feet from 
bottom of base to apex The Blocher 
monument, which is near the Delaware 
Avenue entrance, is of Ouincy granite, 
having a bell dome and four heavy 
plate glass windows ; in the chamber 
are three life-sized statues, that of a 
young man reading on a couch and 
his father and mother looking on, 
while a guardian angel is suspended at 
his head. The statues were sculptured 
in Italy and are of Italian marble. The 
marble sarcophogus in section 9 is 
II by 7 feet, and is a fine piece of 
work, as is also the Riley monument 
in section 7. In section X is an- 
other gothic monument of granite, 
having five statues, one on each corner 
and one inside the chamber. In sec- 
tion H is the McCuen monument, an 
extra fine piece of granite cut into a 
maltese cross. Another fine granite 
monument is the Bailey sphere, which 
is seven feet in diameter. The princi- 
pal mausleums are that of Meyers in 
section X which is of Hollawell granite, 
and those of Skinner and Letch worth, 
in section 7, of red sandstone, 
and Imson's, in section 12, of Barrie 
granite. The Clement monument, a 
granite shaft 41 feet high, is another 
imposing memento. The Soldier's 
monument is in section 8, of gran- 
ite, with a life-sized statue on top, 
having a base 12 feet square. A 
chapel was erected in 1882, and a 



handsome conservatory, has recently 
been added to provide more accom- 
modation for funeral services. This 
conservatory is 27x60 feet and 21 
feet high from floor to ridge. The 
main receiving vault holds 100 bodies. 
Forest Lawn may be reached by three 
lines of cars : the Cold Spring line, the 
Elmwood Avenue line and the Niaga- 
ra Street cars which connect with 
those of Forest Avenue. It is no un- 
common thing on a Memorial Day to 
see from 30,000 to 40,000 people in 
this cemetery. All visitors, whether 
in vehicles or on foot, are required to 
exhibit tickets of admission to the 
gate keeper in order to gain admit- 
tance. Such tickets can be obtained 
by proper persons, on application at 
the office of the Association and are 
not transferable. 

Fort ;^rie. — A small summer re- 
sort opposite Buffalo on the Canadian 
shore. Victoria, which is opposite 
Ferry Street, is sometimes erroneously 
called Fort Erie. A regular ferry 
plies between Victoria and Buffalo 
throughout the year. Fort Erie Grove 
is reached direct by ferry boat from 
the foot of Main Street, or by ferry at 
the foot of Ferry Street, and excur- 
sion cars from Victoria. The usual 
number of picnic attractions are of- 
fered, such as groves, dance-halls, 
merry-go-rounds, bowling alleys, etc. 
There is one point of real interest to 
the excursionist in the ruins of the 
old fort, which may be seen between 
the excursion landing and Victoria. 
Fort Erie was garrisoned by the Brit- 
ish for many years, and was captured 
by the American forces in 1814. but 
was relinquished at the end of the 
war. 

Port Porter is on Front Avenue 
north of Porter Avenue. This Fort is 
beautifully situated. It stands upon a 
hill overlooking the Niagara River. 
There are two companies stationed 



here. Companies A and G of the 13th 
U. S. Infantry. The soldiers' bar- 
racks are situated on Front Avenue at 
the head of Rhode Island Street, the 
building being of brick and only two 
stories high. The hospital, erected in 
1889, is also brick and is on Front 
Avenue and Sheridan Terrace. The 
guard house is on Front Avenue near 
the center of the Post, and to the right 
are located the officers' quarters. The 
military ri_i^inie is very thorough 
throughout, and a visit to this Post at 
sunset, when a dress parade takes 
place, is always interesting, and the 
surroundings, in summer especially are 
delightful ; everything is beautifully 
kept and the tasteful arrangement 
of flowers and home-like appearance 
of the officers' homes lend additional 
charm. 

Fox-Huntitigf. — The chief hunt is 
undertaken by members of the Coun- 
try Club, and occurs at Geneseo, 
where a pack of hounds are main- 
tained. The hunt consists of follow- 
ing the " drag," when a bagged fox 
is let loose and ruii down to death. 

Franklin Street. — A fine resi- 
dence street running north from Ter- 
race to North Street, having many 
important public buildings, chief 
among which are : Police Headquar- 
ters, St, Joseph's Cathedral, Miss 
Nardin's Academy, City and County 
Hall, Buffalo High School,- Grosvenor 
Library, and at the head of the street, 
St. Margaret's School, an Episcopal 
seminary for young ladies. 

Freemasonry. — Buffalo is one of 
the flourishing Masonic centers of the 
United States. The chief rendezvous 
of the order is the Masonic Temple, 
Nos. 43 and 45 Niagara Street, The 
temple is a superb seven-story struc- 
ture of brick and red sandstone, fin- 
ished throughout in magnificent style' 
The interior arrangementof the temple 



63 FOX— FRE 

is planned solely to meet the require- 
ments of the order, and the lodge, 
chapter, council, commandery and 
other rooms are lavishly and beauti- 
fully ornamented. Nearly all the Ma- 
sonic bodies in the city meet in the 
temple. The order in this city com- 
prises II lodges, with 3,500 members; 
four Royal Arch Chapters, with 1,069 
members ; two Royal and Select Coun- 
cils, with 324 members ; two Com- 
manderies, with 584 members; one 
Lodge of Perfection, Scottish Rite, 
with 370 members ; one Scottish Rite 
Council, with 370 members ; one Rose 
Croix Chapter, with 350 members ; 
one Consistory, with 269 members ; 
one Eastern Star Chapter, whose mem- 
bers are the ladies of the families of 
Masons ; one Temple of the Mystic 
Shrine, with about 920 members, and 
one Grotto of the Veiled Prophets, 
with 150 members. The Masonic 
Club of the city is the Acacia Club, 
whose rooms in the temple are said to 
be the finest and most commodious 
quarters occupied by any Masonic 
club in the world. This club numbers 
over 700 members. Visitor to Buffalo 
who desire to attend meetings of the 
various bodies, will find the dates and 
places of meetings appended. During 
the months of June, July and August 
little or no work is done by the Ma- 
sonic bodies, but in the other months 
the Temple is the scene of constant 
activity. The directory of the order in 
Buffalo as follows: 

Hiram No. 105 — Second and fourth 
Friday evenings, at Temple, 43 Niagara 
Street. 

Concordia No. 143. — Meets second 
and fourth Wednesday evenings, at 
Temple. 

Erie No. t6i. — Meets first and 
third Thursday evenings, at Temple. 

Washington No. 240. — Meets 
second and fourth Thursday evenings, 
at Temple. 



FRE 64 

Parish No. 292. — Meets first and 
third Tuesday evenings, at Temple. 

MoDESTiA No. 340. — Meets first and 
third Monday evenings, at Temple. 

Queen City No. 358 — Meets first 
and third Friday evenings, at Temple, 

Ancient Landmark No. 441. — 
Meets first and third Tuesday evenings, 
over the German American Bank, 
Main Street corner Court. 

De Molay No. 498. — Meets, every 
second and fourth Tuesday evenings, 
at Temple. 

Harmonie No. 699. — Meets first 
and third Wednesday evenings, at 
Temple. 

Occidental No. 766. — Meets 
second and fourth Thursday evenings, 
at Philippbar's Hall, Niagara corner 
Amherst Streets. 

Buffalo Chapter No. 71. (Royal 
Arch.) — Meets first and third Wednes- 
day evenings, at Temple. 

Keystone Chapter No. 163. 
(Royal Arch.) — Meets second and 
fourth Wednesday evenings,at Temple. 

Adytum Chapter No. 235. (Royal 
Arch.) — Meets second and fourth 
Wednesday evenings, over the German 
American Bank, Main corner Court 
Street. 

Germania Chapter No. 259. 
(Royal Arch.)— Meets first and third 
Thursday evenings, at Temple. 

Naomi Chapter No. T02. (Order 
Eastern Star) — Meets second and 
fourth Tuesday evenings, at Temple. 

Buffalo Council Royal and 
Select Masters No. 17. — Meets 
second Thursday evenings, at Temple. 

Keystone Council No. 20. — Meets 
third Tuesday evening, at Temple. 

Lake Erie Commandery No. 20. 
(K. T.) — Meets second and fourth 
Monday evenings, at Temple. 



Hugh de Payens Commandery 
No 30. (K. T.) — Meets second and 
fourth Monday evenings, at Temple. 

Palmoni Lodge of Perfection 
(14th Degree A. A. S. R.)— Meets 
fourth Tuesday evening, monthly, at 
Temple. 

Palmoni Council Princes of 
Jerusalem (i6th Degree A. A. S. R.) 
— Meets fourth Thursday evenings, 
monthly, at Temple. 

Buffalo Chapter of Rose Croix 
( 17th and i8th Degree A. A. S. R. )— 
Meets third Friday evenings, monthly, 
at Temple. 

Buffalo Consistory, S. P. R. S. 
(32d Degree A. A. S. R.) — Meets 
fourth Friday evening, monthly, at 
Temple. 

Ancient Arabic Order of 
Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, 
IsMAiLiA Temple. — Meets every 29th 
evening of the month, at Temple. 

ZuLEiKA Grotto No. 10. (Mystic 
Order of the Veiled Phrophets of the 
Enchanted Realm.) — Meets first Tues- 
day of each month in Masonic Temple. 

Masonic Board of Reilef. — Meets 
third Saturday in January, April, July 
and October, at Temple. 

Masonic Hall Association of 
the City of Buffalo, Incorporated 
May 3, 1888. Office, Masonic Temple. 

Masonic Life Association of 
Western New York. Incorporated 
1872, Office in the Temple, 43 Niag- 
ara Street. Open daily, except Sunday, 
from 8 a. m. to 6 p. m. 

Fresh Air Mission of Buffalo. — 

The Fresh Air Mission sends each 
summer, from the last week of June to 
the first week of September about 800 
children into the country, for a vaca- 
tion of two weeks each. About one- 
half are sent to "Cradle Beach," a 
piece of land containing about 47 
acres, purchased in 1890. It is beauti- 



fully situated on the shore of Lake 
Erie, at Angola, 25 miles from Buffalo, 
and has a house which accommodates 
eighty children and is kept full through 
the season. It is probable that a new 
dormitory will be built this fall, so that 
hereafter 150 children can be accom- 
modated at Cradle Beach. The Fresh 
Air Mission also sends many children 
for a fortnight each to country homes 
in Western New York. Boys from 
four to ten years of age are sent, and 
girls from four to twelve years of age, 
without reference to nationality or 
religion. It is not possible to admit 
any at Angola, however, who are so 
delicate as to need special attention. 
Applications for invitations may be 
made at any of the offices of the 
Charity Organization Society. Chil- 
dren must be clean and must come 
provided with the necessary clothes. 
No clothes are given by the Fresh Air 
Mission, except in cases of necessity. 
The work depends wholly upon volun- 
tary subscriptions. The Fresh Air 
Mission and Fresh Air Mission Hospi- 
tal have a common treasury and re- 
ceived in 1895 $2,178.17 in subscrip- 
tions, and 1:2,328.98 from the *' Cradle 
Banks," which are placed in about 
300 of the principal public places of 
Buffalo. 

Fresh Air Mission Hospital. — 

Organized 1893, in temporary head- 
quarters at Cradle Beach, Angola ; 
incorporated 1S94. In 1894 land was 
purchased and hospital buildings erect- 
ed at Athol Springs on the shore of 
Lake Erie, nine miles from BufTalo, 
The hospital is for cholera infantum 
only, and has thirty beds. Beds may 
be endowed annually by a payment 
of I50 a year, or permanently by paying 
St, 000. Endowment gives a right 
to name a bed, but no control as 
to its occupancy. The hospital opens 
about June ist and closes September 
1st, Mothers are expected to remain 



65 FRE— FUR 

with their babies at the hospital, 
unless special reasons make this im- 
possible. Children sick with cholera 
infantum may be sent on application 
to Dr. Irving M. Snow, 476 Franklin 
Street, or Dr. DeWitt H. Sherman, 
666 Main Street, who constitute the 
staff of the hospital, or in urgent cases 
to any one of the district physicians. 
Railroad tickets are provided at the 
Fitch Institute. The resources of the 
hospital are the same as of the Fresh 
Air Mission, except that the endowed 
beds brought in in 1896 an income of 
$1200. 

Friends. — The Friends meeting 
house in this city is located at 173 
Allen Street. 

Front, The.— (See Parks.) 

Furniture. — Artistic furniture of 
various designs may be seen at any of 
the warerooms of our leading dealers, 
and it is well worth the time spent to 
go through such houses as Hersee & 
Co., at 245-255 Ellicott Street ; Har- 
per Furniture Co., 571-575 Main Street; 
D. E. Morgan, Son & Allen Co., cor- 
ners Main, Huron and Pearl Streets ; 
Charles F. Doll, 477-489 Washington 
Street, and John G, Seeger, 122-126 
East Genessee Street. Superb furni- 
ture, both foreign and domestic, of 
antique and modern workmanship is 
shown at all the above places, which 
are of high repute. There are other 
houses which are really museums of 
beautiful and varied posessions. These 
are not, however, confined to furniture, 
but handle stoves, carpets, dishes, cur- 
tains, draperies, etc., and may be 
classed rather as house furnishers. 
Such an one is Irish & English, at 
303-307 Washington Street ; Henry 
Messersmith, 306-320 Michigan Street, 
and manv others we cannot enumer- 
ate. The last named dealers sell fur- 
niture and all household goods on the 
installment plan, taking monthly pay- 



GAR— GEN 



66 



ments ; thus the working class are able 
to procure furniture of good average 
quality for a small payment down and 
plenty of time to settle the account. 

Garbage. — The Baynes Garbage 
Reduction Works are situated in 
Cheektowaga, six hundred feet from 
the city line. To these works are 
sent all the garbage of the city where 
it undergoes a certain process. In 
this manner a certain amount of oil 
is obtained, and what is left is turned 
into ferterlizer. This work runs day 
and night and disposes of 40 loads of 
garbage daily. 33 men are employed. 

Gaslight Companies. — The 

price of gas in Buffalo is $1.00 net per 
1. 000 cubic feet, when burned at the 
ordinary pressure. Following is a 
list of the companies : Buffalo Gas 
Company, on ^A/'est Genesee Street, 
cor. of Jackson. These large works 
cover an entire block and is the oldest 
gas company in the city. Organized 
in 1848. Citizens Gas Company, sit- 
uated on corner Fourth and Georgia 
Streets. They have manufactured gas 
since 1874. The Mutual Gaslight 
Company, at 545 Elk Street, with an 
up-town office at 11 E. Seneca Street, 
organized in 1870. The service-pipe 
connecting the company's main with 
the meter, which is generally placed 
in the basement or cellar of a building, 
is furnished and kept in repair by the 
company. Meters are also supplied 
by the company without charge. 
For every meter supplied by them the 
companies are by law allowed to exact 
a desposit $ 5.00. For this deposit 
they will furnish a receipt agreeing to 
refund it with interest at the demand 
of the depositor, provided all bills, for 
gas furnished him have been settled. 
The authorized agents of the company 
are entitled to access to the meters, fit- 
tings, and pipes at all reasonable hours. 
The meter can be removed or the gas 
cut off for non-payment of bills for 



fraudulent consumption of gas, or for 
tampering with the meter, but such 
work must be done between the hours 
of 8 a. m. and 6 p. m. . Every meter 
furnished by the companies is first 
inspected and tested by the State 
Inspector, who fixes his seal to it as a 
guarantee of accuracy. (See Natural 
Gas.) 

General Hospital. — Occupies a 
beautiful site at 100 High Street, just 
east of Main. The grounds cost 
125,108.59 and the present buildings 
$ 89, 919.84 which accommodates about 
175 patients. The new building, now 
in course of erection, when completed 
will cost $ 225,000.00 and have capacity 
for 325 patients. The new structure, 
on the same grounds will be magnifi- 
cent, being built of pre.ssed brick 
with enameled terra-cotta trimings and 
constructed in divisions. 

The Buffalo General Hospital is de- 
signed as a general charity to afford 
gratuitous medical and surgical relief 
to indigent persons ; as extensive a 
diffusion of the benefits of the institu- 
tion as is practicable, is the end sought 
after. Two thousand one hundred 
and nine patiehts were treated during 
the year 1895 in this hospital. In 
addition to charity patients cared for 
in the hospital there are always a 
goodly number of private cases which 
are charged according to the accomo- 
dation they desire; if they occupy a bed 
in the ward they are received for $ 7.00 
per week, but when requiring private 
rooms the fees are from $9.00 to 
1 25.00. 

In connection with the hospital is a 
large training school for nurses. 
Pupils are received into the School to 
form classes January first and July 
first, and at other times to fill vacan- 
cies. The requirements for admission 
into the School are : Good moral 
character, sound health, suitable age 
(between twenty-two and thirty-five 



years), an ordinary common school 
education, and mental and physical 
capacity for the duties of a trained 
nurse. Pupils serve three months on 
probation. During the fir«t month 
they receive board, lodging, and 
laundry work, but no allowance, and 
may be dismissed at any time if the 
probation is unsatisfactory, or leave 
the Scoool if they are dissatisfied. If 
the month's probation is satisfactory, 
the pupil is enrolled as Junior Nurse. 
If at the end of the third month, the 
probation is satisfactory to the Confer- 
ence Committee, the pupil must sign 
a contract to remain in the School and 
subject herself to the discipline of the 
Hospital for a period of two years from 
the time of her admission. 

Upon entering the School, each 
pupil receives one cap ; after that, one 
each month. Board, lodging and 
laundry work are furnished without 
charge. Junior Nurses receive a 
monthly allowance of nine dollars ; 
Senior Nurses, of twelve dollars. 

Visitors are admitted on the regular 
visiting days, Tuesdays and Fridays, 
between the hours of 2 and 5 o'clock. 

Genesee Hotel. — A handsome six 
story building fronting on Main and 
Genesee Street, was built in 1882. Its 
location is excellent, being situated 
between the business and resident 
portion of the city. The dining room 
is on the second floor, also the recep- 
tion parlors, and a number of ele- 
gant apartments en suite. The upper 
floors are devoted entirely to sleeping 
apartments. At the left of the main 
entrance is a splendid cafe and the 
details of the hotel service are first- 
class. The house is run on the Amer- 
ican and European plans. American 
plan, $3 per day and upward ; Euro- 
pean plan, $1 per day and upward. 

Genesee Street. — A long street 
running east and west from Lake Erie 
the city line. Cars run out this street 



67 GEN— GER 

to the "Parade" and Franklin Park. 
It has stores similar to many of those 
found on Broadway, small dealers 
whose transactions foot up, however, 
enormous sums. The street is paved 
with asphalt. 

German Hospital. — This hospital 
was incorporated on November 22, 
1895, with the intention of erecting a 
large hospital in the near future, which 
is to be entirely under the manage- 
ment of Germans. It will be located 
on the East Side among the German 
population, and will be essentially the 
Germans' hospital. Should persons 
of other nationality apply for admis- 
sion, however, they will be received 
upon equal terms with Germans. In 
connection with this, there is also the 
German Hospital Society, to which 
anyone having attained 21 years is 
eligible upon payment of the dues, 
which are $6 per year. 

German Insurance Building, 

Main Street, corner Lafayette, is a 
handsome iron building five stories 
high, erected in 1866, at a cost of 

$225,000 

German Roman Catholic Or- 
phan Asylum. — (See Benevolent 
Societies, Institutions and Charities.) 

German Youug" Men's Asso- 
ciation, corner of Main and Edward 
Streets, occupies apartments on the 
ground floor of the Music Hall. The 
Association was incorporated in 1846 
and is of a literary character. The 
library numbers some 8,000 volumes 
in all branches of literature, (both 
English and German) and is open 
every day, except Sunday, from 2.30 
to 9.30 p. M. The reading room is 
supplied with all the daily city papers 
and those of the principal cities of the 
United States, together with American 
and foreign monthlies. The member- 
ship of the Association is about 800. 
The yearly dues are $3.00 ; initiation 



GOO— GRO 68 

fee, $1. Their building is known as 
Music Hall (which see). 

Good Government Clubs. — 

These clubs are organized in the dif- 
ferent wards of the city, for the pur- 
pose of selecting and electing the best 
men to office without regard to party 
politics. At present there are nine of 
these clubs in the city. 

Grand Army of the Republic. — 

A famous organization of veterans of 
the National Army in the war of the 
rebellion. They usually hold memor- 
ial services in the cemeteries on Dec- 
oration Day, when they place flowers 
and flags upon the graves of com- 
rades. The posts in Buffalo are as 
follows : 

Chapin Post, No. 2 — Meets first 
and third Friday evenings, at Metro- 
politan Hall, 551 Main Street. 

BiDWELL-WlLKESON PoST, No. 9 — 

Meets first and third Thursday even- 
ings, at New Era Hall, 276 Main 
Street. 

McMahon Post, No. 208 — Meets 
first and third Mondays of each 
month, at the corner of Eagle and 
Jefferson Street, Wagner's Hall. 

William Richardson Post, No. 
254 — Meets second and fourth Fridays 
of each month, at G. A. R. Hall, 288 
West Ferry Street. 

A. J. Meyer Post, No. 239 — Meets 
first and third Saturdays of each 
month, at 48 W. Eagle Street. 

Elisha L. Hayward Post, No. 
542 — Meets second and fourth Tues- 
day evenings, at 309 Sycamore Street. 

Woman's Relief Corps — Meets 
first and third Friday evenings, in 
G. A. R. Hall, 288 West Ferry Street. 

Grand Island. — Is situated in the 
Niagara River, is twelve miles long, 
seven miles wide, and contains 18,000 
acres of land, with a population of 



about 1,300. There are eleven schools 
and three churches. At the lower 
end of the island are large apple 
orchards, producing some fine /ruit. 
The roads are level and well made. 
The island is crossed by roads about 
a mile apart, as well as roads running 
lengthwise, giving fine and beautiful 
drives. One of the pleasantest is a 
drive around the island close to the 
shore, having a fine view of the river 
and adjacent American and Canadian 
shores all the way. The northern end 
of the Island is but three miles from 
Niagara Falls, and the southern end 
about two miles from Buffalo. 

Graduate Association. — This 
Association was organized in March 
1876, and has now 175 members. 
Meetings are held on Friday after- 
noons during the winter months, at 
the Twentieth Century Club-house. 
The Association is composed of mem- 
bers drawn from the graduates of the 
Buffalo Seminary. 

Gratwick. — A station on the 
Central Railway, north of North 
Tonawanda. Large lumber yards and 
several important manufacturies are 
located here. 

Grosvenor I/ibrary. — The Gros- 
venor Library is a Free Public Lib- 
rary, belonging to the City of Buffalo. 
It is exclusively a Library of reference. 
Its building, which is devoted ex- 
clusively to the library, stands on the 
southeast corner of Franklin and 
Edward Streets, a quiet location, just 
aside from the dust and noise of the 
main thoroughfares. Its position 
makes it easily accessible to both the 
residence and business districts, and 
so it is very convenient to the larger 
number of persons who are its most 
appreciative patrons. The library was 
the gift of Mr. Seth Grosvenor, a 
wealthy merchant of New York city, 
whose home had formerly been in 



I)ape yoM a pampMet or a booR 
wbicb you want publisbed? 



Our Publishing Department can 
offer you every facility* Estimates 
given from the manuscript without 
charge* The book can be made 
entirely by our own plant in any 
form selected* The department will 
look after the author^s interests and 
place the book on the market if 
desired* 



The Peter Paul Book 
Company ^ ^ 

420 MAIN STREET, BUFFALO, 




GUARANTY BUILDING 



Bufifiilo. He bequeathed 140,000 with 
which to found a free public librar3^ 
130,000 of this was to be set aside as 
a book fund to be invested forever, the 
income only of which was to be used 
in the purchase of books. By the 
terms of the will no book could be 
loaned or used outside of the library 
building and books of reference and 
standard works on historical and scien- 
tifie subjects were recommended. The 
remaining |;ro,ooo was to be applied 
to the purchase of a lot and the 
erection of a library building. In 1870 
the library was first opened to the 
public in quarters over the Buffalo 
Savings Bank, and there for twenty- 
five years it remained, the rendezvous 
for students and those in pursuit of 
knowledge. In time the old room, 
though spacious, became overcrowded 
and it was found necessary to procure 
larger apartments. By this time a 
considerable building fund had 
accumulated, composed in part of the 
original bequest of $ro,ooo, and 
accrued interest thereon, and in part 
of the money derived from the sale of 
the " Mohawk Market Property " 
which was deeded to the library by 
the city in 1865. Therefore in 1891 the 
trustees undertook the task of erecting 
a building suitable to the needs of a 
growing reference library, and the 
present building is the result. The 
interior architectural design especially, 
is a beautiful bit of pure Italian 
Renaissance. There is a tower room 
from which a winding stairway leads 
to the observatory above, which is 
arranged for the reception of an 
astronomical telescope. On the main 
floor beyond the door of the librari- 
an's room is a side entrance to Edward 
Street for the convenience of those 
coming from Main Street. The library 
has at present over 40,000 volumns 
with a capacity of about 70,000 
volumes, which can be largely in- 
creased when needed. The general 



69 GUA 

reading-room is 125 feet long by 80 feet, 
wide with a high ceiling, broken by 
lines of construction which form a 
large square over the reading tables 
and a smaller one over the delivery 
desk. Within these squares the ceiling 
is paneled in geometrical designs and 
set with amber and pale wine-colored 
cathedral glass, which gives just 
enough color to subdue the glare from 
the skylight above and cast a warm 
soft glow over the room below that is 
very easy to the eye in reading and 
harmonizes beautifully with the pre- 
vailing tint of the hard-wood finish. 
The library is open to the public from 
9 a. m. to 6 p. m. 

Guaranty Building stands at the 
southwest corner of Church and Pearl 
Streets, with 116 feet frontage on the 
former, one of Buffalo's widest streets, 
and 93 feet on Pearl Street. The 
building is thirteen stories high be- 
sides a finished basement. It is of 
steel frame construction, with the 
floors, partitions and roof of fire-clay 
tile, hence is absolutely fire-proof. 
The Guaranty occupies a unique posi- 
tion among the buildings of the world, 
as the highest exponent of the use 
of ornamental terra-cotta in exterior 
work of this nature. The corridors 
throughout are wainscoted with pink 
Tennessee marble of beautiful con- 
figuration, and the floors are laid in 
elaborate marble mosaic. The same 
kind of wainscoting is used in all the 
stairways, toilet and bath-rooms. The 
elevator shafts and the stairways above 
the wainscoting, as well as all outer 
court walls, are faced with white en- 
ameled brick. The elevator enclos- 
ures, stairs, store fronts, and some 
other parts are in bronze. Mexican 
mahogany and oak are the woods used 
for doors and like interior work. The 
plan of the Guaranty is admirably 
simple and compact. The rooms, 
grouped in convenient suites, are lofty 



GYMr-HAR 70 

as to ceiling, of moderate depth and 
exceptionally well lighted by the large 
windows, of which no room has less 
than two. Most of the offices without 
street frontage have a magnificent out- 
look over Lake Erie and the Niagara 
River. 

Gymnasiums. — (See Athletics.) 

Hack Fares. (Fixed by City 
Ordinance. ) — For conveying one 
passenger any distance not exceeding 
one mile, 50 cents ; and for each 
additional passenger, 25 cents. For 
over one mile and not exceeding two 
miles, every passenger, ^i.oo. Child- 
ren between eight and twelve years of 
age, one-half the above price ; under 
eight years, no charge to be made. 
For vehicle by the hour, for one or 
more persons, II1.50 for every hour, 
with privelege of stopping as often as 
required. If by the hour, it must be 
so specif" -d at the time of engagement; 
otherwise deemed to be by the mile, 
to be measured by the most direct 
traveled route. For the use of such 
vehicle by the day, for one or more 
passengers, $8.00. Each passenger 
shall be allowed to have carried and 
conveyed upon such vehicle one trunk, 
valise, carpet-bag, portmanteau, box, 
bundle, basket, or other articles, used 
in traveling, without charge. For 
more than one of the above-enumer- 
ated articles, five cents may be 
charged, if carried less than a mile, 
and ten cents if more than a mile. 
A violation of these ordinances by 
any owner or driver of a vehicle, is 
punishable by a fine of $10.00 for each 
offense. 

Ham-burgh. — Thirteen miles from 
Buffalo on the lake shore, and reached 
by the Buffalo & Southwestern R. R. 
The population is between 2.000 and 
2.500. Large agricultural fairs are 
held here annually and it is noted for 
its canning industries. Many Buffalo- 



nians have summer homes in Ham- 
burgh, coming into Buffalo every 
morning to do business. 

Harbor and Breakwater. — The 

original projects for the improvment ot 
this harbor was adopted in 1826, and 
provided at first for the construction 
of piers on the north and south sides 
of Buffalo Creek. Subsequently a 
masonry sea-wall running south from 
the shore end of the south pier 
was proposed and built. In 1868 a 
detached breakwater, about 2,500 feet 
lakeward from the light-house, to 
extend south a distance of 4,000 feet, 
was proposed and adopted. In 1874 
it was determined to extend this break- 
water, to a total length of 7,600 feet. 
This breakwater has now its full prop- 
osed length, the final extension of 806 
feet having been built in 1893. It runs 
parallel to the shore and about half a 
mile distant from it. In 1874 it was also 
proposed to build a shore arm to the 
breakwater, the inshore end to consist 
of pile work near the shore and crib 
work in the deeper water. Upon 
reaching the 16-foot contour line in the 
the lake this shore arm was planned 
to continue in a direction making an 
angle of about 45 degrees with the 
shore and overlap the south end of the 
breakwater, leaving an opening of 150 
feet. This shore arm would be about 
4,100 feet long. Minor repairs have 
been made during the year to the old 
portions of the breakwater and to the 
south pier. A new survey of the har- 
bor and its vicinity was finished, includ- 
ing borings south of the breakwater. 
The River and Harbor Act of August 
17, 1894, made provision for survey 
and preparation of plan for extending 
the outer breakwater from a point at 
or near the present outer breakwater 
south-easterly to a point at or near 
Stoney Point. Report of survey and 
the plan prepared by Major Ruffher un- 
der authority of this law was referred to 



a Board of Engineers, and the report of 
the Board was approved by the Sec- 
retary of War August i, 1895. 

Harbor Master . — The entire 
pubHc harbors, wharves, etc., is under 
the charge of the harbor master, who 
has an office at Ohio Street near Main. 
The bridge tenders are also under 
the direction of the harbor master. 
His salary is |i,2oo per year, and 
is appointed by the mayor to hold 
office for three years. 

Heathcote School. — One of the 

leading preparatory schools in the 
city, located on College Street, 
between Allen and North Streets, 

Health, Board of. — The Board 
of Health consists of the Mayor, the 
President of the Board of Public Works 
and the Health Commissioner. The 
Secretary of the Department of Health 
is also secretary for this board. 

Health, Department of. (Muni- 
cipal Building.)— Consists of Health 
and such officers and assistants as 
shall be prescribed by statue or ordin- 
ance, and are as follows : Health 
Commissioner, holds office for five 
years and is paid |;4,ooo per year; 
Assistant Health Officer, ^2,000; Clerk 
Department of Health, Registrar 
Vital Statistics, Clerk, City Chemist- 
Stenographer, Inspector Food Sup- 
plies and Drugs, Bacteriologist, Assist- 
ant Bacteriologist, Sanitary Inspectors, 
Inspector of Plumbing and Drainage, 
Assistant Inspectors, Cattle Inspector, 
Assistant Cattle Inspector, City Scav- 
enger, Keeper Quarantine Hospital, 
Fumigating and Placarding. The city 
is divided into eight districts having a 
physician for each district, and two 
Homoepathic physicians, one for the 
East and one for the West side. The 
health department has the supervision 
of the removal and burial or inciner- 
ation of the dead ; register of births, 



71 HAR— HIS 

marriages and deaths ; etc., and the 
commissioner shall have the power to. 
inspect at will or give orders as he 
may consider best to secure the safety 
of the public health. All complaints 
of nuisance in the city are inspected 
and if found offensive the owner of 
the place is given a few days in which 
to abate the nuisance or is answerable 
to the law and is fined. In cases of 
scarlet fever, diphtheria or any other 
contagious disease, a card or sign is 
placed upon such house, printed in 
English and German, the same re- 
maining on the house until the patient 
is declared well by a reputable doctor. 
All children attending school must be 
vaccinated at least once every five 
years, and such children as are not 
vaccinated at home are seen by a 
corps of doctors appointed for the 
purpose. 

Historical Society, Buffalo — 

It was not until the Spring of 1862 
that the first public steps were taken 
toward the establishment of a society 
for the collection and preservation of 
everything of historical interest per- 
taining to Buffalo and Erie County, 
although the great desirability of such 
organization was thoroughly appreci- 
ated in the earlier years. The first 
great event in the life of the Society 
occured on July 2, 1862, when Presi- 
dent Fillmore delivered an Inaugural 
Address before a large and appreci- 
ative audience assembled at American 
Hall. This address, printed in the 
first volume of the publications of the 
Society, outlined and clearly set forth 
the aims and objects of the same 
"Its chief object is to collect and 
preserve the materials of history re- 
lating to Western New York, and 
especially to Buffalo, for future use 
and reference. — Its object is not to 
teach but to preserve history." The 
Society now occupies the entire third 
floor of the Buffalo Library Building, 



HOL 

at the corner of Washington Street 
and Broadway, where its large and 
various collections are carefully 
arranged and indexed for the conveni- 
ence of the public. 

The library, which is free for refer- 
ence, contains about 9000 volumes 
and 7000 pamphlet; relics and curios of 
every description are exhibited, and 
in its every department the collections 
are really the most complete in 
Western New York. During the 
fall of 1884, the Society cared for 
the re-interment of the remains 
of the famous Indian chief, Red 
Jacket, and of several other chiefs, in 
the plot of ground given for that pur- 
pose by the Forest Lawn Association. 
On the afternoon of June 23, 1892, 
the statue erected by the society to 
the honor and memory of Red Jacket 
was unvailed. This monument and 
bronze statue of the great orator of 
the Seneca nation, erected at a cost of 
$10,000, stands at the Delaware 
Avenue entrance to Forest Lawn. 
The act of raising this memorial is but 
the outward manifestation of the zeal 
and enterprise which marks the life of 
the Society. 

Holidays. — Upon all legal holi- 
days, the banks and public offices are 
obliged by law to close, and business 
generally is suspended. These holi- 
days are : Christmas, December 25 ; 
New Year's Day, January i ; Lincoln's 
Birthday, February 12 ; Washington's 
Birthday, Febru a ry 22; Memorial 
Day, May 30 ; Independence Day, 
July 4 ; Labor Day, the first Monday 
in September ; Election Day. which 
is the first Tuesday after the first 
Monday in November ; and Thanks- 
giving Day, appointed by the 
Governer of the State and usually 
fixed for the last Thursday in Novem- 
ber. Washington's and Lincoln's 
Birthdays pass without recognition but 
Memorial Day always receives marked 



72 



attention, when a procession of posts 
of G. A. R. and vans loaded with 
flowers, proceed to the various ceme- 
teries, and decorate the graves of all 
soldiers buried there. Independence 
Day has no longer any military display, 
but is a red-letter day for the small 
boy who indulges in a free use of gun- 
powder and fireworks. The firing of 
explosives in the street has been pro- 
hibited but the law is not enforced. 
Many persons consider it a time to 
leave the city and spend the Fourth in 
some sequestered, leafy spot, in holy 
quiet. The observance of Thanks- 
giving is of New England origin and 
is marked by family reunions and the 
most bountiful feast of the year. A 
1 irge number of the important foot- 
ball games are played about this time. 
Good Friday although not a legal holi- 
day, is observed by many of the church 
people. 

Holland I/and Company. — A 

so-called company making the original 
purchase of the teritory where Buffalo 
now stands from Robert Morris. The 
original surveys were made under the 
direction of the company's agent. 

Holy Angels' Academy.— (See 

Convents.) 

Holy Cross Cemetery. — This 
cemetery is located in the town of 
West Seneca, near the city line, and is 
one of the largest, having about 123 
acres of land. It was organized in 
1854 and in the same year the first 
interment took place. A fine chapel 
was erected in 1894, of white granite, 
in Gothic style, and stands about five 
hundred feet from the road. On the 
top of this chapel stands an angel, 
facing the north, blowing a trumpet. 
In front of the chapel are buried 
many Catholic priests of the city. 
The McDonnell monument, a large 
pyramid built of polished granite, is 
the highest monument in the cemetery. 



73 



HOM— HOR 



To the south ot this monument is that 
of S. F. Eagan, built in the form of a 
large square of polished granite. The 
Crowley monument is also beautiful. 
The base is of granite on top of 
which stands a life sized angel. Space 
forbids the enumerating of other hand- 
some monuments which only a visit to 
the cemetery can do justice to. 

Home for the Friendless. — At 

1500 Main Street. Incorporated 1868. 
On February 4, 1868, "The Home for 
the Friendless " opened its doors to 
afford shelter, protection and employ- 
ment to worthy women who are desti- 
tute. Its first home was on the corner 
of Seventh and Maryland Streets. The 
record of the first year shows 26 in- 
mates received and 483 days' board 
given ; receipts from donations and 
subscriptions, f 783. 40. and ever since 
the record of this institution has been 
a noble one. In 1872 the Home pur- 
chased a burial lot in Forest Lawn, 
and in 1879 ^ granite monumet was 
erected, the inmates of the Home con- 
tributing $75.00. the proceeds of their 
needlework. The house on Seventh 
Street, originally built for private use, 
had been repeatedly enlarged, and to 
its full capacity, but was inadequate for 
the demands made upon its hospitality, 
so on July irth, 1884, the premises 
1500 Main Street were formerly trans- 
ferred to the Home for the Friendless, 
for the sum of 125,000. Alterations 
and additions amounting to $15,287 
were made, and on March 17th, 1886, 
the Home took possession of its new 
quarters. One object of the Home for 
the Friendless is to extend relief to 
worthv indigent women and girls, by 
affording a temporary home, protec- 
tion, employment or assistance. Many 
needy girls are helped to places of em- 
ployment, or assisted to their homes 
and friends, besides which, a home is 
afforded to aged women who are 
homeless and friendless. This Home 



is supported entirely by voluntary con- 
tributions. The conditions under 
which inmates are permanently re- 
ceived into the institution are as fol- 
lows : Applicants who are accepted 
must have resided in Buffalo at least 
two years before applying for admis- 
sion to the Home. She is required to 
furnish satisfactory testimony of good 
character and is taken on probation for 
not less than six months. As a rule, 
I250 is required as an admission fee. 
This pays for a life residence in the 
Home. Transient inmates usually re- 
main two weeks, or are kept longer at 
the discretion of the managers. Such 
persons do housework to pay for their 
board- Visitors are welcomed at the 
Home upon the regular visiting days. 

Homeopathic Hospital. — Or- 
ganized in 1874. It is situated at the 
corner of Maryland and Cottage Sts. 
This hospital is small, having only ac- 
comodation for 45 patients. It receives 
both private and city cases. 

Horse Exchange. — The object 
of this Exchange is the importation 
and exportation of horses to be sold 
at the best markets to be obtained. 
Buffalo has a wide reputation for its 
horse trade, and large lots of Ameri- 
can-bred horses have been shipped to 
London and elsewhere. Crandall & 
Co., have fine stables, each 200 feet 
long. Some of these stables are 30 
feet wide, while others are 60 feet 
wide and the various stables can 
accommodate 1200 horses. 

Horses and Carriages. — May 

be hired at any one of the many 
excellent livery stables in which the 
city abounds. The charges vary for 
boarding horses but the average price 
for the care of one horse and vehicle 
is $ 20 per month, and this does not 
include shoeing or medical attendance. 
A single horse and carriage can be 
hired for |i.oo to I1.50 an hour, and 



HOS— HOT 



74 



teams from $2.00 up wards .Prices 
differ according to the style of rig you 
hire, and the establishment to which you 
apply. It is always advisable to state in 
advance that you desire a carriage by 
the hour, else you may be charged for 
the distance you have been driven. 
In cases where a driver is not needed, 
of course it is always less. A horse 
and buggy can be hired from some 
liveries for $3,00 a day, while the more 
fashionable turn-outs cost $4.00 and 
I5.00. Family carriages, tally-hos etc., 
may also be engaged and where 
a party of friends desire to drive to- 
gether this proves most satisfactory. 
Carriage hire in Buffalo, when com- 
pared with other large cities, is reason- 
able, while the quality of horses 
and style of turnouts provided are 
faultless. 

Hospitals. — Buffalo State Hos- 
pital. — Forest Avenve, near Park 
Lake. 

Buffalo General Hospital. — 
100 High Street. 

Ladies' Hospital Association. — 
(auxiliary to Buffalo General Hospital). 

Buffalo Homeopathic Hospital. 
— Cottage, corner Maryland Street. 

Buffalo Hospital of Sisters of 
Charity. — 1883 Main Street, near 
East Delavan Avenue. 

Fitch Accident HospiTAL.-Room 
14 Fitch Institute, 165 Swan Street. 

Riverside Hospital — Brecken- 
ridge Street. 

The Buffalo Women's Hospital 
(formerly Buffalo Maternity Hospital). 
— Georgia, corner Seventh Street. 

St. Francis Hospital. — 337 Pine 
Street, 

Buffalo City Hospital, — Con- 
gress Street and Bouck Avenue. 

Wilcox Hospital — 173 Lexington 
Avenue. 



German Hospital. — Proposed. 

Buffalo Quartine Hospital — 
761 East Ferry Street, under the super- 
vision the Board of Health. 

Hotels. — Akins House. — 133 and 
135 Eagle Street. 

Albany Hotel, The. — 135 Main 
Street. 

Arlington Hotel. — Exchange, 
corner Wells Street. 

Bouck Avenue Hotel. — 1329 Ni- 
agara Street. 

Bradford House. — no Exchange 
Street. 

Brainard House. — 1035 William 
Street. 

Broezel Hotel. — Seneca corner 
Wells Street. 

Carlton. — Exchange, cornerWash- 
ington Street. 

Chicago House. — 165 Washington 
Street. 

Continental Hotel — Exchange 
corner Michigan Street. 

Crandall House. — 965 William 
Street. 

Empire. — 144 Exchange Street. 

Everett. — 523 Michigan Street. 

Ferry Hotel. — Niagara corner 
West Ferry Street. 

Fillmore House. — Michigan cor- 
ner Carroll Street. 

Genesee Hotel. — Main Street cor- 
ner West Genesee. 

Gillespie European. — Over 50 
Seneca Street. 

Globe Hotel. — 1330 Bailey Ave. 

Hartman House. — 130S Bailey 
Avenue. 

Hoffman House. — 873 William 
Street. 

Hotel Normandie. — 367 Washing- 
ton Street. 

Invalid's Hotel.— 663 Main St. 



Iroquois. — Main corner Eagle St. 

Levden Hotel. — 138 Exchange 
Street. 

Mansion House. — Main corner Ex- 
change Street. 

Moats' Hotel. — 102 1 William St. 

Moeller House. — 95 and 97 Main 
Street. 

Napoleon Hotel, The. — 191 
Main Street. 

New National. — 148 Exchange 
Street. 

Niagara Hotel. — Corner Seventh 
Street and Porter Avenue. 

Ontario. — 20 East Huron Street. 

Richelieu Hotel. — 39 Swan St. 

Southern Hotel. — 183 Seneca St. 

Stafford House. — Carroll and 
Washington Streets. 

Stock Exchange Hotel. — 1009 
William Street. 

Terrace Park Hotel. — 240 to 
246 Terrace. 

TiFFT House. — 465 Main Street. 

Tremont House. — 19 Seneca St. 

Tucker House. — 180 Exchange 
Street. 

United States Hotel. — Terrace 
corner Pearl Street. 

Voss Hotel. — 999 William Street. 

Washington House. — 346 Wash- 
ington Street. 

Huttiane Society. — (See Cruelty 
to Animals.) 

Ice. — Most of the ice consumed in 
Buffalo is cut in Lake Erie and Lime 
Lake. The amount of ice cut by local 
dealers is from 60,000 to 100,000 tons. 
The price of ice varies, but usually it 
is about 25 cents per hundred pounds 
to private consumers. No ice is de- 
livered on Sunday, but a double 
weight is left on Saturday. 



75 HUM— INS 

Idlewood Association. — Was 

organized in 1882 and has 20 members. 
This association has land up the lake 
near Lake View, where each of the 
members have a summer residence. 

Industrial Association. — The 

Buffalo Industrial Association is the 
name given to an organization of 
charitably disposed citizens, which was 
formed in the spring of 1895, for the 
purpose of introducing the "Detroit 
plan " of assisting the poor and unem- 
ployed in the City of Buffalo. This 
plan has for its object the assisting of 
persons with families, who are in in- 
digent circumstances and unable to 
support themselves, by permitting and 
encouraging them to cultivate vacant 
land lying within the city limits, 
gratuitously offered for that purpose 
by charitable persons. The Associa- 
tion had the soil ploughed and har- 
rowed, and three bushels of potatoes 
alotted to each plot. Much of the 
planting and a great deal of the culti- 
vation is done by women, some of 
them walking miles in order to take 
care of their plots. Some bring their 
children with them — of all ages from 
6 months to 16 years — availing them- 
selves of the help of the older ones 
and procuring fresh air for all. One 
splendid feature of this excellent char- 
ity is that it makes the poor accept the 
benefits of it and at the same time 
retain their independence and self- 
respect. 

Infirmaries. — (See Dispensaries 
and Infirmaries.) 

Ingleside Home. — This insti- 
tution, located at 70 Howard Place, 
was organized in 1870. The purpose 
of this Home is to reclaim erring girls 
and woman and help them to become 
respectable and self-supporting. 

Insane Assylum. — (See State 
Hospital.) 



INT— ITA 



76 



International Bridgfe. — Spans 
the Niagara River and connects 
Buffalo with Canada. It rests on six 
piers of stone, the construction of 
which was most difficult on account of 
the strong and swift current of the 
Niagara. Ic has two draws of 100 feet 
each, thus letting boats of all kinds 
pass up and down the river. Length 
of bridge from the Canadian shore to 
Squaw Island is i,g6g)4 feet, from 
Squaw Island to American side, 517 
feet, distance across Squaw Island, 1 167 
feet, total length 3,6515^ feet. Depth 
of water at the piers is from 9 to 48 
feet. The first locomotive crossed the 
bridge on October 27, 1873. The cost 
was $[,500,000. 

Iron Ore Trade and Docks. — 
The following shows the lake receipts 
cf iron ore at Buffalo, in gross tons 
during the seasons of 1892 to 1895, 
inclusive: The quantity of iron ore 
on the docks at Buffalo at the close of 
navigation in 1893, was 112,600 gross 
tons; in 1894, 93,800 gross tons; in 
1895. 39-887 gro.ss ton. The Ore 
Docks of Buffalo are as follows : The 
Lehigh Valley, on the Tifft Farm im- 
provement ; the plant consist of three 
Brown hoists and six Thornburg 
hoists with ample storage facilities. 
The Buffalo Dock Company (H. K. 
Wick & Co.), on the Blackwell Canal, 
have six McMyler hoists and storage 
trestles combined. The Minnesota 
Docks (N. Y., L. E. & W,), on the 
river, has five McMyler hoists and stor- 
age trestles combined. The Coit 
Docks, in the Erie Basin (N. Y. C. & 
H. R. R.), has two McMyler hoists 
and storage trestles combined. The 
Deleware, Lackawanna & Western 
Railroad has one set of six Thornburg 
hoists only, located in the Erie basin. 
The total dock frontage aggregate 
4,000 feet. The facilities as shown are 
ample, as the docks have connections 
with the numerous railroads centering 
at Buffalo. 



Iroquois Hotel— The Hotel Iro- 
quois is the most popular down-town 
house in the city, situated as it is, in 
the very business centre, corner of 
Main and Eagle Streets. This hotel ' 
was built by the Buffalo Library Asso- 
ciation, and cost about |ir,ooo,ooo, and 
is one of absolutely fire-proof hotel of 
the city. The structure is of brown 
stone and brick, eight stories high, 
and has a frontage of too feet on Main 1 
and Washington Streets, and 200 feet 
on Eagle Street. The entrances are 
on Main and Eagle Streets, where 
handsome porticos are arranged so as 
to afford upper balconies which accom- ^ 
modate nearly one hundred persons. 
Opposite the entrances is the offices 
with lobby and intersecting corridors 
from the other streets. There is a 
splendidly equipped billiard hall which 
occupies the ground floor on the. 
Washington Street side. The house 
w^as opened on August 13, 1889, with 
spacious and elegant accommodation 
for 500 guests. It is run on the 
American and European plans. Euro- 
pean plan $1.50 and upward ; Ameri- 
can plan, $4 to 15. 

Island Club. — This club, which is 
a family club, was organized in 1892 
and has 60 members. It purchased 
the house known as the "McCombe," 
on Grand Island which has since been 
called the "Island Club." The club- 
house contains 100 rooms and an adja- 
cent building is used for dancing, bowl- 
ing alley and various other amuse- 
ments. The Club owns the steamer 
Huntress which is used exclusively for 
the transportation of the members and 
their friends. The Club's dock is at 
the foot of Ferry Street. 

Italians. — There are a large num- 
ber of them in Buffalo, largely labor- 
ers, rag-pickers and fruit venders. 
They are industrious but dirty as a 
rule, and while they often present a 



77 



lAI— JUB 



miserable appearance and suffer pri- 
vations it is not usually because they 
are so very poor, but rather that they 
prefer to hoard their money. There 
are perhaps, some organ grinders 
among them and indeed musicians 
of a higher order. They are apt to 
form settlements by themselves and are 
to be found in the tenements at the 
foot of Main Street ; on Genesee, 
near the canal ; and in and about 
ly sober but when intoxicated are 
the Terrace. They are common- 
extremely quarrelsome and their 
localities are often the scene of a 
stabbing affray. As a rule the child- 
ren of these people are turned out to 
earn a penny at an early age, and these 
little street waifs sell papers, black 
boots or beg, seeming to fear nothing 
and preferring a street life to any other. 

Jail, i^rie County. — This jail is 
located at the corner of Delaware 
Avenue and Church Street. The 
building was erected in 1877 and is 
four stories high, built of white stone 
and can accomodate 200 prisoners. 

Jamestown. — A city of nearly 
20,000 population on the New York, 
Lake Erie & Western, and Chau- 
tauqua Lake railways 68 miles from 
Buffalo. It is at the outlet of Chau- 
tauqua Lake. Has woolen and flour- 
ing mills and engaged extensively in 
manufacturing. In agricultural region. 

Jews. — There are a great many 
Jews in the city, and they form a very 
important element of the population. 
As citizens the Jews are eminently 
active and useful members of society. 
They are engaged in all sorts of 
pursuits and are invariably successful. 
Among this race are found merchants, 
editors, politicians, actors and theater 
managers. ■ In matters of religion they 
differ, some being very strict to medi- 
aeval customs in religion and social 
life, while others belong to a some- 



what reformed and modernized party. 
While the Jews support many Hebrew 
charities, not a few also engage actively 
in Christian benevolent work and the 
larger number are in a highly prosper- 
ous condition, and let it be told to 
their credit that the Jews contribute 
fewer criminals than any other nation 
in Buffalo. 

Jubilee Water Works.— Be- 
tween the years 1830 and 1835 a stock 
company was formed and a charter 
granted to Messrs. Gorton, Howell, 
Justin, et al., to supply the village of 
Black Rock with water for domestic 
purposes. Black Rock at that time 
contained a population of 4,000 to 
5,oGO inhabitants, and the question of 
a pure water supply was an important 
one, as v^ells had been sunk 50 to 75 
feet without obtaining any water and 
hundreds of dollars had been spent to 
no better advantage. The discovery 
of the springs southeast of the village, 
now at the corner of Auburn and Del- 
aware Avenues, led to the formation 
of the stock company with a franchise 
granted by the Legislature of the State 
of New York to lay pipes and to con- 
trol the land lying five feet on each 
side of the mains, as long as these 
were in active use. A bountiful supply 
of pure cold spring water piped into 
every part of the town was hailed with 
the greatest enthusiasm and a Black 
Rock Jubilee was celebrated in a be- 
coming manner, so much so that the 
name of the corporation was changed 
to the Jubilee Water Works Company. 
This company afterwards disposed of 
its interest to the Parish Tract and 
commissioners were elected to super- 
intend and manage its affairs. 
On several occasions the City of 
Buffalo has attempted to condemn this 
water supply, but chemical analysis 
has always shown its superiority over 
the Buffalo water supply. The present 
condition of this water supply is as 



TUD— KIN 



78 



follows : Two reservoirs are situated 
near the corner of Auburn and Dela- 
ware Avenues and one reservoir on 
Amherst Street. But 30 to 35 cisterns 
and pumps remain and not over 
250 families are supplied at present, 
the number diminishing with each 
succeeding year. These families 
live on Amherst, Peters, Howell 
and Pacific Streets, and the upper 
end of Hertel Avenue. The rates 
per annum are I4.00 for one story 
house, I5.00 for one and one -half 
story house, $6.00 for two story house 
and |io.oo for saloons and business 
places. 

Judiciary Department. — (See 
Law Courts. ) 

Jurors, Commissioner of — This 
department was organized in 1895 
under Chapter 369 of the General 
Laws of the State of New York of 
that year, which went into effect on 
the 20th day of April, 1895. This 
Act was the outgrowth of a very 
serious and earnest desire of the 
citizens of Erie County, and epecially 
of the City of Buffalo, for a reform in 
the jury system. The reforms which 
have been affected by this Act may be 
stated in brief as follows : From the 
list of the taxpayers of Erie County, 
which are annually sent to the Com- 
missioner of Jurors by the Assessors 
of the City of Buffalo, and of each 
town, before the first week in May in 
each year, the Commissioner selects 
the names of such jurors as he regards 
as qualified to sit as jurors, and they 
form the jury list for the ensuing year, 
which begins on the first day of August 
thereafter. The Commissioner is the 
sole judge of the qualifications of each 
juror, but from his decision an appeal 
may be taken to the Court by any 
juror who feels himself aggrieved by 
the decision. The chief reforms 
aflfected by this reform jury act are 
1st ; Absolute impartiality in the draw- 



ing of jurors. 2nd ; The restriction 
of the term of service of each juror 
to two weeks in any one year ; no 
juror can sit longer than two weeks, 
unless he is drawn on the grand jury 
when his term of service may be 
longer or shorter, according to the 
amount of work on hand for the grand 
jury. The appointment of the Com- 
missioner is vested in the Justices of 
the Supreme Court who reside in Erie 
County, and the County Judge. 

Kenmore. — A suburb laying north 
of the city line on Tonawanda boula- 
vard, midway between Buffalo and 
Tonawanda. It is connected with 
Buffalo by the electric car lines. The 
streets are all well laid out and a pretty 
residence section is the result. It has 
also a beautiful little park. 

Kinder gar dens. — Have become 
very numerous in Buffalo. The 
Buffalo Free Kindergarten Association 
was organized in 1891 and the object 
of this Association is to establish and 
maintain free Kindergartens in Buffalo 
and vicinity. These Kindergartens 
develop needy and neglected children 
mentally, morally and physically. 
The Froebel system is followed and 
the results are most satisfactory. The 
Association is supported by gifts, 
contributions and membership dues, 
which are I5.00 a year. It maintains 
twelve kindergartens and there are 
enrolled in the these various kinder- 
gartens about 800 children, ranging 
from 3 to 6 years. The training class 
for kindergarten teachers numbers 
twenty-five. The full course of study 
in the training class covers two years, 
and includes Kindergarten Theory, 
Gifts and Occupations, Songs and 
Games, History of Education, 
Psychology, Form and Color, Physical 
Culture, Drawing and Clay Modeling. 
In addition to this, there are specia 
lectures on Natural Science, Psycho- 



logy, Art and Literature. The tuition 
is $35 per year, including material, but 
not books ; payments to be made in 
two installments, November ist, and 
February ist. Scholarships are 
granted at the discretion of the 
Educational Committee. Kinder- 
gartens are now a part of the 
public school system. The State 
Normal and Training School has a 
well-attended Kindergarten under the 
supervisision of able instructors. The 
tution for this department is I40.00 a 
year, and there are also a large number 
of private Kindergartens throughout 
the city, the usual fee for instruction 
being |io.oo a term. 

I/abor Orgfani^ations. — A list of 
the Labor Organizations and their 
places of meeting as given for the city 
directory. — Buffalo Central Labor 
Union. Organized May 11, 1884. — 
Meets over 201 Pearl Street, every 
second and fourth Sunday afternoon. 

The following meet at Council Hall, 
corner East Huron and Ellicott Streets 
as follows : 

Building Trades' Council. — First 
and third Monday. 

Iron Trades' Council. — First and 
third Sundays. 

Amalgamated Carpenters' 
Union No. 447- — Every alternate 
Saturday Evening. 

Book Binders' Union. — First and 
third Tuesdays. 

Carpenters' District Council 
OF U. B. of C. and J. OF America. — 
Every Saturday Evening. 

Painters' District Council, — 
Every Saturday. 

Housesmiths' Union. — First and 
third Fridays of each month. 

Machinery Moulders' Union No. 
84. — Every Monday Evening. 

Mosaic and Encaustic Tile 
Workers. — Every Friday Evening. 



79 LAB 

Painters' Union No. 42. — Every 
Thursday Evening. 

Plumbers, Gas and Steam Fit- 
ter's Union No. 36. — Every Tuesday 
Evening. 

Typographical Union No. 9. — 
First Sunday of each month, 2.30 p.m. 

Theatrical Union. — Meets fourth 
Sunday, 2 p. m. 

Stonecutters' Union. — Second 
and fourth Mondays. 

Machinists' Union. — Every Satur- 
day. 

Plasterers' Union. — Every Wed- 
nesday. 

Core Makers' Union. — Second 
and fourth Mondays. 

Patten Makers' Union. — Second 
and fourth Mondays. 

Blacksmiths' Union. — First and 
Wednesdays. 

AT other halls. 

Bricklayers' and Stonemasons' 
No. 36. — Every Thursday Evening, 
Schwabl's Hall, 353 Broadway. 

Bricklayers' Union No. 45. — 
Every Wednesday Evening, at Hall, 
349 Broadway. 

Bakers' Union No. 16. — Every 
alternate Saturday, at 3 p. m., at Hon- 
necker's Hall, corner Sycamore and 
Hickory Streets. 

Brewers' Union No. 4. — First and 
third Sunday in the month, at Jeffer- 
son and Genesee Streets. 

Buffalo Musicians' Protective 
Association. — Every second Friday 
in January, April, July and October, 
at their rooms, corner of Washington 
and Huron Streets. 

Cigar Makers' Union No. 2. — 
First and third Tuesday Evening at 
Hall, 349 Broadway. 

Carpenters' Union No. 9. — 
Every Wednesday Evening, corner 
Huron and Ellicott Streets. 



LAF— LAS 



80 



Carpenters' Union No. 355, — 
Every Monday at 8 p. m., corner Broad- 
way and Madison Street. 

Carpenters' Union No. 374. — At 
Volz Hall, every Friday Evening, cor. 
Massachusetts and Chenango Streets. 

Carpenters' Union No. 440. — 
Every Tuesday Evening, at 1220 Jeffer- 
son Street. 

Carpenters' Union No. 802. — 
Every Thursday, corner Thomson and 
Amherst Streets. 

Boot and Shoe Workers' Union. 
— Second and fourth Saturdays at 
American Engineers' Hall, 232 
William Street. 

Builders' Laborers' Union. — 
Every Saturday Evening, at Schwabl 
Hall, 353 Broadway. 

Coopers' Union. — Every Sunday, 
corner Walnut and Genesee Streets. 

Grain Shovelers' Union. — First 
and fourth Fridays, at 49 East Market 
Street. 

Journeymen Horseshoers' 
Union No. 23. — Second and fourth 
Fridays of each month, at Fidelity 
Hall, 229 Genesee Street. 

Journeymen Tailors' Union No. 
46. — Second and fourth Monday Eve- 
nings at Hall, corner Oak and Syca- 
more Streets. 

Lathers' Protective Union No. 
2.— At Hall, 681 Michigan Street. 

Pressmens' Union No. 46.-Second 
Monday Evening of each month, at 
White's Hall, 237 Sycamore Street. 

Painters' Union No. 112. — Every 
Friday Evening at Wickerly's Hall, 
Broadway near Monroe Street. 

Painters' Union No. 123. — Every 
Tuesday Evening, at White's Hall, 
237 Sycamore Street. 

Painters' Union No. 152. — Every 
Thursday Evening, at Pauly's Hall, 



corner Jefferson and Northampton 
Streets. 

Painters' Union No. 157. — Every 
Monday Evening, at Spitzer's Hall, 
Massachusetts Street and Shields 
Avenue. 

QUARRYMENS' UnION. — MectS 

first and third Mondays, at Kensington 
Avenue and Main Streets. 

Ship Carpenters' and Caulkers' 
Union No. i, — First and third Wed- 
nesdays, corner Elk and Louisiana 
streets. 

S W I T C H M E n'S BeNOVOLENT 

Association. — Every Friday except 
first, at Stendt's Hall, 198 Seneca St. 

Tin, Sheet Iron and Cornice 
Workers' Local Union No. 71. — 
Every second and fourth Thursday of 
each month, at 681 Michigan Street. 

I/afayette Square. — The most 
valuable small park in the city, 
being bounded on the south by 
Clinton, west by Main, north by Lafay- 
ette and east by Washington Streets, 
at the head of Broadway. The ground 
value of this square is it least one 
million dollars. (See Soldiers' Monu- 
ment.) 

I/aSalle. — Is 17 miles from Buffalo 
and may be reached by the New York 
Central, Lehigh Valley, and Erie, 
West Shore, Grand Trunk and Michi- 
gan Central railways. Cayuga Inlet 
or Creek runs through it, and it will 
be rememberd it was to the edge of 
this Inlet that the French explorer 
Robert de LaSalle, persued his dis- 
coveries as early as the fall of 1679, 
and the first boat that ever made a 
tour of the lakes, the Griffon, of 60 
tons burden was built from timbers 
growing on the banks of Cayuga 
Inlet. LaSalle touches the southern 
portion of the fruit belt line and is 
noted for its fruit farms. It is only six 



miles from Niagara Falls, which may 
be reached either by train or electric 
cars. 

I<a Salle Club. — One of the lead- 
ing clubs of the city, owning an 
attractive house on College Street. 
Originally organized as the Buffalo 
Bicycle Club, being one of the earliest 
bicycling clubs in the country. It still 
maintains a wheeling section. The 
membership of the club is about 125. 

I/ancaster. — A villiage of about 
3,000 inhabitants on New York, Lake 
Erie and Western, Lehigh Valley, 
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western 
railways, ten miles from Buffalo. 
Has a foundry, glass works, wagon 
factory, tannery, brick yards and flour 
mills. Depew adjoins Lancaster on 
the north-west. Electric car lines 
connects Lancaster with Depew and 
Buffalo. 

lyaw Courts. — The Law Courts of 
the city of Buffalo are located in the 
City Hall, Municipal Building for 
the city and in the Post Office Building. 
Those located in the latter building 
are the United States Courts. 

I^aw, Department of. — The De- 
partment of law of the city consists of 
the Corporation Counsel, at a salary of 
$5,000 per year, an Attorney at $3,000, 
an Assistant Attorney at $2, 500, Man- 
aging Clerk at $1,400, a Clerk at 
$1,200, a stenographer and a detective. 
Their offices are in the City Hall. 

I^aw I/ibraries. — Buffalo has sev- 
eral Law Libraries, one in the Gros- 
venor Library, Edward and Franklin 
Streets, one in the University of Buf- 
falo and an important Law Library 
in the City Hall. 

I/e Couteulx St. Mary's Insti- 
tute for the Instruction of Deaf 
Mutes — (See Deaf and Dumb Asy- 
lums.) 



81 LAS— LIB 

I^ewiston. — Thirty-two miles from 
Buffalo, and reached by the New 
York Central Railway, which runs 
through the gorge, along a ledge which 
has been carved out of the cliff. The 
scenery all along the gorge of Niagara 
is magnificent, as viewed from the car 
windows, are seen the giant rocks, and 
the creeping, sullen motion of the whirl- 
pool. The gorge yawns, and the cars 
seem to swerve dizzily amid the jutting 
peaks till it gradually descends to the 
lower level and Lewiston is reached. 
It is also reached by the Niagara Falls 
and Lewiston Gorge Road. Opposite 
Lewiston is Queenston Heights, a 
famous battlefield of the war of 181 2, 
and on these heights towers the Brock 
Monument, erected to Sir Isaac Brock, 
favorite hero of the Canadians. It is 
190 leet high. Lewiston is considered 
a capital fishing place and is much 
visited by Buffalonians. 

I/ibraries and Reading Rooms. 

— The Buffalo Library, corner 
Washington and Broadway. Open 
week days from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m., on 
Sundays from i to 6 p. m. 

Buffalo Historical Society Li- 
brary, Buffalo Library Building cor- 
ner Washington and Broadway. 

Buffalo Medical Library Asso- 
ciation, Library and Reading Room 
at University of Buffalo Medical Col- 
lege. Open daily (except Sunday) 
from 12.30 to 6 p. M. 

Catholic Institute Library. 
Rooms corner Main and Chippewa 
Streets. Library and Reading Rooms 
open every day (except Sunday) from 
9 A. M, to 6 p. M. 

Erie County Medical Society 
Library, High Street near Main. 
Library open daily. 

Erie Railway Library Associa- 
tion, Library and Reading Rooms, 
third floor of passenger depot, corner 
Michigan and Exchange Streets. 



LIB— LIF 



82 



German Young Men's Associa- 
tion Library, Main Street, corner 
Edward. 

Grosvenor Library (Free) Frank- 
lin Street corner Edward. 9 a. m. to 

9 p. M. 

Guard of Honor Library, 620 
Washington Street. 

Harugari Library, over 260 Gen- 
esee Street. Open evenings. 

Law Library (for the 8th Judicial 
District) Room 23, City and County 
Hall. 

Lutheran Young Men's Associ- 
ation, Library and Reading Rooms, 
659 Michigan Street. Open every eve- 
ning from 8 to 10 p. m. 

North Buffalo Catholic Asso- 
ciation and Library, corner Dear- 
born and Amherst Streets. Open 
every evening. 

St. Michael's Young Men's So- 
dality Library, over St. Michael's 
School, Ellicott Street, near East 
Tupper. 

Women's Educational and In- 
dustrial Uniom Library, 25 Niag- 
ara Square. Open daily from 10 a. m. 
to 9 p. M. 

Young Men's Catholic Associa- 
tion Library and Gymnasium, cor- 
ner Swan and Franklin Streets. Open 
Wednesday evenings from 7 to 9.30, 
and Sundays from 9 a. m. to i p. m. 

Young Men's Christian Associ- 
ation Library and Gymnasium, 
Junction Mohawk, Pearl and West 
Genesee Streets. Open from 3.30 to 
5.30, and from 7.30 to 9.30 P. m. Rail- 
way Branch, Exchange, corner Elli- 
cott Street. 

I^iberal Club. — Was organized in 
1891, and is a club for the free, rever- 
ent, scientific discussion of topics in 
the fields of art, science, religion and 
education. The club is limited to 300 
members and has a waiting list. 



Meetings have been held for the past 
year in the Twentieth Century Club 
House on Delaware Avenue. 

IViedertafel Society. — 

This Society was organized in 1848 
and is the oldest singing society in the 
city. It has 46 active members and 
330 passive. It maintains each year a 
series o( entertainments and its con- 
certs are both orchestral and vocal. 
The Society holds its meetings in 
Liedertafel Hall, corner of Main and 
Chippewa Streets. Regular meetings 
take place on the first Saturday of 
each month. The dues are $5.00 per 
year ; initiation fee $5.00. 

I^ife-Saving Service. — The U. S. 

Life-Saving Service of the Ninth 
District, covering the coasts of Lakes 
Ontario and Erie, and Falls of the 
Ohio River at Louisville, Ky., was 
established in 1876, with Captain D. 
P. Dobbins, Superintendent, with 
headquarters at Buffalo, N. Y. It is 
composed of eleven life-saving stations, 
which are manned by from six to eight 
surfmen and one keeper or captain 
each, and located as follows : Fort 
Niagara, at mouth of Niagara River, 
Lake Ontario ; Big Sandy, at foot of 
Lake Ontario ; Oswego, at Oswego, 
Lake Ontario ; Charlotte, at Charlotte, 
Lake Ontario ; Buflfalo, at Buffalo, 
Lake Erie ; Erie, at Erie, Pa., Lake 
Erie ; Fairport, at Fairport, Lake 
Erie ; Cleveland, at Cleveland, Lake 
Erie ; Ashtabula, at Ashtabula, Lake 
Erie ; Point Marblehead, at Point 
Marblehead, Lake Erie ; Louisville, at 
Louisville, Ky. The record of services 
at the Buffalo Life-Saving Station for 
the last twenty years, 1876- 1895 shows 
636 disasters ; 4,612 lives saved, and 
15,511,092 worth of property rescued 
from peril. The station at Buffalo is 
situated on the west pier, opposite the 
foot of Erie Street. There are nine 
surfmen, two large boats, one small 
one, and a life-car. 



83 



LIG— LIV 



I/ighthouses. — Buffalo has five 
lighthouses as follows : Niagara River, 
on the berm bank of the Erie Canal, 
nearly one-quarter mile NVV. by N. 
from old Fort Porter, E. bank of 
Niagara River, near its head. It has 
a fixed white light. There is another 
lighthouse in six feet of water, at head 
of Niagara River, one-third way from 
Canadian to American shore, about 
900 feet from the Canadian Channel, 
600 feet from Emerald Channel, and 
750 feet from the S. end of the reef, 
N. side of approach to Buffalo Harbor. 
It has a fixed white light, with a white 
flash-light every 90 seconds. Buffalo 
Light, E ^ S , i>3 miles. The Buffalo 
Waterworks Inlet Pier, on the E. side 
of the channel at the head of the ' ' Nar- 
rows" of the Niagara River, and 1% 
miles below Horseshoe Reef Light- 
house, is marked at night by a red 
light 22 feet above the water. Buffalo 
Breakwater Lighthouse, on crib, be- 
hind N. end of new breakwater S. side 
of approach to Buffalo Harbor. It 
has a fixed red light. The Fog Sig- 
nal is a lo-inch steam-whistle ; blasts 
3 seconds, silent intervals 57 seconds. 
If whistle be disabled a bell is 
struck by machinery, a treble blow 
every 30 seconds. 

lyiquor Dealers' Association. — 

Composed of the liquor dealers of Buf- 
falo, to discuss and protect the inter- 
ests of local liquor dealers and adjust 
matters pertaining to the sale of liquors 
in the city. Meetings are held subject 
to the call of the president of the asso- 
ciation and take place in their Hall at 
557 Main Street. 

I/ily Dale. — A famous Spiritualistic 
camp. It is located on the D. A. 
V. & P. Railway, six miles from the 
beautiful village of Fredonia and three 
miles from Cassadaga. In 1880 some 
40 acres of wooded land was pur- 
chased by the Casadaga Lake Free 



Association. It is now a delightful 
spot, laid out in streets and parks, hav- 
ing waterworks and electric lights, 
with excellent hotel accommodations 
and hundreds of pretty cottages. So- 
journers at Lily Dale are not only 
furnished an opportunity to com- 
municate with spirits, but are afforded 
the advantages of study, as each sea- 
son classes are formed for the instruc- 
tion of languages, music, elocution 
and Delsarte, with a course of lectures. 
The social side of life at this resort is 
by no means dull. Between fishing, 
boating and bathing, card parties, 
thratricals and the regular Wednesday 
and Saturday night hops, bringing as 
it always does many happy young 
people from surrounding places. Sun- 
day is the day of all days for crowds. 
Loads of excursionists by rail and by 
wagon pour into the camp from distant 
towns and villages; and near-by farm- 
ers hitch up and bring their families. 
The financial condition of the Casada- 
ga Lake Free Association is both pros- 
perous and promising. The running ex- 
penses are met by the 15 cent entrance 
fee and daily tax of 10 cents upon 
all guests upon the grounds. Besides 
hotel accommodations many of the 
cottagers take boarders. It is a beau- 
tiful. spot among the Chautauqua hills 
and its altitude is nearly 300 feet above 
Lake Erie, so that, although one is not 
of their peculiar belief, it is still a sat- 
isfactory place for a summer outing. 

I/inwood Avenue. — A beautiful 
avenue 99 feet wide and one and one- 
third miles long. It begins at 41 North 
Street and runs north to 923 W. Del- 
.avan Avenue. This vicinity is one of 
the aristocratic neighborhoods, having 
many attractive homes. 

I/ive Stock Markets. — Buffalo is 
one of the greatest live stock markets 
in the world. It is the second largest 
cattle market, the largest sheep mar- 



LOC— LUT 84 

ket and one of the largest horse mar- 
kets. One hundred thousand carloads 
of live stock come into Buffalo every 
year. Every day in the year the live 
stock received in Buffalo would make 
a procession, ten abreast, five miles 
long. The following shows the growth 
of live stock trade since 1857: 

Year. Cattle, Hogs, Sheep, Horses, 

head. head. head. head. 

1895. . 795, 8so 3,983,616 2,685,700 96,500 

1894. . 842,400 4,880,500 3,092,200 79,410 

1893. . 839,140 5,803,070 2,500,854 72,320 

1892. . 995,980 4,825,350 2,583,000 71,500 

1891. . 981,060 5,657,850 2,450,800 74,000 

1890.1,061,131 5,603,540 2,433,000 75,354 

1889. . 898,149 3,966,560 2,434,800 59,033 

1888. . 769,420 3.508,375 2,242,400 5,418 

1887. . 568,140 3,071,305 2,101, 800 42,570 

1877. . 569,915 1,128,770 763.600 12,557 

1867. . 257,872 239,943 697,440 3,454 

1857. . 108,203 117,168 307.549 268 

STOCK SLAUGHTERED. 

The number of head of cattle, hogs 
and sheep slaughtered in the city for 
the last ten years is as follows, as esti- 
mated from the most reliable sources 
available : 

Year. Cattle, Hogs, Sheep, 

head. head. head. 

1895 69,080 1,437,120 1,041,000 

1894 78,260 761,340 729,175 

1893 76,800 1,368,036 479,960 

1892 66,586 691,500 658,800 

1891 77,440 657,605 350,000 

1890 133,722 1,751,640 842,000 

1889 66,500 1,894,785 790,000 

1888 60,500 977,875 674,600 

1887 56,080 970,250 567,000 

1886 46,223 921,840 328,600 

Note — In estimating numbers allow 125 
hogs or 200 sheep or 20 cattle to a carload. 

I^ockport. — A city of about 
30,000 inhabitants, 25 miles from 
Buffalo, on the Erie Canal, N. Y. C. & 
H. R„ andN. Y., L. E. & W. rail- 
ways. Engaged in manufacturing 
with water power, and stone quarry- 
ing. Fruit and agricultural district. 

l/ost Property. — (See Abandoned 
and lost property). 

I/Utnber Exchange. — B u ff a 1 o 
Lumber Exchange was organized in 



1880, for the discussion and protection 
of lumber interests Meetings are sub- 
ject to the call of the president, and 
are held in the Merchants^ Exchange. 

I/Utheran Churches. — The fol- 
lowing in Buffalo are located as given : 

Calvary English Evangelical 
Lutheran Congregation, Ellicott, 
corner Dodge Street. 

Concordia German Lutheran, 
Northampton, near Jefferson Street. 

Church of the Redeemer, Eng- 
lish Lutheran, corner Elmwood 
and Highland Avenues. 

Eagle Street English Luth- 
eran Church^ Eagle Street, west of 
Jefferson. 

English Evangelical Church 
OF the Holy Trinity, 476 Ellicott 
Street. 

Evangelical Lutheran St. 
John's, Hickory, between Broadway 
and William Streets. 

Evangelical Lutheran St. 
Paul's, Scoville Avenue. 

Evangelical Lutheran Emmaus, 
Southampton, near Jefferson Street. 

First German and English 
Evangelical Lutheran, Genesee 
Street, corner Rohr. 

German Evangelical Lutheran 
Christ's, 704 Broadway. 

First German Evangelical 
Lutheran Trinity, Michigan Street, 
between Sycamore and Genesee. 

German Evangelical Lutheran 
St. Andrews, Peckham, corner Sher- 
man Street, 

German Evangelical Lutheran 
Grace, corner Carlton and Rose 
Streets. 

German Lutheran Trinity, cor 
ner Goodell and Maple Streets. 

Swedish Evangelical Lutheran 
Trinity Church, Spring Street, near 
Broadway. 



Zion's English Lutheran, meets 
at G. A. R. Assembly Rooms, West 
Ferry, near Grant Street. 

I/Utheran Young Men's Asso- 
ciation. — This association, at 665 
Michigan Street, was organized in 
1873, and has a present membership 
of no. There are 3,500 volumes in 
the library, of both English and Ger- 
man literature. The library is open 
Tuesday and Thursday evenings, from 
8 to 10.30 p. M. 

Main Street. — The principal 
business street of the city, beginning 
at the Buffalo River and running north 
to the city line, a distance of six and 
one-half miles. The street is 99 feet 
wide and is paved with asphalt. From 
the river to Tupper Street, is an almost 
unbroken line of business establish- 
ments, but be3'Ond Tupper to Cold 
Springs are many fine residences. 
The most important buildings upon 
this street have been mentioned under 
their own head. A few of the fine 
buildings are : Manufacturers' and 
Traders' Bank, corner Main' and 
Seneca Streets; Bank of Buffalo, N. 
W. corner of Main and Seneca Streets; 
W. H, Glenny, Sons, & Co., 251-257 
Main Street; WiUiam Hengerer Co., 
256-268; Ellicott Square, between 
Swan and South Division Streets, 
opposite which is the White Building; 
Erie County Bank Building, corner 
of Niagara Street; Hotel Iroquois, 
corner of Eagle Street; American 
Block, 396-402 ; Mooney - Brisbane 
Building, corner Clinton Street; 
German Insurance Building, corner 
of Lafayette Street; Pierce's Invalids' 
Hotel, between Chippewa and Tupper 
Streets; Music Hall, corner of 
Edward Street; St. Louis Church, N. 
W. cor. of Edward Street; German - 
American Brewery, corner High 
Street; St. Vincent's Orphan Assylum, 
corner of Riley Street; Markeen, 



85 LUT— MAR 

corner Utica Street; Rung Bros., 
corner Glenwood Avenue; Home of 
the Friendless at 1500 Main, Buffalo 
Hospital of the Sisters of Charity, 
near Masten Street; Providence Re- 
treat, near Humboldt Parkway; 
County Alms House and Hospital, 
at city line. 

Mansion House. — Corner of Main 
and Exchange Streets. A brick build- 
ing six stories high, having 244 rooms 
for the accommodation of guests. 
This house, being convenient to the 
depots is largely patronized by travel- 
ing men and transients. Rates per 
day $2.50 and upward. 

Marine Hospital. — The office of 
this hospital is located in room 25, 
Post-Off ice Building, Washington 
corner Seneca Street. This hospital 
furnishes relief for sick seaman on the 
lakes. The doctors in charge examine 
all applications for the position of 
pilot, and see if they are color blind ; 
also examines all applications for the 
Life-Saving service and all persons 
applying for appointment in the U. S. 
Cutter service. The first of every 
year bids are asked for from the 
different city hospitals; with the lowest 
bidder a contract is then made, and 
all the sick seamen are sent to the 
hospital contracted with. The surgeon 
in charge being a regular appointed 
officer of the service. At present all 
patients are sent to the Sisters of 
Charity Hospital, 1823 Main Street. 

Markets. — Elk Street. — Elk, 
Perry and Market Streets. 

Washington. — Washington, Chip- 
pewa and Ellicott Streets. 

Clinton. — Clinton, William and 
Bennett Streets. 

Broadway. — Broadway, east of 
Fillmore Avenue. 



MAS— MER 



86 



Masonic Board of Relief.— 

Meets the third Saturdays in January, 
April, July and October, in Masonic 
Temple on Niagara Street. The Board 
is made up of a committee appointed 
by the different lodges of Western 
New York, who have the power to 
assist any destitute mason of Buffalo 
or other city, who may apply to them 
for aid. 

Masonic Temple. — This building 
is situated at 43 Niagara Street, less 
than two blocks from Main. The 
Temple was erected in 1890-91 and is 
eight stories high, built of brick and 
stone, the entire cost being I165.000. 
It was dedicated in January, 1892, All 
but three Masonic orders in the city 
hold meetings in this temple. (See 
Freemasons.) 

Mayor's Department. — The 

Mayor's Department consists of the 
Mayor whose salary is $5,000 per an- 
num, the secretary to mayor at $2,000, 
a license clerk, a stenographer and a 
detective and messenger. The Mayor 
is the executive head of the city and 
its legal representative in all processes 
of law. etc. "He does not direct legis- 
lation, but is vested with a veto power. 
His annual message is presented to 
the Common Council in January of 
each year. His offices are in the City 
Hall. 

Medical Colleges, Societies 
and Associations. — University of 
Buffalo, High Street, near Main. 

Buffalo Coll-ege of Pharmacy, 
(a department of University of Buffalo) 
High Street, near Main. 

Department of Dentistry (Uni- 
versity of Buffalo) High Street, near 
Main. 

Directory for Nurses (University 
of Buffalo.) 

Niagara University, 295 Ellicott 
Street. 



Alumni Association of the 
Medical Department of the Uni- 
versity of Buffalo- 

Alumni Association of the Med- 
ical Department of Niagara Uni- 
versity. 

Alumni Association of the De- 
partment OF Pharmacy. (University 
of Buffalo.) 

Board of Pension Surgeons for 
the United States, meetings each 
Wednesday at 10 a. m. Office 258 
Franklin Street. 

Buffalo Academy of Medicine, 
Organized July 16, 1845, meets reg- 
ularly on the first Tuesday of each 
month at hall over 7 West Mohawk. 

The Medical Club, meets alternate 
Wednesday evenings. 

Medical Union, meets third Tues- 
day of each month. 

The Buffalo Obstetrical Soci- 
ety, meets fourth Tuesdays, monthly, 
at homes of members. 

Erie County Medical Society, 
meetings held in January, annually. 

Erie County Pharmaceutical 
Association, Organized in 1881. 

Erie County Board of Phar^ 
MACY, meets monthly in Niagara Uni- 
versity Building, Ellicott Street, near 
Broadway. 

The Homeopathic Medical So- 
ciety OF Erie County, meets an- 
nually. 

The Homeopathic Medical So- 
ciety oiF Western New York, meets 
quarterly, in April, July, October and 
January. 

Merchants' Exchange. — The 

Bufitalo Merchants' Exchange, organ- 
ized in 1882. is one of the import- 
ant things Buffalo is justly proud 
of. , The imposing brick building 
which the Exchange now occupies, 
owned by the Board of Trade share- 
holders, was completed in 1883. It is 







MASONIC TEMPLE 



Book-binding .. 



OF EVERY DESCRIPTION CAREFULLY DONE 
AT THE LOWEST PRICES. SPECIAL OFFERS 
MADE TO SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES ON . . 
QUANTITIES 



Magazine Binding .. 



IN ANY STYLE TO MATCH OLDER VOLUMES. 
MISSING NUMBERS FOUND 



Blank Books .. 



WE MANUFACTURE ALL KINDS OF BLANK 
BOOKS FROM THE LARGEST BANK LEDGERS 
TO THE SMALLEST PASS BOOKS. BY HAVING 
YOUR BOOKS MADE TO ORDER YOU CAN- 
NOT ONLY GET BETTER MATERIAL BUT HAVE 
ANY SPECIAL RULING REQUIRED .... 



The Peter Paul Book Company 

420 Main Street, Buffalo 



situated at Seneca and Pearl Streets, 
is eight stories high, besides the base- 
ment with offices practically as good 
as some of those above. The build- 
ing is fire-proof, contains all modern 
improvements, has two passenger ele- 
vators, and eighty-one offices, besides 
the Exchange floor ; the building and 
land cost about 1300,000. The object 
of the Merchants' Exchange is to ob- 
tain and circulate valuable information 
concerning commerce, especially that 
of the city, to encourage wise treat- 
ment of handling or storing produce 
and merchandise, transportations, etc., 
as may seem best for the prosperity of 
Buffalo. The library and reading 
room is excellent. In addition to 
several hundred volumes on the lib- 
rary shelves, there are atlases, maps 
and most of the trade journals. Any 
person interested may become a mem- 
ber on recommendation of two mem- 
bers to the Floor Committee, subject 
to election by the Trustees, and pay- 
ment of fees. The membership is 
large and includes all classes of busi- 
ness men. The following are the 
standing committees : Finance, rooms 
and fixtures, floor arbitration, refer- 
ence, by-laws, transportation, freight 
bureau, real estate, general informa- 
tion, lumber, coal, oil, live stock, 
provisions, hay, groceries and pro- 
duce, flour and grain inspection, 
grain, call board, introduction, met- 
eorological, postal, harbor and canal 
improvement, banking and money, 
railway street, crossings at grade.- 
The Exchange has a gratuity fund 
controlled by five trustees and the 
secretary. Regular meetings of tTie 
Exchange Trustees, second Thursday 
in each month .^t 3.30 o'clock" P. m. 
Regular meetings of Gratuity. Fund 
Trustees, second Wednes'day in eacb 
mouth, at .noon. Other committee 
meetings subject to call of chairman. 



87 MES-MET 

Messenger Service. — There are 
companies who, for a fixed charge per 
month, will place a box in your house 
or office, by means of which you can 
summon at will a messenger boy, who 
wears a uniform and will execute any 
commission you may desire. These 
boxes for calling messengers may 
always be found in any of the first- 
class hotels, and are handy for the 
sending of notes, invitations, carrying 
of parcels and purchase of tickets 
when a tedious wait at the box office 
is necessary. The charge for boys by 
the hour is 20 cents, but when hired by 
the day, 15 cents per hour. The vari- 
ous companies furnish boys to distri- 
bute circulars in large quantities. 

Methodist episcopal Church- 
es and Missions.— AsBURY.— Pearl 

Street corner Chippewa. 

Central Park. — Parker Avenue 
near Amherst. 

Delaware Avenue. — Delaware 
Avenue corner Tupper. 

First German. — 179 Mortimer St. 

Second German. — East, between 
Hamilton and Austin Streets. 

Third German. — Northampton 
Street corner Masten. 

Glenwood. — 1434 and 1436 Main 
Street. 

Grace. — Michigan Street between 
North and South Division. 

Hampshire Street.— Harnpshire 
Street corner Normal Avenue. 

Kenmore. — Kenmore AvenUQ cor- 
ner Delaware. 

Kensington. ^^_ Marigold Aveaue 
corner Shawnee. 

Lovejoy St^^'eet.— Lovejoy Sfreet 
near Bailey Avciiue. - - - * ;- - 

Metcalf Street. — Mejicalf Street 
near William. _ 

Ontario Street. — Ontario Street 
corner Tonawanda. 



MIC— MOD 



PlYxMOUth. — Jersey Street corner 
Plymouth Avenue. 

Richmond Avenue. — Richmond 
Avenue corner West Ferry Street. 

Ripley Memorial. — 326 Dearborn 
Street. 

Riverside. — Bird Avenue corner 
West. 

Sentinel. — Howard Street corner 
Monroe. 

St. Mark's. — Elk Street near Ham- 
burg. 

Seneca Street. — Seneca corner 
Imson. 

Sumner Avenue. — Sumner Avenue 
near Walden. 

WooDSiDE. — Abbott Road, near 
Cazenovia. 

First African. — (Colored) Vine 
Street near Oak. 

missions. 

Abbott Road. — Abbott Road cor- 
ner Smith Street. Care St. Mark's 
Church. 

Clinton Street (Sunday School 
Mission) — Care Seneca Street Church. 

Epworth Chapel (Sunday School 
Mission) — 676 Genesee. Care Dela- 
ware Avenue Church League. 

Michigan Street. — A long street 
east of Main, iimning north from the 
lake to 1619 Main Street. From the 
river to Tupper Street it is essenti- 
ally a business street, with some board- 
ing houses interspersed. Beyond 
Tupper, on the hill, there are many 
neat attractive homes. 

Microscopical Club. — A branch 
of the. Society of Natural Sciences. 
The Club^ has 125 members and holds 
meetings on the second Monday of 
each month, in the Buffalo Library 
and Art Building, Natural Science 
Lecture Room. 



Military Affairs. — Probably 
Buffalo can hold its own with any city \ 
of its size as regards its Military 
affairs. Soldiers in uniform are always 
visible upon the streets, as a United ^ 
States Army (13th Infantry), is 
stationed at Fort Porter. Other 
organizations are the Seventy-Fourth 
Regiment, having eight companies 
and numbering in all 514 men ; 
with headquarters in the Armory, j 
corner of Virginia Street and Elm- 
wood Avenue ; Sixty-fifth Regiment, 
eight companies, entire regiment 
500 men, with headquarters in the 
N Y State Arsenal, Broadway, cor. 1 
of Potter. A considerable body of 
thoroughly drilled and equipped 
militiamen can readily be summoned 
to put down a riot or meet any other I 
emergency, when police service is 
inadequate. Buffalo regiments have 
done good service during large and 
prolonged strikes, protecting life and 
property in a valorous manner as 
befits the soldier. The two regi- 
ments usually march on Memorial 
Day ; and must liold themselves in 
readiness to turn out for dress parade, 
subject to the order of the Colonel. 
In addition to State military men, 
Buffalo has a cavalry troop which is 
an independent organization. 

Milling.— (See Flour Mills). 

Mooney and Brisbane Building-. 

— Erected in 1895 on the site occupied 
formally by the meniorable old Arcade, 
at the corner of Main and Clinton 
Streets It is one of the finest mer- 
cantile and office buildings in The city. 
Tlie style of architecture followed, 
with admirable effect, is the- classic 
Renaissance, For the construction 
there was used over 2,000 tons of iron 
and steel, about 3,000.000 bricl>s, 
200,000 square feet fire-proof floor 
arching, and nearly 100,000 square 
feet of fire-proof partitions, besides an 
enormous quantity of building stone, 



THE TOWER 



OF THE 



D. S. Morgan Building 

^S one of the interesting points in Buffalo for tourists to visit* 

(© From this Tower^ which is the higfhest point in Buffalo, may 
be had a view of the City of Buffalo, its Harbor, Lake Erie, 
and in clear weather, Nia§:ara Falls* The Tower is open daily 

after 9 A* M*, is reached by elevator from the g^round floor and is 

centrally located* 

^(Sb Cbe D. $♦ morgan BUildrng is one of the handsomest and best 
appointed office buildin§;s in America and is worth inspecting;* 
Offices for rent, prices ranging; from $ J 9.00 up* Apply to D* $♦ HtOrgait 
$ Co., Room 307 for particulars* 

(^(^The buildingf is occupied by all classes of business and profes- 
sional people, including a Tir$t--Cla$$ Barber $bOP on the Hth floor 
and an ClCgatlt CafC for ladies and gentlemen in the basement* 



School Books and School Supplies 

WE CARRY IN STOCK EVERYTHING 



REQUISITE FOR SCHOOL WORK AND 
CAN OFFER SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS 

TO TEACHERS AND SCHOOL BOARDS 

BOOKS FOR SCHOOL LIBRARIES . . 

W W \lr 

THE PETER PAUL BOOK COMPANY 




D. S. MORGAN BUILDING 



89 



MON— MUN 



concrete, cut stone, terra cotta, cop- 
per, marble, etc. It has a frontage 
of i8o feet on Main and Washington 
Streets, and 200 feet on CHnton Street; 
is seven stories high, with heating, 
plumbing and electrical equipment of 
the latest improved arrangement. It 
has four iron, electro-bronze, dome- 
top elevators, each with a capacity to 
lift 10,000 pounds from basement to 
top story. The interior space is about 
2.500,000 cubic feet. The first floor is 
17 feet high, and so constructed that 
the entire floor can be used as one 
store, covering an area of about 32,000 
square feet, or it can be subdivided in- 
to two, four, or eight stores, running 
through to Washington Street, with 
basements under the whole, 12 feet in 
the clear. The second floor is arranged 
for a grand "Bon Marche," consisting 
of 16 bazaars, each one 19 feet wide 
and 70 feet deep, and all fronting on a 
court 50 feet wide, which starts at the 
center of the Clinton Street side and 
extends south to the party line, being 
180 feet long. This floor is a special 
feature of the building, as the court is 
heated in the winter and made a 
garden foyer with palms and plants. 
All the ofiices on the floors above look 
out into open air. There are 36 
offices on each floor, each about 19x28 
feet, and all except eight, face directly 
or indirectly upon the streets. 

Morgan Building. — The D. S. 

Morgan Building is a general office- 
building situated at the southwest 
corner of Niagara and Pearl Streets in 
the very business center of the city. 
The building has a height of 157 feet. 
An observatory tower extends 64 
feet above the roof at the center of the 
building, giving a total height above 
the pavements of 221 feet. From this 
tower may be had the most extensive 
view obtainable of the city of Buffalo 
and surrounding country. The out- 
side of the dome is fitted with a large 



number of incandescent lamps, pro- 
ducing a beautiful effect, as they stand 
out brightly against the dark sky of 
night. The building has a frontage of 
69 feet on Niagara Street, and a front- 
age of 55 feet on Pearl. It is built of 
gray brick and gray terra cotta ; is 
twelve stories high, with a vestibule 
entrance. The space in hall is divided 
by an Arcade passage on either side ; 
the floor is of marble mosaic, and four 
hydraulic elevators are conveniently in 
sight as you enter. The interrior halls 
and corridors are wainscoted as high 
as the windows, on all stories with 
white Italian marble, Tennessee mar- 
ble serving as a mopboard ; the wood 
used throughout the building is white 
oak. No oflfice building in the city has 
better light facilities. The manner in 
which Niagara, Pearl and Eagle 
Streets istersect each other in front of 
the building, forms a large open tri- 
angle. Windows of unusual size give 
tenants plenty of light, as well as op- 
portunity for view or display. The 
rear light court has an area of 2600 
square feet, thus the light given rear 
offices is ample, while the office space 
in the basement under the sidewalk is 
lighted by special sidewalk lights. 
The heating, lighting and plumbing 
are all of the latest and most approved 
type. There are 156 offices altogether, 
and the building is absolutely fire- 
proof. Visitors may go into the tower 
of this building any day during the 
week upon payment of ten cents. 

Morgue. — A one-story brick build- 
ing on the Terrace near Church Street. 
It has 12 lockers, and bodies are kept 
from 12 to 15 days. When bodies are 
identified they are turned over to the 
claimant but cannot be removed from 
the morgue without a written consent 
from the coroner. 

Municipal Building. — Situated 
on Delaware Avenue near West Eagle 
Street and directly opposite the City 



MUN— MUS 90 

Building. It was erected in 1889 by 
the city, to meet the crowded condition 
which then existed in the City Building'. 
In this building are located the Water 
Department, Commissioner of Public 
Buildings, Department of Public In- 
struction, Health Department and the 
Municipal Court. The building is 
three stories high, built of brick with 
stone trimmings. 

Municipal Ownership I<eague. 

— Organized in 1893, and has about 
400 members. They have no special 
time of meeting, but when there is any 
important matter concerning the wel- 
fare of the city under consideration, 
the president may appoint a meeting 
at any time. The principal object of 
the association is to advance belief 
that the city should control its own 
system of public lighting and all other 
branches of its public service, and t-^ 
conduct the city's business in an econ- 
omic and business-like way. 

Musical Societies. — Buffalo Mus- 
ical Association, organized in 1888. 
Has a membership of 25. The Asso- 
ciation holds an annual meeting in 
November. All other meetings are 
subject to the call of the president. 
The annual dues are $5. Under the 
auspices of this association many ex- 
cellent concerts are given. 

Badisher Leiderkranz, meets at 
Honnecker's Hall, Sycamore, corner 
Hickory Street, every Friday evening. 

Buffalo Musical Association, 
incorporated 1885. 

Buffalo Vocal Society. — Re- 
hearsals held every Tuesday evening 
during the season. 

Buffalo Junger Maennerchor, 
meets Monday and Saturday evenings 
at Sticht's . Hall; East Huron, corner 
Ellicott Street. 

Buffalo Zither Club, meets .every 
Tuesday evening over 186 Genesee 
Street. , " 



Deutscher Saengerbund, meets 
Wednesdays and Fridays. 

East Buffalo Mannaerchor, 
meets every Thursday, Lovejoy, corner 
Smith Street. 

Germania Singing Society, meets 
at Pankow's Hall, 291 William Street, 
every Thursday evening. 

Guard of Honor Orchestra, 
(Amateur) meets for practice Salur- 
evenings at the Society's building, 
620-622 Washington Street. 

Harmonie Singing Society, meets 
every Wednesday evening, at Pan- 
kow's Hall. 291 William Street. 

Harugari Frohsinn, meets every 
Monday at hall, corner Howard and 
Watson Streets. 

Harugari Liedertafel. meets 
every Thursday evening at hall, Aus- 
tin, corner Glor Street. 

Harugari Maennerchor, meets 
every Friday at Harmonia Hall, 264 
Genesee Street. 

Italian Singing Society and 
Bergsaglieri Company, meets at 
church hall. Court Street, corner Mor- 
gan, every Monday and Thursday 
evenings. 

The Liedertafel, meets at their 
hall, corner of Main and East Chip- 
pewa Streets. 

Mendelssohn Club, organized 
March 31, 1879. Meets every Monday 
at 150 North Street. 

Orpheus Singing Society, meets 
first Friday evenings." monthly. 

- St. Andrew's Orchestra, meets 
MoJiday evenings at St. Ann's Church 
Guild House. - • 

Tbutonia Maennerchor, meets at 
Lincoln Hall, William Street, corner 
Emslie, every Thursday evening. • 

Annie Rooney Maennerchor, 
organized March 17, 1891. Meets 
weekly at Music Hall, Main Street, 
corner Edward. .. 



Music Hall. — This is a handsome 
structure of brick and sandstone occu- 
pying the site formerly known as the 
VValden estate, which was purchased 
by the German Young Men's Associa- 
tion. The first Music Hall was erected 
in 18S2-3 and was opened to the public 
in July, 1883. In this hall the large 
singing festival of 1884 was held and 
nearly the whole population of Buffalo 
participated and made it a grand suc- 
cess. One year later, on April 25, 
1885, the hall was destroyed by fire 
and nearly the whole of the German 
Y. M. C. A. library was lost. The 
members of the Association decided to 
rebuild Music Hall without delay, so 
subscriptions were opened at once and 
were enthusiastically met by the peo- 
ple, so that money poured in 
and at the end of two years a much 
finer Music Hall was completed, and 
stands today on Mtiin corner of Ed- 
ward Street, " a thing of beauty and a 
joy forever." It has a frontage of 188 
feet on Main Street and 262 feet on 
Edward. The main hall is 85x115 
feet with a stage 48x80 and has a seat- 
ing capacity of 3,000. Besides the 
large hall there is provided a Concert 
Hall for concerts and lectures on a 
smaller scale than those taking place 
in Music Hall. There are also well 
equipped rooms which were used until 
recently as parlors by the Buffalo Or- 
pheus and Saengerbund Societies. 
The Grand Opera and all the Buffalo 
Symphony Orchestra Concerts, togeth- 
er with others, take place in this hall, 
which is often leased, too, for import- 
ant theatrical performances where the 
stage facilities of the other theaters are 
inadequate. The cost of Music Hall 
was $200,000. 

Natural Gas. — Since 1886 this 
has been a standard article of fuel. 
It averages favorably for household 
use in cost with coal and is greatly to 
be prefered, as it is an enormous sav- 



91 MUS— NEW 

ing of labor. There are over 100 miles 
of pipe laid in the city, through which 
it is conveyed to consumers. Most 
of the natural gas used in Buffalo is 
secured from Pennsylvania and 
Ontario, Canada, also a small amount 
from the West Seneca wells of Buffalo. 
The price of gas to the ordinary con- 
sumer is twenty-five cents per thousand 
feet. 

Natural Science. — Society of 
Natural Sciences. In the basement 
of the Library Building, entrance from 
the main hall, will be found the curio- 
sity shop of the Buffalo Society of 
Natural Sciences, which organization, 
dating from 1861, is the local repre- 
sentative of the great scientific world. 
The late Judge Clinton, and other 
gentlemen interested in the beauties of 
nature, planned the society in the 
hope of doing great good for genera- 
tions of Bufitalonians, and their desire 
has been fulfilled. In the lecture hall 
there are given semi-monthly popular 
expositions of live topics. The muse- 
um has large collections in the fields 
of geology, mineralogy, archaeology, 
ornithology, cachology, etc. Specially 
noteworthy are the Clinton Herbarium 
and the group of the almost extinct 
Bison, from which animal Buffalo is 
named. This group is as fine as any 
in the World. There is a splendid 
representation of "mound-builders' " 
relics. All these sights are free to the 
public, and offer great educational 
advantage. There is also a good 
scientific library, which can. be con- 
sulted by permission of the Museum 
Director. Aflfiliated with the Society, 
•and enjoying the use of its rooms, are 
the Field Club, the Electrical Society, 
the Microscopical Society, and the 
Engineers' Society of Western New 
York. The 8th District Dental Society 
also meets there. 

Newsboys and Bootblacks' 
Home. — Was incorporated under the 



NEW 



92 



laws of this State on the fourth day of 
March, 1883. The particular business 
and objects of the Society as shown 
by the certificate of incorporation, are 
the establishment and maintainance of 
one or more homes for children in the 
city of Buffalo. The protection, care, 
shelter and saving- of friendless and 
v^agrant children, furnishing them with 
food, raiment and lodging ; aiding and 
ministering to their wants ; providing 
them with suitable occupation ; in- 
structing them in moral and religious 
truths and in the rudiments of 
education, and, with such means as the 
Society can properly employ, endeav- 
oring to make them virtuous and use- 
ful citizens. Before its incorporation 
the Society was known as "The 
Buffalo Child Saving Society." Previ- 
ous to occupying the present building, 
the Society rented a brick building at 
55 Pearl Street. On May 4, 1885, they 
took possession of their present Home, 
situated at 29 Franklin Street, The 
property cost |;io,ooo and has enhanced 
greatly in value since its purchase. 
115,000 was the price asked for it, 
but when the owner, the late Dr. 
Hubbard Foster, learned of the use to 
which it was put, he consented to sell 
it to the Society for |ro,ooo. It is now 
entirely free from encumbrance, for 
which those who gave money and 
others w^ho gave time to the work of 
securing the discharge of the |;6,ooo 
mortgage on the property deserve 
special credit. This is truly a home 
for homeless boys and this charity is 
non-sectariarl -; all nationalities and 
religions are repres^ted. Any news- 
boy ar boot-black under sixteen years 
of age is taken under the protection of 
this Home. Various entertainments 
are given the boys and Thanksgiving- 
is always celebrated with a bi,g dinner. 
There is an excellent night school 
where the boys are taught the common 
English branches while industrial 
training is not overlooked. The 



aim is not to pauperize boys by 
having them loafing around the Home 
during the day, but on the contrary, 
to have them engaged at some busi- 
ness that will eventually elevate them 
to be successful business men and 
honored citizens. The Home can 
accomodate 56 boys and is supported 
by public donations and voluntary 
contribution. 

Newspapers and Periodicals.— 

A list of newspapers and periodicals 
with the frequency of their issue, with 
class and subscription price. 

American Bookbinder. — Monthly. 
Trade. $1.25. 

American Investments .-Monthly, 
Finance. |;i.oo. 

American Wood - Worker. — 
Monthly. Trade. $1.50. 

A. O. U. W. Review. — Monthly. 
Lodge. |:i.oo. 

Arbeiter - Zeiting. (German) . — 
Weekly, Labor, $2,00. 

Aurora, (German). — Weekly, Re- 
ligious. $2.50. 

BuFFALONiAN. — Weekly, News. 

|l.OO. 

Catholic Union and Times. — 
Weekly. Religious, $2,00. 

Chautauqua Tourist. — Daily, 
during July, August and September. 
News. $ .50. 

Christian Uplook. — Weekly. 
Religious, $1,00. 

Christliche Woche. (German). 
Weekly. Religious. I1.50. 

Commercial. — Daily. News. ^.00. 

Commercial. — Weekly. News. 
1 1. 00. 

Courier. — Daily. News. $6.00. 

Courier.— Sunday. News. |;2.oo. 

CourIer. — Weekly. News. |i.oo 

Cyclopedic RE\qEw of Current 

History. — Quarterly, Historical, 

I1.50. 




«*;»,:.; 



Jill 



ARE YOU TRAVELING? 



Writing Papers. 



The Best Papers of Well Known Mills. 
Cheap Papers by the Pound. 



FOUNTAIN PENS, 
TRAVELERS' INKSTANDS, 
MEMORANDUM BOOKS, 
SKETCH BOOKS. 



Guide Books, 
Views of Buffalo, 
Views of Niagara Falls. 

LIGHT READING IN PAPER COVERS. 

The Peter Paul Book Co. 



93 



NIA 



Demokrat. ( German ). — Daily. 
News. I6.50. 

Demokrat, (German). — Weekly. 
News. Ir.50. 

Dental Practitioner and Ad- 
vertiser. — Quarterly. Trade. |i.oo. 

Echo. (Polish). — Weekly. News. 
|i.oo. 

Enquirer. — Daily. News. I3.00. 

Evening News. — Daily. News. 
$3.00. 

Evening Times. — Daily. News. 
I3.00. 

Express. — Weekly edition of Morn- 
ing Express. News. |i.oo. 

Farmers' Journal and Live 
Stock Review. — Weekly. Commer- 
cial. I1.25. 

Freie Presse (German) — Daily. 
News. $6.50. 

Freie Presse (German) — Weekly. 
News. I2.00. 

Horse Gazette. — Weekly. Sport- 
ing. Ii.oo. 

Horse World. — Weekly. Sport- 
ing. $1.00. 

Illustrated Express (Sunday). — 
Weekly. News. $2,00. 

International Gazette. — Week- 
ly. News. ^T.oo. 

Iron Industry Gazette — Monthly. 
Trade. $1.50. 

Lumber Trade Gazette. — Semi- 
monthly. Trade. $2.00. 

Lumber World. — Monthly. Trade. 
I1.50. 

Mcfaul's Factory and Dealers' 
Supply World. — Monthly. Mechan- 
ical. I1.50. 

Magazine of Poetry. — Monthly. 
Literary. $2.00. 

Medical and Surgical Jour- 
nal.— Monthly. Medical. |2.oo. 

Mercantile Review and Price 
Current. — Daily. Commercial. I4.00. 



Milling World and Chronicle 
OF THE Grain and Flour Trade. — 
Weekly. Trade. I1.50. 

Morning Express. — Daily. News, 
$6.00. 

National Coopers' Journal. — 
Monthly. Trade. $2.00. 

National Odd Fellow. — Weekly. 
Lodge. $1.50. 

New York Maccabee. — Monthly. 
Lodge. 1.50. 

Our Church. — Monthly. Religi- 
ous. 1 .50. 

Our Record. — Monthly. Benevo- 
lent. 1 .65. 

People's Advocate. — Weekly. 
News. |i.oo 

PoLAK w Ameryce. (PoHsh).-Semi- 
weekly. News. ^2.50. 

Produce Journal. — Weekly. 
Trade. | .75. 

Pulpit. — Monthly. Religious. $1.00. 

Real Estate and Financial 
News. Weekly. Trade. $2.00. 

Roller Mill.— Monthly. Trade. 
I2.00. 

Royal Templar. — Monthly. Tem- 
perance. 50c. 

Sonntagspost (German) — Weekly. 
News. $2.50. 

Sunday Morning News. — Weekly. 
News. $2.50. 

Sunday Times. — Weekly. News. 
;^i.5o. 

Tribune (German) — Weekly. 
News. $2.00. 

Volksfreund (German) —D a i 1 y . 
News. |6.oo. 

Volksfreund (German) — Weekly. 
News. ^1.50. 

Niagara Hotel.— This hotel has 
one of the finest sites in the city, being 
situated on Prospect Hill, near one of 
the chief driveways, having Prospect 
Park on the right and The Front on 



NIA 



94 



the left, it commands a fine view of 
Lake Erie and Niagara River, and in 
the distance may be seen the uneven 
shores of Canada. It is a splendid 
structure, after the Colonial style, five 
stories high, built of pressed brick with 
Medina sandstone trimmings. The 
main entrance is on Porter Avenue, the 
approach being a grand veranda 80 
feet long by 16 feet wide. To the 
right of the main hall a broad staircase 
leads to the floors above ; at the end of 
the hall, glass doors open into a palm 
house which wins the admiration of 
every visitor. There are three dining- 
rooms. The main one adjoins the 
conservatory, with which it is con- 
nected by double glass doors. Many 
of the rooms on each floor are arranged 
eii suite, and comprise single and 
double parlors, with two or three bed- 
rooms, one or more baths,closets,etc., 
all connected by single or double slid- 
ing doors. The appointments and 
management of the house are strictly 
first-class and it numbers among its 
resident guests some of the first fam- 
ilies of Buffalo. The Niagara was 
opened on the loth of October, 1888, 
and is now one of the most popular 
houses in Western New York. 

Niagara-on-the-I/ake. — A sum- 
mer resort, opposite Youngstown, on 
the Canadian shore, near the mouth of 
the Niagara River. The country round 
about is beautiful with its summer 
homes and flowering gardens, finedrives 
with lake and river view. It is a favor- 
ite resort with Buffalonians, and many 
a merry water-party make it their ob- 
jective point. There are several hotels, 
the principal being the Queen's Roy- 
al, where a bevy of fashionable young 
people may always be found in attend- 
ance at the regular hops which take 
place every week. At night as one 
views the myriad lights of Niagara-on- 
the Lake, from the deck of a passing 
boat, and catches the inspiriting strains 



of a waltz, one fain would linger and 
join the gay throng within. The usual 
attractions of watering-places are 
found here, together with excellent 
bass fishing. Niagaga-on-the-Lake is 
reached direct by the Michigan Cen- 
tral R. R., or trains may be taken to 
Lewiston, where they connect with the 
Toronto boats, which stop at 
Niagara-on-the-Lake. The latter route 
is much to be preferred. Rates at the 
Queen's Royal are I3.00 per day and 
upward. 

Niagara River. — Flows from 
Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, a distance 
of 36 miles, during which it makes 
a total descent of 326 feet, about 50 
feet in the rapids above, and nearly 
1 10 below the falls. Below the cataract 
the river is crossed by a suspension 
bridge for carriages and foot-passen- 
gers, and a mile and a half farther 
down there are two railway bridges 
— one a cantilever bridge. The lands 
bordering on both shores of the 
river, for some distance above and 
below the falls, are under the control 
of their respective governments. 

Niagara Square. — At junction of 
Court, West Genesee, Delaware Av- 
enue and Niagara Street. On this 
Square is the old Fillmore mansion, 
and on the corners are small parks, 
which, however, are marred greatly by 
'* short-cut" paths worn across the 
greens by pedestrians. 

Niagara Street is a long street 
running north-west from Main Street 
to the city line. From Main to Jersey 
Street there are more or less business 
places, yet there are also a number of 
fine residences, as Niagara Street was 
formerly considered a desirable loca- 
tion for a home, but it has deteriorated 
and soon will be entirely given over to 
business. From Jersey Street on are 
beautiful homes, with large lawns in 



95 



front of them, and as Prospect Park is 
on the hill land hereabout is valuat>le. 

Niagara University — was first 
founded as a seminary ot learning in 
1856, and has steadily increased in 
growth until it has now become an 
important educational institution. It 
is beautifully located on Niagara River, 
near the famous cataract, Niagara 
Falls, and offers excellent opportuni- 
ties for the education of joung men in 
the departments of art, theology and 
medicine. The Medical Department 
of the University is situated in Buffalo, 
at 203 Ellicott Street between Broad- 
way and Clinton. The College build- 
ing provides a large amphitheatre, two 
lecture halls, chemical laboratories, 
well-lighted and ventilated dissecting- 
room, reading-room and museum. 
This college of medicine also receives 
women upon the same conditions and 
terms as men. A separate dissecting 
room is provided for them, and all 
their special wants are suitably met. 
Regular course of lectures opens the 
latter part of September. This de- 
partment of the University was or- 
ganized in 1883. At the outset of 
its career it committed itself to the 
interests of higher medical education 
in the United States, and has main- 
tained its original position and pur- 
pose. This college exacts from all 
students on entrance, at least a good 
English education and an elementary 
knowledge of Latin, in adopting a 
graded system of study, and in making 
three annual courses of lectures ob- 
ligatory. 

Normal School.— The State Nor- 
mal and Training School stands upon 
a natural eminence in a quarter of the 
city which is very attractive. It is a 
brick building, three stories in height. 
It presents a front on Jersey Street of 
164 feet, and on Normal Avenue, and 
Fourteenth Street each a front of 85 feet. 
It is situated on a campus containing 



NIA— NOR 

four and one-third acres, surrounded 
by stately elm trees and flowering 
shrubbery. A handsome, commodi- 
ous residence for the principal was 
erected on the campus two years ago, 
and the rooms in the school building 
formerly occupied by the principal and 
his family were thus available for school 
purposes. The school consists of two 
departments — a Normal or Training 
School and School of Practice. The 
purpose of the Normal or Training 
School is the preparation of students 
for the profession of teaching. The 
School of Practice is divided into ten 
grades in which the senior class of the 
Normal or Training School is given 
practical instruction in the art of teach- 
ing. There has been added recently 
a kindergarten where pupil-teachers 
instruct the children, under the super- 
vision of a capable critic. A fee of 
|io.oo a term is charged pupils in the 
kindergarten. 

North Buffalo. — That portion of 
the city lying beyond Black Rock, ou 
the north and northwest. Has stations 
on the Falls division of the Central and 
Erie railroads. A number of manu- 
facturies are located in this district ; it 
also promises to be an important resi- 
dent portion ot the city. 

North Buffalo Catholic Associ- 
ation I/ibrary. — Is located at the 
corner of Dearborn and Amherst Sts. 
Was incorporated in 1888, and has 208 
members. The reading rooms are 
open every evening and Sunday after- 
noons. Annual dues are : gentlemen, 
$2.00 ; ladies, 50 cents. 

North Street. — A long street, run- 
ning east and west, paved with asphalt. 
From Delaware Ave. to the Circle, is a 
beautiful and fashionable resident por- 
tion of the city. Many elegant homes 
occupied by old established families of 
Buffalo are upon this street. Thus far 
the west end of this street has not been 



ODD— OFF 96 

encroached by business, and Buffalo- 
nians are partial to it when driving, as 
it leads into both Richmond and 
Delaware Avenues, the two main 
entrances to the Park, 

Nurses. — There is a great demand 
for trained nurses in a large city like 
Buffalo, and to meet this need a 
number of training-schools have been 
established for the purpose of edu- 
cating women for that business. The 
University of Buffalo, 24 High Street, 
has a directory for nurses, and where 
male and female nurses may be 
obtained for all cases at any hour of 
the day or night. Most of the large 
hospitals also send out nurses when 
desired. The average fees range from 
I15.00 to I20.00 per week according to 
the case. Other capable nurses may 
be had for from $10.00 to $15.00, most 
physicians having the names of such 
on their books which they will recom- 
mend to patients. 

Odd Fellows. — There are about 
10,000 Odd Fellows in the city, with 
the principal place of meeting in the 
German Insurance building. The va- 
rious lodges meet as follows : 



Niagara. 
Streets, 

Buffalo, 
Streets, 



Main and Lafayette 
Main and Lafayette 



Red Jacket. — Main and Lafayette 
Streets. 

CAZEiSfOviA. — Seneca Street, South 
Buffalo, 

Commodore Perry, — 443 Seneca 
Street, 

Idlewood, — 212 Jefferson Street, 

Walhalla. — 249 Genesee Street. 

Odin, — 571 Michigan Street. 

Concordia. — Corner Michigan and 
Cypress Streets. 



German Bundes. — 696 Michigan 
Street, 

Oriental, — Corner Michigan and 
Cypress Streets, 

East Buffalo. — Corner Clinton 
and Watson Streets, 

Lake Erie. —Corner Michigan and 
Cypress Streets. 

Morning Star. — 1232 Lovejoy St. 

HoBAH. — 1212 Clinton Street. 

Rheinland, — 1193 Broadway. 

New Era. — Corner Main and Swan 
Streets. 

North Buffalo. — Corner Niagara 
and Hamilton Streets. 

MizPAH. — 44 Breckenridge Street. 

Mystic Circle. — 373 Vermont St. 

Crescent. — Corner Main and Ferry 
Streets. 

Marine, — Main and Lafayette Sts, 

Northern Star, — Corner Clinton 
and Watson Streets. 

Mystic Star, — Broadway and Pratt 
Street. 

Bailey. — 1595 Broadway. 

Delta. — 563 William Street. 

Scajaquada. — Union Hall, corner 
Jefferson and Bristol Streets. 

Northern Light. — Walden and 
Fay Streets. 

Liberty. — Clinton and Oak Streets. 

Omega. — 145 High Street, 

Fidelity. — Broadway and Pratt 
Streets. 

Trinity. — 2351 Main Street, 

Eastern Star. — 990 Genesee St. 

Alpha. — 1222 Jefferson Street. 

Benevolent, — 1213 Genesee St, 

Office Buildings. — Agency- 
Building. — 42 and 44 Niagara Street. 

Austin Fire Proof Building. — 
1 10 Franklin, corner West Eagle Street. 



,..^w^s; 




< 
w 

X 



iiju. — txi-c „j-i'^' 



WE CARRY A COMPLETE 
. LINE OF . 

Mercantile Stationery 








FILING OUTFITS 
FILING CASES 
DUPLICATING PROCESSES 
DESK FURNISHINGS 
BLANK BOOKS 

LETTER PRESSES 
LETTER BOOKS 
WASTE BASKETS 
TYPEWRITER SUPPLIES 
TYPEWRITER PAPERS 
LAW BLANKS 
Etc., Etc. 



The Peter Paul Book Company 

420 MAIN STREET, BUFFALO 



Builders' Exchange. — Court 
Street, corner Pearl. 

Chapin Block. — West Swan, be- 
tween Main and Pearl Streets. 

Coal and Iron Exchange Build- 
ing. — 255, 257 and 259 Washington 
Street. 

Dun Building, The. — no and 112 
Pearl Street. 

Ellicott Square Building. — 
Main, Swan, Washington and South 
Division Streets. 

Erie County Bank Building. — 
Main, Niagara, Church and Pearl Sts. 

Exchange Buidling. — 196 to 202 
Main Street. 

FoRNES Building. — Court, corner 
Pearl Street. 

German Insurance Company 
Building. — Main, corner Lafayette. 

Guaranty Building. — Southwest 
corner Pearl and Church Streets. 

Hayen Building. — Main, corner 
West Seneca Street. 

KiNGSLEY Building. — 119-121 
Franklin, corner Express Street. 

Law Exchange. — Niagara, corner 
West Eagle Street. 

Market Arcade. — 615 Main Street. 

Mohawk Office Building. — 
Main, corner East Mohawk Street. 

Mooney & Brisbane Building.— 
Corners Main, Clinton and Washing- 
ton Streets. 

Morgan Building. — 534 and 536 
Main Street. 

Morgan (D. S.) Building. — Niag- 
ara, corner Pearl Street. 

Niagara Building. — 37 and 39 
Niagara Street. 

Stafford Building. — Northwest 
corner Pearl and Church Streets. 

Tucker Building. — 37 and 39 
Court Street. 



97 OLD— ORD 

Old German Society. — This 
Society was formerly called the " Old 
Folks' Association," and was organ- 
ized in 1869. The Society was re- 
organized in 1888 under its present 
name. It has 125 members and holds 
meetings annually in the month of 
January, in the German Insurance 
Building, corner of Main and Lafayette 
Streets. 

Ohio Basin. — Between Wabash 
and Louisiana Streets, just north of 
Buffalo Creek. From this basin runs 
the Ohio Basin slip which connects 
with Hamburg Canal. 

Order of Chosen Friends. — 

Erie Council No. 23. — Every first 
and third Wednesday evenings at 
Hesper Parlors, I3>^ East Swan St. 

Buffalo Council No. 53. — Every 
Thursday evening at Vox's Hall, 606 
William Street. 

Summer Council No. 65. — Mon- 
day evenings at hall, 1593 Broadway. 

Family Council No. 90. — Wednes- 
days at 435 Seneca Street. 

Eagle Council No. ioi. — Alter- 
nate Friday evenings at hall, 412 South 
Division Street. 

Clark Council No. 103. — Second 
and fourth Mondays, monthly, at hall, 
373 Vermont Street. 

Hydraulic Council No. 104. — 
Second and fourth Wednesday even- 
ings, corner Seneca and Van Renssel- 
aer Streets. 

Or den der Preiheit. — Lodges all 
meet at Sticht's Hall, Ellicott corner 
East Huron Street, as follows 
(except Schiller No. 5 and Hiller No. 

12): 

Grand Lodge. — Every first Sunday 
in February, May, August and 
November. 

Harmonia Degree Lodge No. i. 
— Every third Sunday. 



ORD— PAL 



98 



Kossuth No. i. — Every second and 
fourth Tuesday Evenings. 

Washington No. 4. — Every first 
and third Wednesday Evenings. 

Schiller No. 5. — Every first and 
third Thursday Evenings, at hall, 
Broadway corner Adams Street. 

Lincoln No. 7. — Every second and 
fourth Saturday Evening. 

HiLLER No. 12. — Every second and 
fourth Monday Evening, at hall, 
Howard corner Watson Street. 

Order of United Friends.— The 

following Councils meet as follows : 

Pioneer No. 2. — First, third and 
fifth Thursdays at Steingoetter Hall, 
Michigan, corner WiUiam Street. 

Columbia No. 17. — First and third 
Thursdays at hall, over 7 West Mo- 
hawk Street. 

Arundel No. 35. — Second and 
fourth Tuesdays at Hesper Hall, 12,}4 
Swan Street. 

Buffalo No. 82. — Second and 
fourth Thursdays at hall, 1530 Main 
Street. 

Benjamin Fitch No. 16. — Second 
and fourth Tuesday evenings at 48 
West Eagle Street. 

Victory No. 145. — Second and 
fourth Mondays at 249 Genesee Street. 

Genesee No. 156. — First and third 
Saturdays, Sycamore Street corner 
Jefferson. 

Niagara No. 238. — Every first, third 
and fifth Mondays at hall, 145 High 
Street. 

Circle No. 244. — First and third 
Tuesdays, over 373 Vermont Street. 

Lake Erie No. 267. — Second and 
fourth Mondays at hall, over 246 Syca- 
more Street. 

East Buffalo" No. 281. — Second 
and fourth Saturdays at hall^ 668 Wil- 
liam Street. 



Wide Awake No. 301. — Second 
and fourth Wednesdays, High Street 
corner Jefferson. 

Red Jacket No. 344. — Second and 
fourth Tuesdays, over 712 Swan Street. 

Walhalla No. 350. — Second and 
fourth Saturdays at Yox's Hall, 114 
Howard Street corner Watson. 

Orphan Asylums. — The Buffa- 
lo Orphan Asylum. — 403 Virginia 
Street. 

The Catholic Protectory (In- 
corporated). — Situated in West Sene- 
ca near the city line. 

Evangelical Lutheran St. 
John's Orphan Home (Incorporated 
April 14, 1865). — Located at 280 Hick- 
ory Street for girls, and at Sulphur 
Springs for boys. 

Fitch Creche. — 159 Swan Street. 

German Roman Catholic Or- 
phan Asylum. — Best Street near Fox. 

St. Joseph's Boys' Orphan Asy- 
lum. — Limestone Hill. 

St. Vincent's Female Orphan 
Asylum. — 1313 Main Street. 

Orpheus, Buffalo. — This singing 
society was organized October 7, 1869. 
It has 85 active members (male chorus) 
and 915 passive members, making 
in all the limited number of 1,000. 
It maintains each year a series of 
entertainments, including three season 
concerts and the annual bal - masque. 
All meetings, rehearsals, annual and 
board meetings are held at the club 
rooms, corner Main and High Streets. 
The annual dues are $10.00, the initia- 
tion fee also $10.00. 

Palace Arcade. — Main Street, 
above Chippewa. It was erected in 
1892, and is built of buff" brick with 
white terra cotta trimmings, and is 
three stories high. The building con- 
tains ninety-four stores and offices. 
The lower floor has twenty-eight small 



99 



PAR 



shops, many of which are used as 
bazars. The upper floors have very 
convenient and well-lighted offices. 
Through the center of the building 
runs the large entrance or arcade, 
connecting Main and Washington 
Streets, through which pass daily a 
multitude of persons. 

Parade. — (See Parks.) 

. Parks. — The park system covers a 
total of 718^ acres. There are in all 
six parks in the city, Park Lake per- 
haps being the most popular place of 
resort. It is a beautiful park, cover- 
ing 362 acres, in the center of which 
is a charming little lake, where row- 
boats may be rented or passage taken 
on one of the launches, which carry 
about twelve persons. The park 
meadow takes up 133 acres and has an 
outside circuit drive of 9,800 feet. 
There is also ground set aside for pic- 
nic purposes. The park police main- 
tain perfect order and cleanliness at all 
times, and the result is that the park 
is constantly filled with visitors who 
appreciate pure air and the glories of 
nature in her bloom. The "Front," 
another handsome park, with the main 
approach on Porter Avenue, covers 
47 acres, and while not large, is suffi- 
ciently attractive to draw thousands of 
people on summer evenings. The 
parade is on a high bluff, fronting the 
river, and the prospect therefore is 
grand. There is a fine plaza, where 
cricket, football games and other pop- 
ular sports are played. To the north 
of the '"Front " is Fort Porter, a mili- 
tary post. Visitors are allowed to 
walk or drive the entire circuit of the 
grounds, but are not permitted to 
make "short cuts" through the pri- 
vate grounds of the officers, or to drive 
through the guard-house entrance. 
The Parade is another very popular 
place, located on Best Street, near 
Genesee, and covers fifty-six acres. 
There is a 2:ood restaurant, the 



Parade House, which is much fre- 
quented by people living on the 
East Side. The other parks are : 
South Park, located in the southern 
portion of the city, adjacent to Lime- 
stone Hill, and may be reached by the 
Hamburg Electric Railway, which 
connects with the Seneca and Elk 
Street cars. It has 155 acres. Caze- 
novia Park, located on Abbott Road 
and Cazenovia Street, has 76 acres 
and is reached by the Seneca Street 
cars. Cazenovia Creek passes directly 
through this park. Stony Point is a 
small park, 22^ acres, located on the 
lake front, directly west from South 
Park, with which it is connected by the 
Ridge Road boulevard. The Niagara 
Falls boulevard is also a part of the 
park system. The botanical planting 
in Park Lake and the "Front" are 
especially beautiful ; the drives are of 
stone and gravel rolled hard and 
smooth, and in most of the parks 
there are park houses, where light 
refreshments, such as ice cream and 
cake, or sandwiches, may be bought. 
In every respect Buffalo's park system 
is fine. From June 15 to September 
15th forty band concerts are given in 
the evenings by the members of the 
bands of the two Buffalo regiments of 
the National Guard of the State. 
About a third of these are given at 
the Park Boathouse, and the others at 
the " Front," the Parade and Bennett 
Place. The attendance throughout 
is remarkably good, the crowds at the 
Boathouse and at Bennett Place usu- 
ally being far too large for the available 
concourse spaces. Five hundred new 
benches were bought last season for 
the use of those who could find sit- 
ting room. Except at the Parade, 
temporary raised platforms are ar- 
ranged for the proper placing of the 
members of the band. 

Parkside. — A portion of land lying 
north of the Park, between Elmwood 



PAV— PEN 



I03 



Avenue and Main Street.. It may be 
readily reached by the street railway 
or Belt Line, and is one of the new 
residence districts. 

Pavements. — Buffalo is the best 
paved city in the world. It has over 
200 miles of asphalt, or more than 
Paris and London put together. 
Smooth pavements in Buffalo- are no 
longer an experiment. They have 
been tried here, and some are in a 
good state of preservation which have 
stood the wear of continuous traffic 
for many years. The fewer inter- 
stices there are in a street surface, the 
fewer angles there will be where dis- 
ease germs may lodge ; the smoother 
and more even the surface, the more 
readily it may be kept clean. In an- 
swer to many queries from without, it 
may be said that the Barber Asphalt 
Paving Company has laid altogether 
2,813,111 square yards, or an estimated 
85 per cent of all smooth pavements 
on Buffalo streets, the first laid by it 
being on Bryant Street and Linwood 
Avenue, in 1882. Paving work is done 
by majority petition of property own- 
ers, whose preference in regard to 
material desired is always specified. 

Pawnbrokers. — There are a large 
number in Buffalo, ten of which are 
well-known. The cost of licenses for 
pawnbrokers is I250 per year. All 
goods pawned are held four months, 
or the length of time may be greatly 
extended if parties pay interest on 
goods when the appointed time ex- 
pires. The police have the right at 
any time to look over the books of all 
pawnbrokers. The interest charged 
varies according to the value of articles 
pawned or amount drawn. The high- 
class brokers lend mone}', principally 
upon jewels and are more or less 
dealers in diamonds. Then there are 
the cheap concerns where clothes or 
anything of small value may be pawned, 
and even into these places occasionally, 



a jewel of some value finds its way. 
An entry of each article pawned must 
be kept and those brokers failing to 
observe the conditions under which a 
license is issued are liable to forfeit 
same and pay a heavy penalty. 

Pearl Street. — Begins at Erie 
Canal and Commercial Street, and 
runs north to 24 W. Tupper Street. 
On this street is located the Real 
Estate Exchange, Guaranty Building, 
Builders' Exchange and several other 
large structures. At the corner of 
Pearl and Mohawk Streets is the 
Star Theater, one of Buffalo's most 
popular play-houses, and in fact, the 
whole of Pearl Street, from the 
Terrace to Mohawk is a business local- 
ity, beyond this, there are numerous 
boarding houses and private residences. 

Pedagogy, School of. — This 
School was established by the Univers- 
ity of Buffalo in 1895. It furnishes 
facilities for advanced study of edu- 
cational problems, and its object is to 
train college and normal graduates 
and teachers of maturity, for positions 
as teachers in secondary schools, as 
training teachers, principals, and also 
superintendents of schools. Students 
are allowed to teach classes of children 
in any subject desired. Such in- 
struction is under the immediate 
supervision of the faculty and of com- 
petent teachers regularly employed in 
the School of Practice. The School 
has a well - organized and fully 
equipped Model School, at 146 Park 
Street. At present there are about 
100 students in the School. 

Penitentiary, Brie County. — 

Erie County Penitentiary is located at 
the corner of Fifth and Pennsylvania 
Streets. There are 882 prisoners in it 
and of this number 68 are females. 
In the old building there are 517 cells, 
of this number 80 are for women. In 
the new building, erected in 1895 there 



lOI 



PHA— PIG 



are 299 cells. The entire building is 
of brick, two stories high covering a 
large space. 

Pharmacy, Buffalo College 

of. — This college is located on 
High Street near Main Street, and 
occupies an entirely new structure 
erected at a cost of |i5o,ooo, exclusive 
of fixtures and apparatus. It was 
established in response to the grow- 
ing demand for systematic instruction 
in pharmacy and closely related 
branches of study. It was created 
under the name of the Buffalo College 
of Pharmacy. The college was 

opened September 20, 1886 The 
degrees of Graduate in Pharmacy and 
Master of Pharmacy are conferred in 
accordance with a vote of the Council 
of the University upon the joint 
recommendation of the Faculty and 
the Board of Curators. Such recom- 
mendation is made upon evidence that 
the student is twenty-one years of age 
and of good moral character ; has had 
four years' practical experience where 
physicians' prescriptions are dispensed, 
which may include time spent at 
college ; has attended the Senior 
course of instruction in the college, 
including both lectures and laboratory 
work ; and has passed the required 
examinations in Pharmacy, Chemistry, 
Toxicology, Materia Medica, Botany, 
Microscopy, and Pharmacognosy. 

Phoenix Club (Hebrew). — Organ- 
ized in 1890. and has about 75 mem- 
bers. Meetings of the directors are 
held on the first Sunday of each month 
The club is open daily. It is a social 
club with quarters at 352 Franklin St. 

Photography. — Numerous photo- 
graphic studios of high repute are 
found throughout the city. Those of 
first rank are : Simson's, at 456 Main 
Street ; McMichael's, 365 Franklin St.; 
R. P. Bellsmith, 500 Main ; Aldrich & 
Otto. 306 Main ; Baker's, 139 Main, 



and Hall's studio, at 469 Virginia 
Street, which is the finest in the city. 
In addition to the above named there 
are many more excellent photo- 
graphers on Main, Genesee, and some 
of the uptown streets. 

Piano and Music Stores. — 

While there is only one piano factory 
in the city, that of C. Kurtzman & 
Co., at 526-536 Niagara Street, still 
there are agencies established in Buf- 
falo for the sale of nearly every piano 
which is manufactured. Denton, 
Cottier & Daniels, at 269 Main Street; 
George F. Hedge, Son & Co., 577 
Main Street ; Edward Moeller, 24-26 
W. Chippewa Street, and Charles H. 
Utley, 82 Pearl Street, are the princi- 
pal piano dealers and in their ware- 
rooms are displayed many superb 
specimens. 

The well known music stores are : 
Denton, Cottier & Daniels, 269 Main 
Street, who are also large dealers in 
all sorts of musical instruments; Fred- 
erick Knoll, 45 Niagara Street ; Otto 
C. Schugens, 13 East Genesee Street, 
and Max Wahle, at 172 Broadway. 

Picnic Grounds.— Are quite num- 
erous in and about Buffalo. The most 
popular place, however, is Park Lake, 
where, during the summer season, 
hardly a day passes that many family 
parties may not be seen enjoying a 
quiet outing. The "Front" is also much 
used for picnics, also the Parade and 
Bennett Park. In addition to these 
grounds, which are desirable in every 
sense, and conveniently reached by 
one or more lines of cars, there are 
near by groves, notably old Fort Erie, 
just across the River. 

Pigeon and Target Shooting 

in this city has become one of the most 
popular and leading sports in this part 
of the State, it being mostly conducted 
by the Buffalo Audobon Club at Buffa- 
lo Audobon Park, North Main Street, 



POL 



I02 



although there are other clubs and 
grounds in different parts of the city 
where frequent sweepstakes and club 
shoots are held of both kinds. The 
leading shoots, such as State and In- 
ternational shoots, where purses and 
trophies are shot for, are governed by 
the Buffalo Audobon Club, at their 
own grounds when held in this city. 

Polacks — The Polack population 
of Buffalo is large and is made up prin- 
cipally of laborers. Many of them 
cannot speak the English language 
and are a people by themselves, form- 
ing a colony on the East Side, where 
there is a large market and number- 
less shops which they patronize for the 
various wares their needs require. 
Many of them own property and help 
support Polish charities. St. Adalbert's 
Polish church, corner Stanislaus Street 
and Rother Avenue has a large con- 
gregation. 

Police, Department of. — The 

Department of Police consists of a 
board of Police Commissioners, a 
police force and such clerks and em- 
ployees as are authorized by law. The 
Board of Police consists of the Mayor, 
ex-ofificio, who is president of the 
board, and two Commissioners of 
Police, but at no time shall there be 
two commissioners of police from the 
same political party. The police force 
consists of a superintendent of police, 
an assistant superintendent of police, 
two inspectors of police, a surgeon of 
police, a clerk of the board, captains 
of police, sergeants of police, detective 
sergeants of police, doormen of police, 
patrolmen, patrol wagon drivers, a 
superintendent of horses, and matrons. 
The city is divided into two inspection 
districts which are subdivided into 
thirteen precincts, the boundaries of 
which are fixed by the board. To 
each precinct are assigned one captain 
of police, three sergeants of police, 
three doormen of police, patrolmen in 



such number as the board may desig- 
nate, three patrol wagon drivers to the 
precincts to which patrol wagons are 
assigned, and one matron each to such 
precincts as the board may designate. 
The present numerical strength of the 
department consists of i mayor ex- 
officio commissioner, 2 commissioners 
of police, I superintendent of police, 

1 assistant superintendent of police, 

2 inspectors of police, i clerk of the 
board, i assistant clerk of the board, 
I stenographer, i clerk to the superin- 
tendent, I chief operator, i assistant 
chief operator, i surgeon of police, 13 
captains of police, 39 sergeants of 
police, 39 doormen of police, 9 opera- 
tors, 15 detective sergeants, 494 patrol- 
men, I superintendent of horses, 21 
patrol wagon drivers, 5 hostlers, 3 
matrons, 13 janitresses, i laborer, i 
watchman, 2 engineers, 2 drivers of 
prison vans, i interpreter, i superin- 
tendent of electrical department, 3 
linemen, i batteryman, 2 pilots patrol 
boat, 2 engineers patrol boat, 4 special 
patrolmen patrol boat, 3 justices to 
the police. 

Police Headquarters. — Is situ- 
ated on the triangle formed by the 
intersection of Franklin, Seneca, Erie 
Streets and the Terrace. The build- 
ing was erected in 1884, and contains 
the offices of the Superintendent of 
Police ; Excise and Police Com- 
missioners ; quarters of the city's 
detective force ; the first precinct 
station-house, and the offices of the 
City Poormaster. Besides the "rogues 
gallery" and "freezer", there is the 
Police Court, which is in session every 
day. 

Police Stations, I<o cation of.— 

First Precinct. — Corner Franklin 
and W. Seneca, Police Headquarters 
Building. 

Second Precinct. — Seneca, east 
of Louisiana Street. 



I03 



POL— POS 



Third Precinct. — Pearl Street 
near Chippewa. 

Fourth Precinct. — Sycamore 
Street corner Ash. 

Fifth Precinct. — Corner Emily 
and VV. Delavan Avenue. 

Sixth Precinct. — West side Main 
Street, south of Ferry Street, Cold 
Spring. 

Seventh Precinct, — Louisiana 
Street near Elk. 

Eighth Precinct. — 484 William 
Street. 

Ninth Precinct. — Seneca Street, 
corner of Babcock. 

Tenth Precinct. — Niagara Street 
near Jersey. 

Eleventh Precinct. — Broadway 
corner of Bailey Avenue. 

Twelfth Precinct. — Genesee 
Street near Parade House. 

Thirteenth Precinct. — Austin 
Street near Military Road. 



Polo 

Club.) 



Grounds. — ( See Country 



Poor, Department of. — The 

Poormaster has charge of all the city 
poor. Persons applying for aid are 
first subject to an investigation to 
ascertain if they are worthy and needy. 
For this department, four inspectors 
are appointed by the city, who receive 
the names of all persons seeking aid 
and investigate each case, which is 
then reported to the Superintendent 
of Police, who in turn reports back to 
the poormaster. The sum of |2.oo 
per week is allowed to persons with a 
family, and less to those having no 
family, also, during the winter months 
one-half ton of coal is allowed each 
family. Sick persons applying for 
assistance, are either sent to the 
district physician, if they desire to be 
treated at home, or are sent to one of 
the several city hospitals. The office 



of the poormaster is in l\ilice Head- 
quarters. The poormaster is a county 
officer elected by the people for a term 
of three years with a salary of |3,50o 
per year. 

Population. — 1789. The first 
white man took up his permanent res- 
idence in Erie County, establishing 
a trader's store about where the Man- 
sion House now stands. 

1810. First United States census 
taken. Population of Niagara County 
6,132. 

181 2. Population of Buffalo about 
1500. 

1820. Population of Niagara county 
23,313, of which 15,668 were in the 
present county of Erie. 

YEAR POPULATION YEAR POPULATION 
1825 2,412 i860 81,129 

1830 8,668 1870 117,714 

1835 15,661 1880 155.134 

1840 18,213 1885 202,803 

1845 29,773 1890 255,664 

■1850 42,261 1895 335,709 

Port Colborne. — A resort on the 
Canadian shore, about 20 miles distant 
from Buffalo. It is a great resort for 
Southerners and is called "Solid 
Comfort Grove. " In the village there 
is a grain elevator, a pier about one- 
half a mile long and a lighthouse. 
During the summer season many 
excursions are run to Port Colborne, 
both by rail and boat. 

Porter Avenue. ^Runs from Lake 
Erie to the Circle, is a mile long and 
TOO feet wide. The Niagara Hotel is 
on this avenue corner of Seventh 
Street ; Gray Nun's Academy, corner 
of Prospect Avenue, and Holy Angels' 
Church, corner of West Avenue. 
There are also many beautiful homes 
and as this avenue is an approach to 
the " Front " there is always much 
driving upon it, 

Post-Office.— The post-office build- 
ing is located at the corner of Seneca 
and Washington Streets. A magnifi- 



PRE 



104 



cent new post-office is in the course of 
erection to occupy an entire block 
bounded by Ellicott, Oak, Swan and 
South Division Streets. The receipts 
of the Buffalo post-office have nearly 
quadrupled in 15 years. In 18S0 they 
were 1214,375.00 ; in 1890 they were 
$446,713.10; in 1894 they were |6i2,- 
300.22 ; and for 1895 they aggregated 
|;659, 818,01 ; for the year ending 
March 31, 1896, 1691,277.92. 



HOURS OF BUSINESS. 

The post-office is open at all times 
for the reception of mail matter. 

Postmaster's Office. — Hours 
from 9 A. M. to 5 p. M. Closed on 
Sundays and holidays. 

Cashier's Office. — Hours from 
8.30 A. M. to 6 p. M. Closed on Sun- 
days and holidays. 

Money Order Division. — Open 
from 9 A. M. to 5 p. M. Closed on Sun- 
days and holidays. 

Registry Division. — Open from 8 
A. M. to 6 p. M. On Sundays and holi- 
days from 10 to 11.30 A. M., for the de- 
livery of registered matter only. 

Postage Stamps, Envelopes, Etc. 
— The stamp window will be open for 
the sale of stamps, weighing packages, 
etc., from 7 a. m. to 11 p. m.. On 
Sundays and holidays from 10 to 11.30 
A. m. 

On Sundays and holidays the office 
is open for the delivery of mail matter 
from 10 to 11.30 A. M. On holiday? all 
carriers make one delivivry (covering 
the entire city) commencing at 7.30 
A. M. Special delivery from 7 a. m. to 
IIP. M. On Sundays from 9 to 11 30 
A. M., and again at 9 p. m. Holidays 
from 7 A. M. to II p. M. 

STATIONS. 

All the stations are open from 7 a. m. 
to 7.30 p. M. On Sundays and holi- 
days from II A. M. to 12 NOON. Mon- 
ey Order and Registry Departments 



are open from 8 a. m. to 6 p. m. 
Closed on Sundays and holidays. 

Postal Station A. — 799 William 

Street. 

Postal Station B. — 69 and 71 
West Forest Avenue. 

Postal Station C. — 1419 Main St. 

Postal Station D. — 755 Seneca 
Street. 

Presbyterian Churches. — Beth- 
any. — Fifteenth Street near Vermont. 

Bethlehem. — Hoyt Street corner 
Bird Avenue. 

Bethseda. — Stanton Street. 

Breckenridge Street (now called 
West Avenue). — West Avenue cor- 
ner Ferry Street. 

Calvary. — East side of Delaware 
Avenue, between Tupper and Chippe- 
wa Streets. 

Central.— Genesee Street, corner 
Pearl. 

Church of the Covenant.— East 
Ferry Street corner Michigan. 

East. — 505 to 511 South Division 
Street. 

First. — Pennsylvania Street corner 
Wadsworth. 

New Lafayette.— Bouck Avenue 
corner Elmwood. 

Lebanon Chapel. — 757 Sycamore 
Street. 

North. — Main Street, between Hu- 
ron and Chippewa. 

Olivet Chapel. — (Auxiliary to 
North Church) Seventh Street corner 
Pennsylvania. 

Park. — Main Street corner Leroy 
Avenue. 

First United. — Richmond Avenue 
corner Summer Street. 

Second United. — Swan Street cor- 
ner Chicasfo, 



COPPER- PLATE AND DIE ... 



• • 



ENGRAVING 



Arms, Crests, Monograms, 
Addresses, Invitations 
and Visiting Cards. 



-••- 



Sketches from original designs furnished* 
The latest social forms and styles* 
We do but one grade of work — the best* 
Samples and estimates given* 

OUR IMPRINT IS A GUARANTEE 



** ** 



Correspondence solicited 

THE PETER PAUL BOOK CO, 

420 MAIN STREET, BUFFALO* 



105 



PRE— PUB 



South Buffalo. — Seneca Street 
near Sage Avenue. 

VVest:minster. — Delaware Avenue 
near North Street. 

Press Club, Buffalo. -This is a 

social club for the advancement and 
pleasure of newspaper men. Its mem- 
bers, which number 220, are mostly 
gentlemen engaged in journalism or 
literary pursuits, but of course all 
members are not subject to these qual- 
ifications. The club is at 208 Main 
Street. 

Principals' Association of Buf- 
falo. — Was organized in 1893 and is 
composed of male principals from the 
public schools. The object of the asso- 
ciation is to discuss and carefully con- 
sider all questions pertaining to school 
affairs, whereby the best results may 
be reached. Meetings are held on the 
fourth Tuesday of every month, from 
October to May inclusive, in the assem- 
bly room of the Superintendent of 
Education in the Municipal building. 

Produce i^xchange. — This Ex- 
change, formed by the produce dealers 
and commission merchants of the city 
of Buffalo, was organized in 1887, with 
the object of securing more intimate 
relations among themselves, to regu- 
late business transactions, to collect in 
a systematic manner, reliable informa- 
tion and statistics relating to the pro- 
duce trade, to aid in enforcing just and 
equitable rules and regulations in the 
conduct of business, and, in general, to 
secure the advantages which experi- 
ence has demonstrated results from 
organization. 

Public Instruction. — The De- 
partment of Public Instruction of the 
City of Buffalo is organized upon a 
plan different from that of any other 
city in the Union. The head of the 
Department is the Superintendent of 
Education, who is elected by popular 



vote for a term of four years. The 
Superintendent is clothed with great 
power ; he selects all the new teachers 
to be employed in the different schools 
from among the names from time to 
time certified to him by the Board of 
School Examiners. He recommends 
courses of study and the text-books to 
be used, and with rare exceptions his 
recommendations are adopted ; the 
teachers are subject to his orders and 
directions in all things pe aining to 
the management of the schools. The 
Board of School Examiners was 
created in 1892, and consists of five 
citizens appointed by the mayor for a 
term of five years. This Board has no 
administrative duties to perform, but 
was created for two explicit purposes : 
I, to pass upon the qualifications of all 
candidates for teachers' positions and 
to prepare a certified list from which 
the Superintendent is to make his 
appointments of teachers, and 2, to 
inspect the schools at least once every 
term, and annually to make a report 
of their condition. Hence it will be 
seen that there is no Board of Educa- 
tion in the usual sense. The functions 
generally exercised by a Board of 
Education belong partly to the Super- 
intendent of Education and partly to 
the Common Council ; though the 
tendency of late years has been for 
the Common Council to exercise its 
prerogatives less than formerly, the 
Superintendent being to all intents and 
purposes the controlling power in the 
Department of Education. The or- 
ganization of the supervisory work of 
the Department is similar to that of 
most large cities. There is an assist- 
ant Superintendent who also super- 
vises the teaching of German in the 
.schools. Three years ago the office of 
supervisor of primary teaching was 
created. This officer oversees the 
teaching in the primary grades. She 
meets the teachers in grade meetings 
once a month and spends her remain- 



PUB 



io6 



ing lime in the school-rooms, suggest- 
ing improvements, offering kindly crit- 
icisms, and, when necessary, giving 
model lessons. Beginning with the 
next school year there will also be 
employed a supervisor of gram- 
mar grade instruction, who will per- 
form a similar function in the higher 
grades. There are also three super- 
visors of music, three of writing, three 
of drawing and one of physical cul- 
ture. The free book system has been 
in operation since 1893. The city has 
also voted to maintain a truant school 
which will be opened next year. A 
city training class for teachers will also 
be started in September next. A 
manual training school for the upper 
grades of the grammar schools was 
opened in September, 1895, and an- 
other will be opened in September, 
1896. If these continue to be success- 
ful their work will be extended. The 
teaching of sewing was begun in the 
fifth grade of about thirty schools in 
February, 1896, and it is the intention 
to extend this work to the fifth and 
sixth grades of all schools during the 
coming year. There are at present 
fifty-six school districts in the city, and 
steps have been taken to erect large 
buildings in three sections of the city, 
which will result in creating three new 
school districts. The number of 
teachers employed at present is a little 
over 1,000, and the total registration 
during the school year 1895-96 was 
over 50,000. The amount expended 
for teachers' salaries was 1622,312. 
During the last two years, nine large 
school buildings, averaging sixteen 
rooms each, have been erected. A 
second High School building is in 
process of construction on Masten 
Park and two other large school build- 
ings will be completed during the 
present year. In addition to the 
above, three buildings have been 
ordered and will be begun during the 
summer. 



Public Schools, l/ocatioti of.— 

NAME LOCATION 

High. .Franklin, Court and Genesee, 
No. I. .Seventh, near Hudson 
" 2. .Terrace, near Genesee. 
" 3. .Perry, near Illinois. 
" 4. .Elk, near Louisiana, 
" 5. -.Seneca, near Hydraulic. 
" 6. .South Division, near Chestnut. 
" 7. .Bailey Avenue, near Clinton. 
" 8. .Utica, corner Masten. 
" 9. .Bailey Avenue, near Doat. 
" 10. .Delaware Avenue, near Mohawk. 
"11. .Elm, near Eagle. 
" 12. .Spruce, near Broadway. 

.Oak, near Genesee. 

.Franklin, near Edward. 

.Oak, corner Burton. 

.Delaware Avenue, near Bryant. 

.Main, near Bouck Avenue. 

.School, corner Fargo Avenue. 

.West, corner Delavan Avenue. 

.Amherst, corner East. 

.Hertel, near Delaware Avenue. 

• Main, near Amherst. 
.Delavan, near Schuele Avenue. 
.Fillmore Avenue near Genesee. 
.Fillmore Avenue corner Best. 
.Lewis, near Howard. 
.Milton, corner Westcott. 
.Cazenovia, near Seneca. 
-Abbott Road, corner Triangle. 
.South Park Avenue, near Marilla. 
.Louisiana, corner South. 
.Emslie, near Peckham. 
.Cedar, near William. 
.Cedar, near Clinton. 
.Elk, near Euclid Place. 
.Hamburgh, corner Sandusky. 
.Swan, near Spring. 
.Cottage, corner Day's Park. 
.Peach, corner Carlton. 
.Vermont, corner Lowell Place. 
.High, near Grey. 
.Oneida, near Fillmore Avenue. 
.Broadway, corner Spring. 
.Military Road, near Clay. 
.Lovejoy, near Benzinger. 
.Broadway, corner Person. 
.Auburn Avenue, corner Baynes. 
.Edward, corner Virginia. 
.Hickory, near Sycamore. 

• East Summer, near Masten. 
.Vermont, corner Fargo Avenue. 
.Eagle, near Grosvenor. 
.Guernsey', near Hertel Avenue. 
.Barry Place, near Bird Avenue. 
.Winslow and Wohlers Avenues. 
.Main, near Jewett Avenue. 
.Guilford, near Sycamore. 
.Elmwood Avenue, near Ferry, 



I3. 
" 14- 
"15- 
" 16. 

" I?. 
" iS. 
" 19- 
" 20. 
" 21. 
" 22. 
" 23. 
" 24. 
"24. 
" 25. 
" 26. 
" 27. 
"28. 
'•' 29. 
" 30. 
" 31- 
" 32. 
" 32. 
" 33- 
" 34- 
" 35- 
"36. 
" 37- 
"3B. 
"39- 
" 40. 

"41- 
" 42. 

"43- 
"44. 

" 45- 
"46. 
" 47- 
"48. 
"49. 
" 50. 
"51- 
"52- 
"53- 
" 54. 
" 55- 
"56. 



Public Works, Department of. 

— The Board is composed of three 
commissioners with terms of three 




i^i 



2 ~. uv>%^ 












rr :->ii^^ 



i B 1 « • rr 



ii^iiiNij^^^ nil If re 






4) 







^-g^U H STATE 



REAL ESTATE EXCHANGE 




I07 



QUA— REA 



years each. One is elected by the city 
at large, two are appointed by the 
mayor, but said appointees cannot 
both be from the same political party. 
The department is subdivided into 
four bureaus, the officers and employ- 
ees of which are appointed by the 
Board of Public Works. The bureaus 
are as follows : 

Bureau of Engineering. — Hav- 
ing charge of the construction and re- 
pair of sewers, pavements, bridges, 
and sidewalks, locating and grading 
streets. The chief officer of this bu- 
reau is the Chief Engineer. 

Water Bureau. — Having charge 
of the construction and maintenance 
of all work pertaining to the Water 
Works. The chief officer of this bu- 
reau is the Water Superintendent. 

Bureau of Streets. — Having 
charge of the cleaning of streets, re- 
moval of garbage, keeping streets free 
from encroachment, cleaning sewers, 
inspection of gas and electric lights, 
and conduits of all kinds. The chief 
officer of this bureau is the Street 
Superintendent. 

Bureau of Building. — Having 
charge of the construction and repair 
of all buildings in the city. The chief 
officer of this bureau is the Superinten- 
dent of Public Buildings, with three 
inspectors, who shall be practical 
building mechanics of not less than 
five years' experience. 

The Board of Public Works may 
recommend any work to the Common 
Council with or without plans and 
specifications, and the Common Coun- 
cil may order the work done or may 
order plans and specifications furnished 
with or without estimates or bids from 
parties to do the same. The Common 
Council may order any work with or 
without recommendation of the Board 
of Public Works, but when so ordered 
a contract shall be made by the Board 
of Public Works except when the lat- 



ter is authorized to do the work itself. 
The Board may, on the order of the 
Common Council, enter into contract 
for not exceeding five years, for clean- 
ing the streets. No extension of the 
water works to be made except on 
recommendation of the Board. 

Quarantine.— The quarantine 
hospital is situated on East Ferry 
Street, near the Belt Line. It is a one 
story structure, built of brick, in the 
form of a T. Any person infected, 
or believed to be infected with a con- 
tagious disease entering the city, is at 
once placed in quarantine until all 
danger to public health be passed. 
The hospital is under the control of 
the Board of Health. 

Real instate ;Exchange,— situ- 
ated on the west side of Pearl Street, 
at the southwest corner of Express 
Street, and between Eagle and Court 
Streets, is a fire-proof office building, 
erected and owned by the Buffalo 
Real Estate Exchange. The building 
was completed in April, 1896, and is of 
brick and terra cotta. The main en- 
trance is imposing, being flanked by 
twelve white marble columns, sup- 
porting a richly decorated arch. This 
entrance is 32 feet high by 16 feet in 
width. The vestibule walls are mar- 
ble, the flooring of marble mosaic, and 
the ceiling of ornamental stucco-work. 
A telegraph and cigar stand of cast 
bronze, with plate glass and marble 
counters, are features of the main 
entrance hall. Broad steps on either 
side of the main entrance lead to The 
Exchange, an elegant and spacious 
room with beautiful arched ceiling, 
rising to the height of 35 feet, and 
supported by four massive marble col- 
unms at either end, while rich marble 
wainscoting, pillars and cornices add 
to the decorative effect of one of the 
finest Exchange Halls in the country. 
Here dealers in real estate meet daily 



RAI— RES 



io8 



at the Change hour, and the Judicial 
sales of the city and county are held. 
Adjoining on the right, are the general 
offices of the Exchange Secretorial 
Department, Bureau of Information 
and Renting Bureau. A bicycle room 
in the basement provides every con- 
venience for the comfort of wheelmen. 
The interior finish of the building is 
Mexican mahogany and white quar- 
tered oak. Corridors and public parts 
are laid with mosaic and paneled with 
marble, and the office floors are pol- 
ished hard wood. There are 200 
finely lighted and equipped offices in 
the building, having all the latest im- 
provements, and occupied by archi- 
tects, attorneys, real estate men and 
others. The fan system of heating 
and ventilating is in use, fresh air fil- 
tered and washed by sprays of water 
being forced over heated coils to all 
parts of the building, and the foul air 
withdrawn. In addition to this ex- 
cellent heating system, each office is 
equipped with a temperature regulator 
or thermostat, whereby the occupant 
by the simple movement of a thumb 
screw regulates the temperature of air 
in his own office at will. A bank of 
four rapid passenger elevators, con- 
veniently and accessably located so 
as to be seen distinctly from all parts 
of the main corridor furnishes com- 
munication with each floor. 

Railroads. — The first incorpora- 
tion of a company to build a railroad 
in Erie County, took place on the 14th 
day of April, 1832, when the Legisla- 
ture incorporated two companies, the 
Buffalo and Erie, to run to the state 
line ; and the Aurora and Buffalo 
Railroad ; neither of which were con- 
structed for several years. The first 
railroad actually built in the county 
was the Buffalo and Black Rock Rail- 
road, about three miles long. Horses 
only, were used. This road was in 
operation in 1834. The first road op- 



erated by steam power was the Buffalo 
and Niagara Falls, which was in active 
operation in 1836. Buffalo is now the 
terminus of 26 railroads, many of them 
among the most important in the 
world. 250 passenger trains enter and 
leave the city daily. There are over 600 
miles of trackage in the city limits. 

Red Jacket Monument — (See 
Forest Lawn. 

Red Men, Improved Order of 

— This Order was organized January 
9, 1884, and is a beneficial society but 
does not pay any insurance in case of 
death. In case of sickness, the 
society pays the family of its member 
1:5.00 per week and in case of death 
pays from I50.00 to |ioo.oo for funeral 
expenses. The membership at present 
is about 2500. 

Republican I/cague. — With 
headquarters at 77 W. Eagle Street, 
opposite the City Hall, was organized 
in 1884 and has a membership of 820. 
The dues are |8.oo per year, paid 
quarterly, with an initiation fee of 
$3.00. Club-house open daily. 

Restaurants. — While there are 
a large number of small restaurants in 
the city, those of first importance can 
easily be named. The Delmonico at 
246 Main Street, conducted on the 
European plan, is very popular with 
both ladies and gentlemen. This 
restaurant accommodates 120 persons 
for dinner. It also furnishes waiters 
for banquets or private parties. 
Another popular restaurant, especially 
with men, is the Almendinger Cafe, in 
the D. S. Morgan Building, corner of 
Pearl and Niagara Streets. The 
White Elephant, 356 Main Street, 
serves excellent meals and has always 
had a large patronage. INIaggs' at 12 
Mohawk Street is a quiet restaurant 
desirable for ladies as well as gentle- 
men. There is also a well established 
restaurant in Music Hall. In addition 




ST. LOUIS CHURCH 



109 



RIC— ROM 



to these named there are numerous 
small lunch rooms where women may 
go for light refreshments when shop- 
ping ; of the latter class the Park 
Lunch - Parlor, on Lafayette Square ; 
and Blesch's, a French restaurant, 
in the Palace Arcade may be recom- 
mended. 

Richmond Avenue. — A beautiful 
street, beginning at the Circle and ex- 
tending north to 475 West Forest Av- 
enue. It is 99 feet wide, paved with 
asphalt and is one of the principal res- 
ident localities. It is a favorite route- 
in driving out to the park, and in winter 
is used as a speedway, where hundreds 
of fine horses are excercised by their 
owners or grooms. 

Riding. —The Buffalo Riding Acad- 
emy is one of the best known and 
most popular schools for horseman- 
ship in the city. It is situated at 240 
West Utica Street and has a riding 
course 200 feet long by 100 feet wide. 
The Academy is open day and night, 
with evening classes and exercise rid- 
ing. A good knowledge of riding 
may be obtained in from 10 to 20 les- 
sons. Single lessons cost |r.oo ; by the 
term, $10.00 for 12 lessons. Lessons 
on the road are given by special ap- 
pointment and cost about double the 
sum of those given inside. Good rid- 
ing horses may always be hired for an 
afternoon's canter in the park for $1 
for the first hour and 50 cents every 
consecutive hour. The other riding 
schools in the city are practically the 
same, except that they are smaller. 

Rogues' Gallery, — is in Police 
Headquarters, Franklin & Terrace. 
The gallery consists of pictures and 
records of notorious and desperate 
criminals. When the police secure 
such ofifenders, their photograph is 
taken, also height, weight and any 
rnark which may appear upon their 
person, together with the different 



names by which they have been known. 
The Buffalo gallery contains about 
2.500 records of such persons. All 
pictures are numbered, the correspond- 
ing number in the book contains the 
record of the prisoner. Visitors are 
not admitted. 

Roman Catholic Churches. — 

St. Joseph's Cathedral. — Swan 
Street, corner Franklin, 

Church of the Annunciation. — 
Corner Bouck Avenue and Grant 
Street. 

Church of the Assumption. — 
347 Amherst Street. 

Church of the Sacred Heart 
(German). — 690 Seneca Street. 

Church of the Seven. Dolors 
(German). — Genesee Street, corner 
Rich. 

Church of the Transfigura- 
tion. 

Holy Angels'. — Porter Avenue, 
near Fargo. 

Holy Name of Jesus.— 1505 Bailey 
Avenue, near Walden. 

Immaculate Conception. — 146 
and 148 Edward Street. 

St. Adalbert's (Polish).— corner 
Stanislaus Street and Rother Avenue. 

St. Agnes (English and German). 
— Benzinger Street. 

St. Ann's (German). — Broadway, 
corner Emslie Street. 

St. Anthony of Padua (Italian). 
—Court Street, corner Morgan. 

St. Boniface (German). — Mul- 
berry Street, near Carlton. 

St. Bridget's.— Corner Louisiana 
and Fulton Streets. 

St. Casmir's (Polish). — Corner 
Clinton and Beer Streets. 

St. Columbkill.— 429 Eagle Street. 

St. Francis Xavier (German).— 
157 East Street. 



ROO— ROW 



no 



St. John the Baptist. — Hertel 
Avenue, corner East Street. 

St John Kanty (Polish). — Corner 
Broadway and Swinborn. 

St. Joseph's (German). — Buffalo 
Plains, near Almshouse. 

St. Louis (French and German) — 
Main Street, corner Edward. 

St. Mary's (German).— Broadway, 
corner Pine Street. 

St. Michael's (German). — 651 
Washington Street. 

St. Nicholas.— East Utica, corner 
Welker Street. 

St. Patrick's, — Seymour, near 
Emslie Street. 

St. Peter's (French). — Corner 
Washington and Clinton Streets. 

St. Stanislaus (Polish). — Corner 
Peckham and Townsend Streets. 

St. Stephen's. — Elk Street, near 
Smith. 

St. Vincent (German). — Main 
Street, near Humboldt Parkway. 

chapels. 

Chapel of the Blessed Sacra- 
ment. — 1025 Delaware Avenue. 

Chapel of the Deaf Mute Asy- 
lum. — 126 Edward Street. 

Chapel of the German Orphan 
Asylum. —Best Street, near Fox. 

Chapel of the Convent of the 
Good Shepherd.— 485 Best Street. 

Chapel of our Lady of Mercy. 
— On the Island. 

Chapel of Mount St. Joseph 
Convent.— Main Street and Hum- 
boldt Parkway. 

Chapel of the Providence Asy- 
lum for the Insane.— Main Street, 
near Humboldt Parkway. 

Chapel of St. Francis Asylum. 
— 337 Pine Street. 



Chapel of St Mary's Foundling 
and Lying-in-Hospital. — 126 Ed- 
ward Street. 

Chapel of St. Vincent Asylum. 
— 1 3 13 Main Street. 

Chapel of Working Boy's Home. 
— 35 Niagara Square. 

Roof Garden. — Situated on Main, 
corner of High Street. This garden 
is 120 feet long and 90 feet wide, one- 
half being closed in by sides of glass. 
The entire building is lighted by 
electricity. Flowers are arranged ar- 
tistically on the roof, and at night 
these are lighted by numerous small 
electric lights, and other fanciful forms 
are set with many-hued lights which 
give a fairyland effect to the scene. 
Here, in warm summer nights, one may 
sit and listen to the music, fanned by 
gentle breezes, upon which is wafted 
the odor of cigars. The ground floor 
of the building contains six bowling 
alleys, fine billiard room, restaurant, 
etc., while the Orpheus Society occupy 
a large portion of the other floors. A 
large hydraulic elevator runs to the 
roof. The cost of admission to the 
garden is fifteen cents. Thus the pub- 
lic is provided with a cheap, delightful 
resort during the summer season. 

Rowing' Clubs. — There are several 
such clubs in the city. West End, Jr., 
re-organized on April 15, 1895. The 
original West End Rowing Club was 
organized in 1884. The present or- 
ganization has an active membership 
of 68 and forty honorary members. 
The initiation fee is $2.00 and dues 
fifty cents per month, for five months, 
as no dues are payable during the 
winter. The Club owns six single 
boats, one double, five foui'-oar boats, 
one clinker and one eight-oar boat. 
Regattas are held during the season, 
some public, and others for the mem- 
bers only. The club-house is located 
at the foot of Ferry Street. 



Ill 



SAE— SAT 



Saengerbund Society.— Was or- 
ganized in 1853. The parlors of the 
Society are on the second floor of 
Music Hall, and are open ever)' even- 
ino' during the week, Sundays in- 
cluded. The regular meetings are 
held on the second Friday of each 
month. The Society has a member- 
ship of 350. The dues are 14.00 per 
year, with an initiation fee of $3.00. 
Three important concerts are given by 
the Society each year and a few small 
concerts during the season. 

Safe Deposit Companies, — are 

intended for securing perfect safety of 
valuables under guarantee. All com- 
panies have a perlect system of fire 
and burglar-proof vaults and keep 
special watchmen. Vaults may be 
rented by the year lor from $5 to $240 
according to size. Leasee has free 
access to his vaults during banking 
hours. Deposit vaults may be found 
at the Buffalo Loan, Trust and Safe 
Deposit Company, 449 Main Street, 
and the Marine Bank, 220 Main Street. 

St. Andrew's Scottish Society. 

— This Society has 160 members and 
holds regular meetings on the second 
and fourth Mondays of every month 
at 551 Main Street. The Society has a 
uniformed branch called the Buffalo 
Gordon Highlanders, which meets on 
the first and third Mondays of each 
month. The dues are |2.oo per year, 
with an initiation fee of $1.00. 

St. Mary's Academy. — (see con- 
vents.) 

St. Joseph's Cathedral.— At the 

corner of Swan and Franklin Streets, 
is a magnificent piece of Gothic archi- 
tecture. It is built of stone, having 
two large towers, one unfinished (the 
north one). The corner-stone was 
laid in the fall of 1852, and in June, 
1855, the Cathedral was ready for ded- 
ication. It has a carrillon of fortv- 



three bells, which were brought from 
Munich and exhibited in Paris, where 
they took the prize. The chime is the 
largest in America and the third larg- 
est in the world. The organ is a H 
and G, Hook & Hastings, exhibited 
at the Centennial Fair in Philadelphia, 
1876. 

Salvation Army. — An active 
religious organization with headquart- 
ers on the third floor of the Stafford 
Building, Pearl corner of Church 
Street. The Buffalo Salvation Army 
was organized in 1886. At present the 
army contains 200 uniformed soldiers, 
and have six barracks. The Shelter, 
at III Commercial Street is under the 
management of the army, which does 
a work in the slums reached by no 
other charity. Every evening the 
army march through certain portions 
of the city and hold meetings on the 
street corners, which attracts large 
crowds. 

Saturn Club.— The Saturn Club 
was organized October 21, 1885, at a 
meeting called for the purpose, the 
intention being to start an informal 
whist club composed mainly of college 
men. Thirteen invitations were sent, 
and twelve men were present on the 
evening designated. At this meeting 
the name — the Saturn Club — was 
adopted, and the constitution and by- 
laws put in force, their cardinal princ- 
iples being " no treating, no gambling, 
and prompt payment of low dues." 
The limit of membership has been 
from time to time i n c re a s e d , and 
stands at present at 250, The total 
resident membership of the Club at 
this date is 239. The first meeting of 
the Club was held Saturday evening, 
October 31, 1885. On April 10, 1886, 
the Club moved to rooms built for 
them on the west side of the 
"Holland", 640 Main Street, and 
one year later, to house 331 Delaware 
Avenue. This was rented and the 



SAV— SEN 112 

Club remained there until May i. 1889, 
when it moved to the house No. 393 
Delaware Avenue, and remained there 
until December 13, 1893, when the 
Club House which it now occupies on 
the corner of Delaware and Edward 
Streets was completed. The cost of the 
house and lot now owned and occupied 
by the Club, exclusive of furnishing, 
was $30,000. The object of the Club 
is to provide for its members facilities 
for the attainment of such amusement 
as may be innocent and such profit as 
may not be financial. The initiation 
fee is I50.00 and the annual dues 
I32.00. By a provision of the consti- 
tution there can be no assessments. 

Savings, Aid and I/oan Asso- 
ciations. — The principal object of 
these associations is to afford to per- 
sons of moderate means, who may 
become members, a safe and thrifty 
method for profitable investment and 
gradual accumulation of small savings. 
Shares may be taken out, withdrawn, 
or loans made, increased, reduced, or 
paid up at any time. A standing rate 
of premium, graduated according to 
the length of time shares have been 
held, insuring equality and fair dealing 
is a matter of great importance. Div- 
idends declared quarterly upon an 
earned cash basis, credited on pass- 
books and paid in full on withdrawal. 
The following Savings and Loan Asso- 
ciations are the leading ones of the 
city: Erie, 39 Erie Street, corner of 
Pearl, organized 1884 ; Buffalo. 632-34 
Ellicott Square, organized 1893; Irish- 
American, 13 West Swan Street, in- 
corporated 1884; Homestead, 19 West 
Mohawk Street, organized 1884; Free- 
hold, 810 Main Street, organized 1891. 

Scribblers, The. — A literary club 
organized in 1893, composed of auth- 
ors, newspaper women and others en- 
gaged in literary pursuits. There are 
fifty active, and many honorary mem- 
bers. The initiation fee is $s, the 



annual dues $2. All members are 
elected by ballot. The Scribblers 
have undertaken the great work of 
forming a Western New York Feder- 
ation of Women's Literary and Edu- 
cational Clubs — a task which was in a 
measure thrust upon them by the many 
vicinity clubs who felt the need of a 
closer companionship in this end of 
the State. The Club, having no regu- 
lar home of its own, meets the last 
Monday in each month, in the parlors 
of the Hotel Iroquois. 

Secret and Mutual Benefit So- 
cieties. — The purposes of these vari- 
ous societies are to foster and create 
fraternity among their members and to 
alleviate the conditions of such mem- 
bers as suffer misfortune. Many of 
the societies have endowment or ben- 
eficiary funds. 

Knights of Pythias. — Have over 
twenty lodges in the city. 

Knights of St. John and Malta. 
— Three lodges. 

Select Knights of America. — 
Eight lodges. 

Guard of Honor. — Open daily 
from 3 p. M. to 9.30 p. M. 

Knights of Honor — Four lodges. 

Knights of the Golden Eagle. 
— One lodge and meets every Monday 
evening. 

Knights of the Maccabees. — 
Twenty-one lodges. 

Ladies of the Maccabees. — 
Eleven lodges. 

Royal Arcanum. -Thirteen lodges. 
For time and places of meeting see 
City Directory. 

Many such organizations are men- 
tioned under their own head. 

Seminaries, Colleg-es and Acad- 
emies. (See Convents). — Buffalo 
Seminary. — Delaware Avenue corner 
Johnson Park. 



"3 



SEN-SHE 



Canisius College. — 651 Washing- 
ton Street. 

College Preparatory Boarding 
AND Day School for Boys. — 129 
College Street, 

Christ's Church School, — Fox 
Street near Broadway. 

Elmwood School. — 213 Bryant 
Street. 

Evangelical Lutheran St. 
John's Church School. — 283 Hick- 
ory Street. 

First German Evangelical 
Lutheran Trinity School. — 623 
Michigan Street. 

German Evangelical St. An- 
dreas School. — 73 Sherman Street. 

German Lutheran Trinity 
School. — Goodell St. corner Maple. 

Heathcote School, The. — 623 
Delaware Avenue. 

Holy Angels Academy. — Porter 
Avenue corner Prospect. 

Holy Angels College. — Porter 
Avenue corner West. 

Martin Luther College. — 154 
Maple Street. 

St. Joseph's Academy. — Main 
Street and Humboldt Parkway. 

St. Margaret's School. — 564 
Franklin Street. 

St. Mary's Academy and Indus- 
trial School. — 74 Franklin Street. 

St. Peter's Evangelical School. 
— Genesee Street corner Hickory. 

The Nichols School, 33 Nor- 
wood Avenue. 

Seneca Street. — Beginning at 223 
Main Street and extending east to the 
city line. Next in importance to Main 
Street as a business street. This street 
leads to West Seneca, Aurora, Lime- 
stone Hill, etc. 

Servants. — Housemaids, nursery- 
maids, cooks and girls for general 



housework may be obtained from any 
of the intelligence offices in the city, 
or by applying to the Charity Organ- 
ization. The average wage for a ser- 
vant doing general housework is from 
$2.50 to I4.00 per week ; cooks, I3 to 
$6. Coachmen who board themselves, 
I50 to $75 per month, when boarded, 
I40 to |6o. This applies to trained 
servants, or those having experience. 
Others may be found who make ex- 
cellent servants, for a lower wage, but 
they are chiefly Polack or German 
girls, requiring some patience to teach. 

Sewing Schools. — Sewing schools 
are maintained by the several benevo- 
lent and charitable institutions through- 
out the city. Classes meet once a 
week, when dress-making and all 
kinds of plain sewing are taught. The 
graded system, same as that used in 
the public schools, is followed. When 
a person enters a school she is taught 
the different simple rudiments of sew- 
ing, and advances step by step. Great 
interest is taken in women with fami- 
lies who desire to learn to sew, and 
material is furnished to make garments 
for such needy poor as are willing to 
make them. The schools are sup- 
ported by the churches and charitable 
people. The ladies teaching are all 
competent sewers and give their serv- 
ices gratis. 

Sheenwater. — A summer resort 
on the west side of Grand Island and 
near its northerly end. 

Sheriff's Office.— The sheriff of 
the county is elected by the people, 
and his term of office is three years. 
He cannot succeed himself. He is 
the officer of every Court of Record in 
his county and it is his duty to attend 
in person the sitting of every such 
court. He must also execute all pro- 
cess eminatingfrom a Court of Record. 
He also has charge of the Erie County 
jail. He receives from the county an 



SIL— SKA 



114 



annual salary of |5,ooo, which is in 
lieu of all services rendered the coun- 
ty. He is also entitled to statutory 
fees, for all services rendered, where 
such services are paid for by litigants. 
The sheriff's office is room 8, City 
Hall. 

Silver I/ake. — About 25 miles 
from Buffalo on the W. N. Y. & P. 
Railway. Much of the ice consumed 
in Buffalo is cut from this lake, and 
there are several very large ice houses 
for storage of same. Has also picnic 
grounds where many of the Sunday 
School outings are held. Silver Lake 
Assembly Grounds attract thousands 
of visitors annually. 

Sisters of Charity Hospital, — at 

1823 Main Street is the oldest hospital 
in Buffalo, having been established in 
1848. It was then situated on Main 
Street, near Virginia. In time this 
building became too small to accom- 
modate those seeking admission, and 
in 1876 the Sisters moved into their 
present building, which is a large, 
substantial, four-story brick structure, 
with basement, situated upon high 
ground surrounded by beautiful, broad 
lawns. It is a modern building with 
all the conveniences necessary for the 
comfort of its numerous patients, and 
has its own electric light plant. The 
completion of an elegant new wing 
will have made the buildings and 
ground cost about $250,000, and gives 
to the hospital 344 beds. During the 
cholera epidemic of 1849 there were 
admitted into this hospital previous to 
September ist, 136 such patients, 52 
of whom died, and the reports for that 
year showed that 1,513 patients were 
admitted. This hospital has one of 
the best arranged and most complete 
surgical operating rooms in the world. 
This is one of the first hospitals in the 
United States, under the management 
of the Sisters of Charity to establish 
the custom of resident physicians and 



the first one under the Sisters' man- 
agement to establish a training school 
for nurses. The Emergency Hospital, 
at the corner of South Division and 
Michigan Streets, is a branch of this 
institution, intended for the reception 
of accident cases that occur in the 
city. 

Sisters of the Good Shepherd, 

— are located at 485 Best Street and 
were organized in 1857, the first Sisters 
coming from France to organize the 
Buffalo Order at that time. The pres- 
ent Order contains 57 professed Sis- 
ters. There is also a reformatory, 
formed in 1866, for w^ayward girls, 
sent there either by their parents, 
guardian or civil authority. It contains 
46 girls. To the convent is attached a 
penitent Magdalene Society,composed 
of girls who go to the convent for a 
certain length of time. It also contains 
some 86 women. 

Skating. — This is a favorite winter 
pastime for the masses. Park Lake is 
open to the public free of charge, and 
skates may be rented for the afternoon 
or evening for 25 cents. The other 
skating resorts are : Elmwood Rink, 
which is the grounds of the Tennis 
Club, and located between West Ferry 
Street and Cleveland Avenue. A 
charge of 25 cents is made for entrance 
and every one must take their own 
skates. This unquestionably is the 
most select place to skate in the city. 
Crystal Rink, corner of West Ferry and 
Hoyt Streets, is a good place to skate. 
The charge for admission being 15 
cents and skates may be rented for 15 
cents. Chute Rink and Olympic Park 
comprise the regular skating grounds, 
although there is often excellent skat- 
ing in the harbor. Any Sunday when 
the weather permits, may be seen 
thousands of people on Park Lake, 
and as one stands on the bridge and 
views them from a distance, they ap- 
pear very much like a swarm of black 



115 



SOC— STA 



flies upon a ground of sugar. The 
crowd is often so dense that their 
movements are hardly perceptible, 

Society of Christian i^ndeavor. 

— This Society was organized in 1884. 
The assembly is composed of 43 sep- 
arate societies with a total member- 
ship of about 2500. Meetings of the 
Society are held quarterly in the 
different churches of the city. 

Soldiers and Sailors' Monu- 
ment. — This imposing monument, 
erected to the memory of fallen heroes, 
is one of the finest of the kind in the 
country. It is situated in Lafayette 
Square, on Main Street, between 
Clinton and Lafayette Streets. The 
whole credit of erecting this tribute to 
the dead heroes of our country, is due 
to the efforts of Buffalo women. The 
monument is eighty-five feet high and 
cost $50,000. When the corner-stone 
was laid, on July 4th, 1882, President 
Cleveland, who was then Mayor of 
Buffalo, took part in' the ceremony, 
and when the monument was unveiled 
on July 4th, 1884, as Governor of New 
York, he again participated. There 
are four statues on the base, each 
eight feet high, which are of bronze. 
The Goddess of Liberty on the top is 
ten and one-half feet high, of granite. 
Tw'o cannons are on the square, one 
facing Main Street, a British cannon, 
taken at Fort Erie after a desperate 
struggle, on September 17, 1814. The 
other faces Washington Street and is a 
relic of the war of 1812, found on the 
Niagara River at Black Rock. The 
square is laid out in a small but pretty 
park, whose bit of green in the city's 
busy thoroughfare is picturesque and in- 
viting to the many who stop to enjoy its 
beauty. In season, beds of many-hued 
foliage plants and bright blossoms, 
show the skill of landscape gardeners, 
while comfortable seats are provided 
for the accommodation of the public. 



Sons of St. George.— This uni- 
formed society was organized in 1882 
and has now 250 members. In case of 
sickness, members receive $5 per 
week, and when a member dies, |ioo 
is paid over to his family. The Sons 
of St, George comprise three lodges : 

Queen City Lodge No. 102. — 
Meets second and fourth Mondays of 
each month, at MetropoHtan Hall, 551 
Main Street. 

Frontier Lodge No. 109. — Meets 
first and third Thursdays of each 
month at Schultz's Hall, corner Dart 
Street and Forest Avenue. 

Niagara Lodge No. no. — Meets 
every alternate Wednesday, at Com- 
modore Perry parlors, 445 Seneca 
Street. 

Sons of the Revolution.— This 

Society was organized in 1893 and has 
about 60 members. The Society of 
the Sons of the Revolution is a non- 
political, non-partisan, non-secret or- 
ganization, composed of direct male 
descendants of ancestors, who in the 
army, navy, marine corps, or in official, 
state or government service, assisted 
in establishing American Independ- 
ence during the War of the Revolution. 
They celebrate Washington's birth- 
day, and anniversaries of prominent 
revolutionary events. The initiation 
fee is |io.oo ; annual dues, I5.00. 

South Park. — (See Parks,) 

Spiritualists. — There are a large 
number in Buffalo and vicinity, who 
form themselves into Societies and 
hold seances more or less regularly, 
usually selecting Sunday evenings. 
This sect recently built a brick church 
on Prospect Avenue, corner of Jesrsey 
Street. (See Lily Dale.) 

State Hospital. — The Buflfalo 
State Hospital is located on Forest 
Avenue, adjoining the North Park, 
and may be reached by the Elmwood 



STE 



ii6 



Avenue cars. The corner stone was 
laid by Governor Hoffman in 1872. 
The administration building and the 
easterly wing were finished in 1880, 
and the westerly wing in 1895. The 
building is now finally completed in 
accordance with the original design. 
The administration building is hand- 
some and striking in design and in 
keeping with the high class of work of 
the architect, H. H. Richardson. The 
different wards are distinct, but con- 
nected by fireproof corridors, and in 
the matter of ventilation, light, com- 
fort and sanitary arrangement, are ad- 
mirably adapted for the purpose. The 
lawns and farm consist of 187 acres. 
A portion of the ground is used for 
farming purposes, but a large area is 
devoted to recreation grounds for the 
patients, walks, base ball and foot ball 
grounds, etc. The hospital has cost 
over $2,000,000. On May ist, 1896. 
there were in the hospital 1071 pa- 
tients. Visiting days are Mondays, 
Wednesdays and Fridays, from 2 to 5 
p. M. 

Steamboats. — A number of fine 
steamers ply the waters of the lake and 
river to and from the various resorts. 

The White Line Excursion 
Company's beautiful and commodi- 
ous steamer Idlehour makes regu- 
larly two trips daily between Buffalo 
and Niagara Falls, on the American 
side connecting with the Niagara Falls 
and Lewiston Railroad (electric) 
through the historic Niagara gorge and 
the Niagara Falls and Suspension 
Bridge Street Railway, For the com- 
fort and convenience of the patrons of 
this line, the spacious cabin of the 
steamer Idlehour has been converted 
into a cafe and dining room where 
lunches or meals will be served at all 
times. The White Line Excursion 
Company also run two boats daily and 
at regular intervals between Buffalo 



and Elm wood Beach. For time-table 
see daily papers. 

The Crystal Beach Company 
boats. Garden City, Pearl, and Gazelle, 
make regular daily trips during the 
season. 

Woodlawn Beach Company have 
two boats plying daily between Buffalo 
and Woodlawn Beach. 

All the above named boats leave 
their respective docks at the foot of 
Main Street, those going down the 
river usually stopping at Ferry Street. 
For various time-tables see the daily 
papers. 

Columbian Boat Line run two 
boats, Shrewsbury and William Harri- 
son, to Eldorado, Edge water and Ni- 
agara Falls, connecting with the elec- 
tric gorge road to Lewiston. 

Cleveland & Buffalo Transit 
Company, owning and operating the 
fine side-wheel steel steamers City of 
Buffalo (new), State of Ohio and State 
of New York, daily between Buffalo, 
Cleveland and Toledo. 

Northern Steamship Company. 
— This Company run two fine steam- 
ers, the North West and North Land, 
between Buffalo, Duluth and Chicago. 
passenger fares. 



BETWEEN BUFFALO AND 



Cleveland 

Detroit 

Mackinac Island 

Sault Ste. Marie , 

Duluth or West Superior. 
St. Paul or Minneapolis. . 
Chicago 



FIRST- 


CLASS. 


ONE 


ROUND 


WAY. 


TRIP. 


$ 3 00 


$ 5 GO 


5 00 


9 GO 


9 00 


16 OG 


10 00 


18 GG 


17 00 


3G GG 


19 GO 


35 OG 


12 50 


23 00 



SEC D 
CLASS 

ONE 
WAY. 

5 2 50 
3 50 
7 00 

7 50 
12 50 

H 50 
II 00 



Steam Vessels, Inspector of. — 

The office of the supervising inspector 
for the 9th district, is located on the 
6th floor of the White Building. There 
are two local inspectors, two assistant 
inspectors and a clerk, all of which are 
civil service appointments. Their 



irr- 




■^ 



1» :r,, --MfeT^^- ^ 




ii* 



Printing m 

We take great pride in the work of 
our Printing Department, as our 
name stands for the finest in this 
line* ♦♦ Society and club printing of 
every kind at the lowest prices as 
well as in the best style* 

NEW IDEAS J^ NEW TYPES J^ 
NEW INKS c^ • 

Reports ♦♦ Circulars ♦♦ Legal Print- 
ing ♦♦ Tickets ♦♦ Business Cards 
Letter Heads ♦♦ Anything from type* 



Cbe Peter Paul Book Company i 

Buffalo « 420 main $trm 



117 



STE— STR 



duties are to inspect the boilers, ma- 
chinery and steam vessels in general, 
to secure their perfect safety. 

Stenographers and Typewrit- 
ers. — For the convenience of strangers 
and the public generally, stenograph- 
ers and typewriters may be found in 
all of the larger hotels. Letters writ- 
ten on the machine direct cost about 
lo cents per page, if taken in short- 
hand and then written, 15 cents. 
Legal work in shorthand, 15 cents per 
page, and in small work, 25 cents. 

Stock Yards. — The Stock Yards 
of the city are located in East Buffalo, 
where extensive buildings for the 
transfer and care of all live stock com- 
ing into and departing from the city 
have been erected. Many improve- 
ments are to be made, and when com- 
pleted the system will be one of the 
most noteworthy in existence. (See 
Live Stock. 

Storage — Large warehouses where 
one can hire space to store two or 
three trunks, or large enough to re- 
ceive the furniture of an entire house, 
have of late years been erected in 
convenient parts of the city. At 
most of these places, wagons, trucks, 
and porters, may be engaged to move 
goods from one place to another, and 
will also do packing when desired. 
Among the best of these places may 
be mentioned Loomis' & Benjamin's 
Cyclorama Storage warehouse, located 
at 32-42 Edward Street, directly in the 
rear of Music Hall. This warehouse 
has six floors, covering over three 
acres of floor space. Niagara Storage 
warehouse, at 220-224 Niagara Street, 
is a brick building five stories high, 
having a floor space of about 40,000 
square feet. Central Storage ware- 
house, at 492-494 Washington Street, 
is another good place for storage, and 
there are several others. All goods 
are held one year after non-payment, 



as prescribed by law, after which they 
may be sold by public auction. 

Street Cleaning. — The work of 
cleaning streets embraces general 
street cleaning by machinery, at pres- 
ent under contract, and the cleaning 
of certain streets exclusively by hand 
labor, a portion of the latter work 
being done directly by city employ 
and paid from the general fund. An- 
other class of hand cleaning is per- 
formed under what is known as the 
local contract plan, which contracts 
are ordered upon majority petition of 
property owners interested on the 
particular street or streets which are 
included in the description of such 
contract. Under this class of work, 
the city acts as trustee, collecting 
assessments from the property bene- 
fitted, and paying moneys to the con- 
tractors on the certificate of the Sup- 
erintendent of Streets that the 
work has been properly performed. 
The collection of ashes and garbage 
is made once a week during the win- 
ter season and twice a week during 
the summer. It has been for some 
time performed by direct employment 
of the city, but will in the near future 
be done under contract. 

Streets, Directory of. — A, from 
1013 Fillmore Ave. east to the Mills. 

Abbott Road, from 585 Elk south- 
east to city line. 

Abby, from 569 Abbot Road south 
to 594 Tifft Street. 

Abel, from 339 Dingens to 146 Gris- 
wold, first west of S. Ogden. 

Adams, from 642 Eagle north to 689 
Genesee. 

Addison Pl., from 215 Bond east 
to 236 Lord. 

Alabama, from Buffalo River north 
to 481 Seneca. 

Albany, from Black Rock Harbor 
east to 230 Hampshire. About three 
blocks south of Ferry. 



STR 



ii8 



Alamo Pl., from 895 Abbott Road 
southwest to Triangle. 

Albermarle, from 25 Doy north- 
west to 400 O'Neil. 

Albert Ave., from 176 Rano north- 
west to 165 Royal. 

Alden Ave., from Chaucer north 
to Kenmore, fourth west of N. Y. L. 
E. & W. R. R. 

Alexander, from Hertel Ave. north 
to Race, third east of Military Road. 
Changed to Sunset Ave. 

Alexander, from Tyler, north to 
Eley (near city line) third west of Main. 
Changed to Mildred Ave. 

Alexander Ave., from Herbert 
east to Bailey Ave., second south of 
Delavan. Changed to Wecker Ave. 

Alexander Pl. (formerly Zurbuch- 
er),from 242 east Ferry north to Puffer. 

Algonquin, from Delaware Ave., 
east to Fairchild PL, third south of 
Hertel Ave. 

Alleghany, from TifFt north to 
Folger, first west of South Park Ave., 
(formerly White's Corners Road). 

Allen, from 942 Main west to i 
Wadsworth. 

Alvin Ave., from Main east to city 
line, fourth north of east Hertel Ave. 

Alwin, from 36 Durrenberger, east 
304 feet. 

Amber Ave., from 661 South Park 
Avenue, (formerly White's Corners 
Road.) west, second south of Tifft. 

Amelia, from Abby east to Ger- 
mania, first south of Abbott Road. 

Amherst, from Erie Canal at Black 
Rock, northeast and east to Kensing- 
ton Avenue. 

Amity, from Q u i n c y (formerly 
Miller,) north-east to Deshler, along 
north side of N. Y. C. R. R. Yards, 
second south of Broadway. 

Amos Pl., from Kenmore Avenue, 
south, third east of Elmwood Avenue. 



Amsterdam, from 690 Delevan 
Avenue, north, second west of Grider, 
(formerly Manhatten Avenue.) 

Anderson Al., from Emslie east 
to 60 Lord, first north of South Divi- 
sion, changed to Meteor Alley. 

Anderson Pl., from 355 Richmond 
Avenue, east, first north of Utica. 

Andover, from Warwick Avenue 
to Bayfield, first east of Norfolk. 

Angle, from Flower, north to 
Morton, west of Main near city line. 

Ann, from 200 Terrace, south, be- 
tween Charles and Mechanic. 

Annie Pl., from 287 Dewitt, east 
to 258 Tyron Place. 

Ansteth, from Military Road, west 
to N. Y. C. R. R. sixth north of Hertel 
Ave. 

Antwerp, (formerly Bommell) from 
Bailey Ave., east to Warring, second 
south of Genessee. 

Appenheimer Pl., from Fillmore 
Ave., east, first north of Delavan Ave. 

Archer Ave., from Seneca, north, 
first east of Bailey Ave 

Argus, from 270 Esser Ave., north 
to 250 O'Neil St. 

Arizona, (formerly Wyoming) from 
Military Road, west to N. Y. C. R. R., 
third north of Hertel Ave. 

Arkansas, from 887 West Ave., 
east to 318 Hampshire. 

Arlington, from 1163 Broadway, 
south, to West Shore R. R., changed 
to Houghton. 

Arlington Ave., from Kensington 
Ave., east, to Wyoming Ave., first 
east of Grider, changed to Mendola 
Ave. 

Arlington Pl., from 65 Wads- 
worth, north to 294 North and east to 
150 College. 

Armbruster, from 1567 Broadway, 
south to N. Y. C. R. R. 



119 



STR 



Armin Pl., from Seneca, north, to 
lot 7, first west of Mineral Springs 
Road. 

Arnold, from 71 Grant, eas.t to 
22 Preston. 

Arthur Av., from 2158 Niagara, 
east to Tonawanda, third north of 
Hertel Ave, 

Arthur Ave., from 694 Walden 
Ave. to 79 Doat St. Changed to Key- 
stone Ave. 

AsBURY Pl., from 43 West Huron, 
north to rear of 460 Pearl. 

Ash, from 272 Broadway north to 
57 Genesee. 

Ashland Ave., from 76 Summer 
north to 529 Bouck Ave. 

Ashley, from N. Y. C. R. R. west 
to Deshler. 

Athol, from 1250 Abbott Road 
northeast to Cazenovia Creek. 

Atlantic, from 155 Utica north to 
97 Lexington Ave. 

Atlantic Ave., from 11 20 East 
Delevan Ave. north to Beverly, first 
west of Bailey Ave. 

Auburn Ave., from Niagara River 
east to 1245 Delaware Ave. 

Auchinvole, from 169 Herkimer 
east to 157 Grant. 

Augusta, from 210 Downing south 
to City Line, third east of South Park 
Ave., (formerly White's Corner road.) 

Aurora, from 475 Ohio west to 
Buffalo River. 

Aurora Plank Road, changed to 
Seneca. 

Austin, from 1894 Niagara north- 
east to 168 Military Road. 

Avenue A, changed to Fillmore 
Ave. 

Avon Pl., from Seneca northeast, 
second south of Buffalo Creek. 

Avondale Pl., from Seneca north- 
east, third south of Buffalo Creek. 



B., from 967 Fillmore Avenue east 
one block to Mills. 

Babcock, from 266 Prenatt north- 
east to 1161 William. 

Bahama Ave., from Marilla north, 
first west of Hopkins. 

Bailey Ave., (formerly Williams- 
ville road) from 790 Abbott Road north 
to city limits. 

Baitz Ave., from 1340 Clinton north 
to N. Y. L. E. & W. R. R. 

Baker, from Ann west near 200 
Terrace south to Erie Canal. 

Balcom, from Main east to Masten, 
second north of Main and Michigan 
junction. 

Balcom, from 1630 Main to 557 
Linwood Ave, 

Bangor PL.,from Kasota to Sharon 
Ave., first south of Kenmore Ave. 

Bank Pl., from Jordan Place to 
Buffalo Creek, first north of Seneca. 

Barcher PL.,from Englewood Ave. 
east to Montrose, first south of Ken- 
more. 

Bardol, from E. Parade Ave. east 
to Spiess, first north of Genesee. 

Barker, from 12 10 Main to 829 
Delaware Ave. 

Barnard, from Griswold (formerly 
Humboldt), south to Buffalo Creek, 
third east of Weiss. 

Barnett Pl., Irom Herbert east to 
Bailey Ave., first north of Puffer. 

Barr, changed to Woodlawn Ave, 

Barraga Ave., from 297 Aby east 
to Hopkins. 

Barry PL,,from 282 Bird Ave. north 
to 279 Forest Ave. 

Barthel, from 234 Walden Ave. to 
311 Urban. 

Barton, from 178 Albany north to 
181 Breckenridge, 

Bass, from 999 Clinton north. 



STR 



1 20 



Bass Pl., from 46 Etnslie west to 
the W. N. Y. & P. R. R. 

Batavia, from 17 10 Broadway 
north, first east of Bailey Ave. 

Baxter, from Esser north to 
O'Neil, first east of Tonawanda. 

Bayard, from north end of Lester 
east and west, second north of Seneca. 

Bayer, changed to Portage Ave. 

Bayfield (formerly Becker), from 
Norfolk east to Bailey Ave,, first north 
of Warwick Ave. 

Baynes, from 400 W. Ferry, north 
to 379 Bird Ave. 

Beacon, from B. R. & P. R. R. east 
to 584 Hopkins, fifth south of Abbott 
Road. 

Beak, from 20 Green, north to 57 
Exchange. 

Bean Al., from 73 W. Mohawk, 
north to 68 W. Huron. 

Beard Ave., from Starin Ave. east 
to Parker, thence northeast to Hertel 
Ave., first north of Amherst. 

Beardsley Ave., from 485 Doat, 
north to Hemenway, eighth east of 
Bailey Ave. 

Beautrice, from Ontario, northwest 
to Esser, ninth east of Tonawanda. 

Beaver, from 38 Perry, north to 
37 Scott. 

Beck, from 1012 Broadway, north 
to 923 Sycamore. 

Becker, from 28 Abby, to B. R. & 
P. R. R. 

Becker, from Bailey Ave., west to 
Norfolk, first north of Warwick. 
Changed to Bayfield Ave. 

Becker, from 1258 Broadway, north 
about 1300 feet. 

Beckwith, from 461 Sycamore, east 
to Adams. 

Beech, from 970 Virginia, north to 
381 Carlton. 



Beer, from Weiss, east to South 
Ogden, first south of Clinton. 

Behrends, from Military Road, west 
to N. Y. C. R. R., seventh north of 
Hertel Ave. 

Bell Ave., from 207 Abbey, east to 
Hopkins, sixth south of Abbott Road. 

Bell Ave., from D. L.& W. R. R., 
east to Zelmer, first south of Genesee. 
~ Belle, from Kenmore Ave., south, 
third west of Delaware Ave, 

Belmont, from 60 Doyle, northwest 
to 435 O'Neil. 

Belmont, from Eley west to Crosby, 
first north of Morton, changed to 
Brinton. 

Belmont, from Jefferson, east to 
Oakgrove Ave., second north of Del- 
avan, changed to Blaine. 

Bender Ave., from 1025 Clinton 
south to W. N. Y. & P. R. R. 

Bennett, from 146 William, north 
to 271 Broadway. 

Bennett Pl., from Herbert, east to 
Bailey Ave, first north of Puffer. 

Benzinger, from 1618 William, 
north to Broadway. 

Bergtold, from 97 Laux 578 feet 
east, second northeast of Clinton. 

Berkeley Pl., from Bird Ave., 
north to the Park, first west of Dela- 
ware Ave. 

Berkshire Ave., from Bangor PL, 
north to Kenmore Ave., first east of 
Colvin. 

Berlin, from 460 High, north to 
413 Northampton. 

Bernard, from Downing to south 
city line, changed to Sibley. 

Bernhardt, from East Ferry, north 
to East Delavan Ave., fifth east of 
Fillmore Ave. 

Berrick Al., from 142 Seneca, north 
to 171 Swan. 

Bessie Pl., from 414 Bird Ave., 
north to 411 Forest Ave. 



121 



STR 



Best, from 1119 Main, east to 1132 
Geneser. 

* Beverly, (formerly Kenilworth,) 
from Norfolk, east to Bailey Ave., first 
north of East Delavan. 

BiDWELL, changed to Penfield. 

BiDWELL Parkway, from Bidwell 
PI. northeast to Soldiers' PI. 

BiDWELL Pl., junction of Bouck 
Ave., Bidwell Parkway and Richmond 
Ave. 

Bingham, from Erie Canal, east to 
Church Street, west of City Hall. 

Bird, changed to Hertel Ave. 

Bird Ave., from 1531 Niagara, east 
to 1538 Delaware Ave. 

BiRDSALL, from 62 Mechanic, north 
to 128 Church, 

BiSMARK, from Abbey to B. R. & 
P. R. R., eighth north of Tifft, 
changed to Brunck. 

BiSMARK, from South Ogden, east 
to city line, first south of William. 

BissELL, from Walden Avenue, 
north to Genesee, first east of Moselle. 

Bitter, from 710 Ferry, east to 515 
Delavan Ave. Changed to Hiram. 

Blackwell Canal, from near the 
mouth of Buffalo River, southeast of 
Lehigh Valley Coal Docks. 

Blaine, (formerly Belmont) from 
Jefferson, east of Oak Grove, thence 
south to east Delavan Ave. 

Blake, from Genesee, east to 
Scajaquada Creek, second east of 
Bailey Ave. 

Blanche, from Kenmore Ave., 
south, first west of Elm wood Ave, 

Blank Ave., from Bailey Ave., east 
of Babcock and north of B. R. & P. 
R. R. Changed to Jordan Ave. 

Bleeker, from 268 Rano, north to 
Laird Ave., fifth east of Tonawanda. 

Bloom, from Abbott Road, south 
to the proposed Boulevard, southeast 
of South Park Ave. 



Bloomfield, from 646 South Park 
Ave., to the proposed Boulevard^ 
second south of Tifft. 

Blossom, from 54 Broadway, north 
to 59 East Huron. 

Blossom, from Hampshire, north to 
Scajaquada Creek. Changed to Grant. 

Blum, from Military Road, east to 
206 Clayton, seventh north of Hertel 
Ave. 

BoGARDUS, from Bailey Ave., 
east to Garfield, fourth north of Wil- 
liam. 

Boller, from Abby, west to B.R.& 
P. R. R., second north of Tif!t. 

Bolton Ave., from Linden Ave., 
north to Taunton, first east of Colvin. 

Bolton Pl., from Abbott Road, 
south to St. Stephens Place, second 
west of Smith. 

Bommel, from 1681 Bailey Ave., 
east to Warring Ave. Changed to 
Antwerp. 

Bond, from 180 Seymour, north to 
177 Howard. 

Boone, from Pembina, north, first 
west of Hopkins. 

Booth Al., from 297 Washington, 
east to Hickory. 

Bork, changed to Detroit. 

Boston Al., changed to Demond 

Place. 

Bouck Ave., from 1319 Niagara, 
east to 1776 Main. 

Boulevard, from Abbott Road, at 
South Park Ave., southeast and south 
to city line. 

Bowen, from St. Lawrence Ave., 
north to Kenmore (near city line) 
seventh east of Colvin, changed to 
Duluth Ave. 

Bowen, from 1058 Broadway, north 
to 15 Walden Ave. 

Bowery, changed to Irving Place. 



STR 



122 



Box Ave., from Fillmore Ave., east 
to Moselle. Sixth north of Parade. 

BoYD.from Grant, north to Preston, 
one block north of Breckenridge. 

Brace, from Erie Canal, east to 1348 
Niagara. 

Bradford, from 1156 Elk, north to 
Seneca. 

Bradley, from 456 Dewitt, east to 
583 Grant. 

Brantford Pl., from 690 Delavan 
Ave., north to Potomac Ave. 

Brayton, from 413 Vermont, north 
to 515 Utica. 

Breckenridge, from 1223 Niagara, 
east to 525 Elmwood Ave. 

Bremen, from 378 Vermont, north- 
west to 387 Rhode Island. 

Brewster, from Halbert, east to 
Fillmore Ave., first north of LeRoy 
Ave. 

Bridge, from Erie Canal, northeast 
to 1796 Niagara. 

Bridgeman, from 578 Amherst, 
north to N. Y. C. Belt Line. 

Briggs Ave., from 2413 Niagara, 
east to 834 Tonawanda. 

Brighton, from 1185 Broadway, 
south to West Shore R. R. 

Brinker Ave., from Abbey to 
Hopkins, third south of Abbott Road 
changed to Barraga Ave. 

Brinkman, from 634 Walden Ave., 
north to 23 Doat. 

Brinton Ave. (formerly Belmont), 
from Eley (Englewood Ave. ) west to 
Crosby, first north of Norton, near city 
line. 

Brisco Ave., from Walden Ave., 
north to Doat. Sixth east of Bailey 
Ave. 

Bristol, from 205 Spring, east to 
278 Jefferson and from 195 Emslie to 
69 Raze. 

Broadway, from 421 Washington, 
northeast to eastern city limits. 



Brockton Ave., from Bangor PI., 
north to Kenmore Ave. (near city line) 
first west of Colvin. 

Brooklyn, from Utica, north to 
Glen wood Ave., third east of Jefferson. 

Brown, from 735 Jefferson, northeast 
to 594 Adams. 

Brownell, from 1475 Broadway, 
south to N. Y. C. R. R. 

Bruce, from Tyler, north to Eley 
(Englewood Ave. ) near city line, sec- 
ond west of Main. 

Brunck (formerly Bismark), from 
274 Abby, west to B. R. & P. R. R. 
eighth north of Tifft. 

Bryant, from 1288 Main, west to 241 
Richmond Ave. 

Buell Ave., from Humboldt Park- 
way, east to Fillmore Ave., first north 
of Puff'er. 

Buffalo, from 785 Abbott Road, 
south to Good Ave., first west of Tri- 
angle. 

BuFFUM,from 2215 Seneca, northeast 
to Reservation line. 

Bull, from 141 1 West Ave., north- 
east, first south of Scajaquada Ave. 

Bundys Al., from 124 Sycamore, 
north one block. 

Burgard Pl., from 562 Walden, 
north, first west of Bailey Ave. 

Burrell, from 272 Curtiss, north to 
Lovejoy. 

Burrows Ave., from 57 Abby, east 
to Hopkins, second north of Tifft. 

Burt, from St. Lawrence Ave., 
north to Kenmore Ave., twelfth east 
of Colvin. 

Burt Ave., from 87 Abby, east to 
Hopkins, third north of Tifft. 

BuRTis Ave., from Abbott Road, 
north to Oliver, second east of Hop- 
kins. 

Burton, from 819 Main, east to 78 
Maple. 



123 



STR 



BuRWELL Pl., from 48 Perry, north 
to 49 Scott. 

BuscH, from Race, north to Ken- 
more Ave., second east of Mihtary 
Road. Changed to Clayton. 

Bush, from 504 Amherst, south to 
Scajaquada creek, and north to Grote, 
first west of New York State Reserva- 
tion line. 

BusHNELL, from Jordan Ave., north 
to Bergtold, first east of Babcock. 

Butler, changed to Lexington Ave. 

Byron, from Chaucer, north to Ken- 
more Ave., changed to Hecla Ave. 

Byron PL.,from Olympic, to Ocean 
Ave., first north of East Delavan Ave. 

C, from 947 Fillmore Ave., east two 
blocks to Mills. 

Cable, from Griswold, south to Buf- 
falo Creek, second east of Weiss. 

Caldwell Al., from 114 Wilkeson, 
north to rear 106 Seventh. 

California, from 859 West Ave., 
east to 24 Herkimer. 

Calumet Pl., from Grace, north to 
Garfield, fourth east of Niagara. 

Cambria, from 405 Dingens, to north 
of Bismark, first west of city line. 

Cambridge Ave., from East Ferry, 
north to Warwick, fourth east of 
Grider. 

Camden, from Olive, north to N. Y. 
L. E. & W. R. R., first west of Dela- 
ware. 

Camden Ave., from East Hertel 
Ave., north to Alvin Ave., first east of 
Main, changed to Cordova Ave. 

Camp, from 424 Sycamore north- 
west to 519 Genesee. 

Campbell Ave., from St. Lawrence 
Ave., north to KenmoreAve., (north 
city line), 6th east of Colvin. 

Canal, from 100 Main, northwest to 
164 Erie. 

Canal Al., changed to Court Pl. 



Canary, north Parade House. 

Candon, from Esser Ave., south to 
Laird Ave, first east of Tonawanda. 

Carl, from 976 East Ferry, north to 
783 East Delavan Ave. 

Carlton, from 909 Main, east to 
744 Genesee. 

Carmine Pl., from 448 Bird Ave., 
north to 445 Forest Ave. 

Carolina, from Erie Canal, north- 
east to 168 West Tupper. 

Carroll, from 203 Washington, east 
to Indian Reservation line. 

Carter Ave., from 17 Hopkins, 
east to South Park Ave., first north of 
Marilla. 

Carter Ave, from Hertel Ave., 
south to Troup, first east of Elmwood 
Ave. (formerly McPherson) changed 
to Mandan. 

Cary, from 210 Delaware Ave., 
west to 162 Morgan. 

Cass, from Hertel Ave., north to 
Race, sixth east of Military Road, 
changed to Norris. 

Cassy, from 1059 William, south to 
Lot 58. 

Castor AL.,from 299 William, north 
to 427 Broadway. 

Cattaraugus Ave., from Bailey 
Ave., east to Eggert, fourth south of 
Kensington Ave. (formerly EUicott 
Turnpike. 

Cayuga, from 885 Jefferson east to 
300 Grey. 

Cazeno VIA, from 1385 Abbott Road, 
north to 2190 Seneca. 

Cecil Ave., from Olive, north to N. 
Y., L. E. & W. R. R., second west of 
Delaware Ave. 

Cedar, from 348 Swan, northwest to 
305 Broadway. 

Cement Ave., from Range Ave., 
east to Quarry Ave., second south of 
East Hertel Ave. 

Centre, from Bailey Ave., west to 



STR 



124 



Andover, first north of Warwick, 
changed to Duffield. 

Central Ave., from 1396 William, 
north through 892 Lovejoy to N. Y. C. 
and H. R. R. R. 

Central Wharf, from foot of 
Main, west to foot of Commercial. 

Centre, from no Seneca, north to 
loi Swan. 

Chadduck Ave., from 997 Tona- 
wanda, east to Harold Ave., sixth 
north of Ontario. 

Chain Al., from 250 Amherst, 
north, second west of Military Road. 

Champlin, from 493 Spring, north- 
east to 212 Mortimer. 

Chandler, from MiltaryRoad, east 
to N. Y. C. R. R., third north of 
Amherst. 

Chapin Parkway, from Chapin PI., 
northwest to Soldiers' Place. 

Chapin Pl., Junction of Delaware 

Ave., Bouck Ave., and Chapin Park- 
way. 

Charles, from Erie Canal, east to 
186 Terrace. 

Charlotte, from Fillmore Ave., 
east to Hill, first north of LeRoy Ave. 

Chaucer, from Crosby PI., west to 
Alden, first south of Kenmore Ave., 
(near city line). 

Chautauqua, from Bailey Ave., 
east to Eggert, first south of Kensing- 
ton Ave. 

Cheektov^^aga, (formerly Spencer) 
from Genesee to Doat, seventh east of 
Bailey Ave. 

Chelsea Pl., (formerly Miller) from 
Pufier, north to east Delavan, third 
east of Fillmore Ave. 

Chemung, from Bailey Ave., east 
to Eggert, third south of Kensington 
Ave. 

Chenango, from 459 Utica, north- 
west to 400 West Ferry. 



Cherry, from 727 Michigan, north- 
east to 955 Virginia. 

Chester, from 178 Glenwood Ave., 
north to Ferry and thence north to 33 
Puffer. 

Chestnut, from 224 Swan, north to 
227 North Division. 

Chicago, from 300 Ohio, north to 
267 Swan. 

Childs, from 26 Hamburg Turn- 
pike, east to Buffalo Creek. 

Chippewa, east from 597 Main to 
102 Genesee. 

Chippewa, west from 590 Main, 
west to Junction Georgia and Whitney 
Place. 

Choate Ave., from 1428 Abbott 
Road, southwest to Boulevard, thence 
west to South Park Ave. 

Church, from 312 Main, west to 
Erie Canal. 

Churchill, from 228 Amherst, 
northeast to 253 Austin. 

Cincinnati, from 257 Ohio, south 
to Buffalo River. 

Circle, Junction north Wadsworth, 
14th and Pennsylvania Sts, and Porter 
and Richmond Aves. 

City Ship Canal, from Buffalo 
River near lighthouse to south channel. 

Clare, (formerly Raze) from 916 
Eagle to 347 Howard. 

Clarence, from Olive, north to N. 
Y., L. E. & W. R. R. Third west of 
Delaware Ave. 

Clarendon Pl., from Bird Ave., 
north to the Park. Second west of 
Delaware Ave. 

Clarion Pl., from Philadelphia, 
north to Skillen. First southeast of 
Ontario. 

Clark, from 794 William, north to 
1225 Broadway. 

Clark and Skinner Canal, from 
Buffalo River to Hamburg Canal, east 
of Mississippi. 



125 



STR 



Clay, from 36 Military Road near 
Amherst, north of 289 Austin. 

Clayton (formerly Busch), from 76 
Race north to Kenmore Ave. (north 
city line). Second east of Military 
Road. 

Clement Pl., from Gillette Ave. 
east to N. Y. C. R. R. First north of 
East Delavan Ave. 

Clemo, from 1 104 Clinton, 642 feet 
north. 

Cleveland, from 1208 Delaware 
Ave., west to 662 Elmwood Ave. 

Cleveland, from 452 Ferry, north 
to 495 Breckenridge. Changed to 
Iroquois. 

Clifford, from 375 Smith, east to 
Selkirk, 

Clifton, from 264 East Utica to 221 
East Ferry, Changed to Verplanck. 

Clifton Pl., from 112 Cottage, 
northeast to 256 Allen. Changed to 
Day's Park. 

Clinton, from 411 Main, east to city 
limits. 

Clinton Ave., from Erie Canal, west 
of 1471 Niagara, east to 1474 Delaware 
Ave. Changed to Potomac Ave. 

Clio Ave., from 11 25 Abbott Road, 
south to Boulevard. 

CoATSWORTH Alley, from 17 Hay- 
ward, east to 272 Hamburg. 

Cochrane, from 2066 Clinton to 
Humboldt Al. 

CoE PL.,from 1 215 Main, east to 994 
Ellicott. 

CoiT, from 298 Howard, north to 843 
Broadway. 

Colchester ( formerly Westches- 
ter), from Chautauqua, east to Eggert. 
First south of Kensington Ave. 

Coleman Al., from Vine, south be- 
tween Michigan and Elm. 

Colfax Ave., from 1088 Grider, 
east to 310 Wyoming Ave. 



Coll ATON, from 2237 Niagara, north- 
east to Fuller. 

College, from 25 Cottage, north to 
260 North. 

College Pl., from Johnson Park, 
one block west of 274 Delaware Ave. 

Colorado Ave., from 1209 East 
Ferry, south to 1670 Genesee. 

CoLSON Ave., from Griswold (for- 
merly Humboldt AL), north to Din- 
gens, fifth east of Weiss. Changed to 
Weaver. 

CoLTON, from Erie Canal, west to 
Lake Erie, first northwest of Hudson. 

Columbia, from Buffalo River, north 
to 137 Perry, first west of Michigan. 

Columbus Ave., from Main, east to 
Bailey Ave., third north of East Hertel 
Ave. Changed to Lisbon. 

Columbus Pl., from 560 South Park 
Ave. (formerly White's Corners Road), 
east to Boulevard. 

CoLViN, from 1302 Amherst, north- 
west to 1323 Hertel Ave. and to Ken- 
more Ave. 

Comet (formerly Crescent), from 
Olive Ave., north to N. Y., L. E. & W. 
R. R., fourth west of Delaware Ave. 

Commercial, from Buffalo River 
northeast, to 8 Terrace. 

Como Ave., from 484 South Park 
Ave. (formerly White's Corners Road), 
east to Boulevard. 

Compromise Al., 312 Maryland, 
northwest to West Ave. Changed to 
Malta Pl. 

Concord, from 366 Curtiss, west to 
West Shore R. R. 

Condon Ave., from Crowley Ave., 
north to O' Neil, first east of Tonawan- 
da. 

Congress, from 184 Bouck Ave., 
north to 231 Potomac Ave. 

Connecticut, from 656 Front Ave., 
northeast to 222 Richmond Ave. 

Cooper, changed to Oakwood Pl. 



STR 



126 



CoPELAND Pl., from Hunt, north- 
west to Ontario, first east of Tona- 
wanda. 

CopsEWOOD Ave., from Kensing- 
ton Ave., south, first west of Bailey. 

Cordova Ave, (formerly Camden), 
from East Hertel Ave. north to Alvin 
Ave. , first east of Main. 

Cornelia, from 274 Seymour, north- 
east to Eagle. 

Cornell, from Tyler, north to Eley, 
first west of Main, near north city line. 

Cornell, from Ontario, southeast 
to Martin, first east of Tonawanda. 
Changed to Gallatin. 

Cornwall Ave., from East Ferry, 
north to Warwick, sixth east of Grider. 

Cotes, changed to Myers. 

Cottage, from 370 Virginia, north- 
west to 297 Hudson. 

Coulson, from Military Road, north- 
west to N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R., 
eighth north of Hertel Ave. 

Countess Ave., from 420 Doat, 
north to Hemenway, sixth east of 
Bailey Ave. 

Court, from 428 Main, west to Erie 
Canal. 

Court Pl , from Jackson, north to 
Court, near Wilkeson. 

Courtland Ave., from 1348 Dela- 
van Ave., north. 

Crescent, from Olive Ave. north 
to N. Y. L. E. & W. R. R., fourth west 
of Delaware Ave. Changed to Comet. 

Crescent Ave., from 1569 Amherst, 
south to Colvin, first west of Main. 

Crosby Pl. from Brinton, north to 
Kenmore Ave. (near city line), near 
N. Y. L. E. & W. R. R. crossing. 

Crowley Ave., from 2505 Niagara, 
east to 918 Tonawanda to Welland 
Ave. 

Crystal Ave., from 628 South Park 
Ave. (formerly White's Corners Road), 
west 1000 feet. 



Cumberland Ave., from loi Mum- 
ford to 100 Cazenovia. 

Curtiss, from 772 William, north- 
east and east to 1225 Broadway. 

CusHiNG Pl. from 1806 Abbott Rd., 
east to city line. 

Custer (formerly Sheridan), from 
Main west to D. L. & W. R. R., first 
north of Hertel Ave. 

Cutter Pl., from Jordan PL, north- 
west to Buffalo Creek. 

Cypress, from 571 Michigan, north- 
east to 318 Pine. 

Daisy, from Florida, north to East 
Delavan Ave., fourth east of Jefferson. 

Dakota, from near 2300 Delaware 
Ave. , east to Fairchild Pl. , first south 
of Hertel Ave. 

Dalton, from Downing, south to 
south city line, first east of South Park 
Ave. (formerly White's Corners Road) 
Changed to Hines. 

D ALTON Ave., from Bangor PL, 
north to Kenmore Ave. (near city line) 
second east of Colvin. 

Dana Ave., from Rano, north to 
Crowley Ave., fourth east of Tona- 
wanda. Changed to Welland Ave. 

Danforth, from 158 Forest Ave., 
north to 25 Bradley. 

Daniels Ave., from Ontario, north- 
west to Esser Ave., tenth east of Ton- 
awanda. 

D ANN. from foot of Amherst, north 
to Hamilton. 

Danube, from 1572 Genesee, north 
to East Ferry. 

Dart, from 188 Forest Ave., north 
to Scajaquada creek. 

Dash, from 925 Abbot Road, south 
to McCauley, third southeast of Tri- 
angle. 

Daugherty's Al., from 248 Sen- 
eca, north to 49 Myrtle Ave. Changed 
to Seneca PL 



127 



STR 



Davenport Al., from loo Canal, 
southeast to Fly. 

Davev, from 1704 William, north to 
191 1 Broadway. 

Davis, from 702 Jefferson, west and 
northwest to 555 Genesee. 

Davis Ave., third west of Main, 
from Humboldt Parkway, northwest to 
Amherst. Changed to Woodward 
Ave. 

Day's Park, from 107 Cottage, 
northeast to 256 Allen and 2 Wads- 
worth, includes streets formerly known 
as Norris PI. and Clifton PI. 

Dayton, from 48 Main, west to 
Prime. 

Dearborn, from 44 Tonawanda, 
northeast to 49 Hertel Ave. 

Decker, from Bailey Ave., west to 
Olympic, first south of Norfolk Ave. 

Deer, from Hertel Ave., north to 
Gladstone, second east of N. Y. C. & 
H. R. R. R. 

Deerfield Ave., (formerly Hunt- 
ington Ave.) from 805 East Delavan 
Ave., north to Kensington Ave., second 
east of Grider. 

Delavan Ave. , from 1851 Main, east 
to city limits. 

Delavan Ave., west, from Black 
Rock Harbor and 1397 Niagara east 
to 1851 Main. 

Delaware Ave., from 223 Terrace, 
north to city limits. 

Delaware Pl., from 376 Delaware 
Ave,, west to 327 Virginia, changed to 
Trinity PI. 

Demond Pl., (formerly Boston Al.) 
from 116 East Tupper north to 675 
Virginia. 

Dempster, from 783 Bailey Ave., 
east to 52 Green. 

Denver, from Military Road, west 
to N. Y. C. R. R., fourth north of 
Hertel Ave. 



Depew Ave., from Main, west to 
Linden Ave., second north of Am- 
herst. 

Depot, from 1067 William, south 
to lot no. 58. 

DeRutte, from 444 Virginia, north 
to rear 57 Elmwood Ave. 

Deseronto Ave., from Linden 
Ave., north to Taunton, first west of 
Parkside Ave. 

Deshler, from 15 17 Broadway, 
south to N. Y. C. R. R. Round-house. 

Desquesne Ave., from 1360 East 
Delavan Ave., south to Lang Ave., 
third east of Bailey Ave. 

Detroit, from 318 Howard, north 
to 875 Broadway. 

Devereux Ave. from Eley(formerly 
Englewood) east to Montrose, third 
south of Kenmore Ave. (near city line) 

Dewey Pl., from Pomeroy Ave., 
west to Buffalo River, first south of 
Seneca. 

Dewitt, from 115 Breckenridge, 
north to Scajaquada creek. 

Dexter, (R. R. Lands), from 1625 
Main and 1597 Michigan to Driving 
Park. 

Dickens Al., (formerly Orlando 
Al.) from 259 Washington to 18 Elli- 
cott. 

Dillon, (formerlvRicker Ave.) from 
Fillmore, east, first north of Seneca. 

Dingens, from 459 Bailey Ave., 
east to city limits. 

DoAT, from Genesee near N. Y. L. 
& W. R. R. crossing, east to city 
limits. 

Dock, from 33 Water, south to 
Buffalo River. 

Dodge, from 1177 Main, east to 68 
West Parade Ave. 

DoLD, from Tifft, south to White- 
field, changed to Ithica Place. 

Dole, from 1237 Elk, north to 1359 
Seneca. 



SFR 



128 



Doll Ave., changed to May. 

DoMEDiAN Ave., from Hemenway, 
north to Genesee, second west of city 
hne. 

Douglas Al., from 23 Ellicott, east 
to Center. 

Dover, from 716 Curtiss, west to 
West Shore R. R. 

Downing, from 1050 South Park 
Ave., (formerly White' s Corners 
Road.) north to 1889 Abbott Road. 

Doyle Ave., from Skillen, north- 
east to Kenmore Ave., third north of 
Ontario. 

Dryden Ave., from Chaucer, north 
to Kenmore Ave., third west of Cros- 
by Place. 

Duchess, from Suffolk, east to 
Eggert, second south of Kensington 
Ave. 

DucKWiTZ, from 450 East Utica, 
to Glenwood Ave. 

Duerstein, from Seneca, near Caz- 
enovia Park, north, first southeast of 
Indian Church Road. 

Duffield, (formerly Center], from 
Andover, east to Bailey Ave., first 
north of Warwick Ave. 

Duluth Ave., (formerly Bo wen), 
from St. Lawrence Ave. , north to Ken- 
more Ave., seventh east of Colvin. 

Duncan, from 1264 Seneca, north, 
first west of Bailey Ave. 

Dunstan Ave., from Skillen north- 
east to Kenmore Ave., first north of 
Ontario. 

DupoNT, from 343 East Utica to 
Harwood PI., one block east of Jeffer- 
son. 

Durham Ave., from 770 East Dela- 
van Ave. north to Sussex, first east of 
Grider. 

Durrenberger, (formerly Urban 
Al.) from 492 High, north to 479 Best. 

Dutton Ave., from 848 East Ferry, 
north to 650 East Delavan Ave. 



Dyer, from 521 Abbott Road south 
to D. L. & W. R. R., first west of 
Abbey. 

Eagle, from 367 Main, east to 176 
Fillmore Ave. 

Eagle, west, from 363 Main to 269 
Terrace. 

Englewood Ave., from 1229 Ab- 
bott Road, southwest to 660 Boulevard. 

East, from 65 Wayne, west to 46 
Arthur. 

East Balcom, from 661 Main to 
578 Masten. 

East Bennett, from 322 Clinton 
north to 159 William. 

East Delavan Ave., see Delavan 
East and West. 

East Ferry, see Ferry East. 

East Genesee, see Genesee East 
and West. 

East Hertel Ave., from 2995 
Main East to Bailey Ave. near D. L. 
& W. crossing. 

East Jewett Ave., from 2421 Main 
east to 1006 Ave. A. 

East Market, from 138 Elk north 
to Hamburg Canal. 

East Mohawk, see Mohawk, East 
and West. 
East North, see North East. 

East Parade Ave., from 228 Wal- 
den north through 1185 Genesee ta 
Northampton. 

East Porter, changed to Rose- 
ville. 

East Seneca, changed to Seneca. 

East Swan, see Swan. 

East Summer, changed to Edna Pl. 

East Tupper, see Tupper, East 
and West. 

East Utica, see Utica, east and 
west. 

Eastwood Pl., (formerly Hum- 
boldt PI.), from Main, east to Hum- 



129 



STR 



bulcit Parkway, second northeast of 
Jefferson. 

Eaton, from 1283 Michigan east to 
1246 Jefferson. 

EcKHARDT Ave., from Seneca 
northeast to Mineral Springs Road, 
first southeast of Mineral Springs 
Road. 

EcKHERT, from Esser Ave. north 
to O'Neil, 4th east of Tonawanda. 

Edgewood Ave., from 1309 Abbott 
Road southwest to 570 Boulevard. 

Edison Ave., from 1478 East Dela- 
van Ave. 

Edmunds Ave., from B., R. & P. 
R. R. east to 524 Hopkins, fifth north 
of Tifft. 

Edna Pl. (formerly East Summer), 
from 931 Ellicott east to 90 Masten. 

Edward, from 782 Main west to 357 
Virginia. 

Edwin Pl (formerly Goodell Al.), 
from 154 East Tupper north to 159 
Goodell. 

Efner, from 100 Georgia northwest 
to 46 Hudson. 

Eggert, from 387 Sugar, north to 
• city limits. 

Ehle, from 88 Wick, west to 80 Lid- 
dell. 

Eighteenth, from 516 Connecticut 
northwest to 289 W. Ferry. Changed 
to Ripley Pl. 

Eighteenth, from 429 Rhode 
Island northwest to 389 West Ferry, 

Flam Pl., from 2430 Main west to 
Crescent Ave. 

Eleventh, changed to West. 

Eley, (formerly Englewood Ave.), 
from 3276 Main northwest to north 
city line. 

Eley Pl., from Englewood Ave. 
east to Montrose, fifth south of Ken- 
more Ave. 

Elgas, from Esser Ave. north to 
O'Neil, seventh east of Tonawanda. 



Elizabeth, from 256 Seymour north- 
east to Eagle. 

Elk, from 73 Ohio east to junction 
with 1627 Seneca. 

Ellen Ave., from Hemenway north 
to Genesee, first west of east city line. 

Ellicott, from 60 Exchange north 
to 45 Riley. 

Ellicott Turnpike, changed to 
Kensington Ave. 

Ellsworth Ave., from Delaware 
Ave. east to Virgil, third north of 
Hertel Ave. 

Ellsworth Ave., from Main north 
to north city line. 

Elm, from 124 Swan, north to 117 
Best. 

Elmwood a v. from 392 Virginia 
to Kenmore Ave. 

Elsie Pl., from 193 Purdy, south- 
east to 50 Alexander Place. 

Emerson, (formerly Linden Ave.) 
from Eley west to Crosby PL, first 
south of Kenmore Ave. 

Emerson Pl., from 1457 Michigan, 
east to 396 Masten. 

Emily, changed to Greenwood Ave. 

Emma Pl., from 68 Juliet to 57 Rano 
Ave. 

Empire Av.i (formerly Harrison 
Ave.) from 79 Miller Ave., east to 70 
Koons Ave. 

Emslie, from 758 Seneca, north to 
679 Broadway. 

Emson, see Imson. 
Englewood Ave. , see Eley. 
Ensign, from Katharine opp. Union 
Iron Mills, east to Buffalo River. 

Erb, from 2150 Genesee, north to 
1501 E. Delavan Ave. 

Ericson, from 1185 E. Delavan 
Ave., south 500 feet. 

Erie, from 308 Main, southwest to 
134 Water. 



STR 



130 



Erie Canal, from 112 Main, north- 
west to city limits. 

EssER, from Niagara, easttoSkillen, 
sixth north of Ontario. 

Essex, from 530 Rhode Island, north 
to 511 Massachusetts. 

Euclid, from Bailey Ave., east, be- 
tween Lovejoy and William. Changed 
to Hennepin. 

Euclid Ave., from 406 LeRoy Ave , 
north to south line of lot 44. Changed 
to Richlawn Ave. 

Euclid Pl., from 769 Elk, south to 
Abbott Road. 

Eugene, from D. L. & W. R. R. 
north to Kenmore Ave., first west of 
Delaware Ave. 

Eureka Pl., (formerly German,) 
from 338 Sycamore, north to 421 Gene- 
see. 

Evadene, from Eley, east to Mont- 
rose, fourth south of Kenmore Ave. 

Evans, from 69 Water, north to 82 
Terrace. 

Evans Ship Canal, from Peacock, 
west to Buffalo River. 

Evelyn Ave., from Esser Ave., 
southwest to Clarion Pl., sixth east 
of Tonawanda. 

Exchange, from 177 Main east to 
junction with Seneca. 

Exeter Ave., from Hertel Ave. 
north to Taunton Ave., sixth east of 
Delaware Ave. 

Express, from 222 Pearl west to 121 
Franklin. 

Fairchild Pl. (formerly Stanley 
Pl.,) from Hertel Ave., south to Al- 
gonquin, first east of Delaware Ave. 

Fairfield, from 2470 Main north- 
west to 1625 Amherst. 

Fakir, from 98 East Forest Ave. 
east to Steele. 

Fargo Ave., from 234 Hudson 
northwest to 1075 Niagara. 



Farmer, from Erie Canal near 2047 
Niagara east to 442 Tonawanda. 

Faxon, from 1552 Clinton north 
1000 feet, first west of Bailt-y Ave. 

Fay (formerly Leo Ave. ) from Wal- 
den Ave. south to West Shore R. R., 
first west of Bailey Ave. 

Federal Ave. (formerly Livingston 
Ave.) from Kensington Ave. north, 
second northeast of Le Roy. 

Fell Al., from 181 Virginia south- 
east to 176 Carolina. 

Fenton, from Clinton south to 
Buffalo Creek, fourth east of Weiss. 

Ferguson Ave., from 107 Herkimer 
east to Grant, between Ferry and 
Breckenridge. 

Ferry, East, from 1531 Main east 
to 1808 Bailey Ave. 

Ferry, West, from Erie Canal 
to 1530 Main. 

Fifteenth, from 141 York north- 
west to 273 Hampshire. 

Fifth, from 257 Court northwest to 
79 Pennsylvania. 

Fillmore Ave., from 899 Seneca 
north to 2551 Main. 

Fischer, from Genesee north to * 
1490 East Delavan Ave., second west 
of city line. 

Fisher, from 1396 Elk, north to 
1529 Seneca. Changed to Keppel. 

Fisher, from Grant east to Rees, 
third north of West Forest Ave. 

Fitch, from 15 Myrtle, south one- 
half block to 198 Seneca. 

Fitzgerald, from N. Y., L. E. & 
W. Ry. north to 559 Elk. 

Fitzgerald Ave., from St. Law- 
rence Avenue north to Kenmore Ave., 
fifth east of Colvin. 

Fleming (formerly Norton), from 
Metcalf east to Babcock, first north of 
Clinton. 

Fletcher, from 1076 Hamburg 
Turnpike, east to L. S. Ry. 



131 



STR 



Flint, from LeRoy Ave. north to 
Rodney, second east of Fillmore Ave. 
Changed to Hill. 

Florence Ave., from 2240 Main 
northwest to Parkside. 

Florence Pl., from Kenmore Ave. 
south 500 feet, second west of Dela- 
ware Ave. 

Florida, from 1769 Main east to 
547 Humboldt Parkway. 

Floss Ave., from Genesee north to 
Lang Ave., fifth east of Bailey Ave. 

Flower Ave. (formerly Lautz 
Ave.), from Tyler to N. Y., L. E. & 
W. Ry, first west of Main, near Inter- 
national Junction. 

Fly, from 8 Maiden Lane northwest 
to 22 Evans. 

FoLGER, from 840 Tifft northwest 
about 500 feet, second west of South 
Park Ave. 

FoLSOM, changed to Myrtle. 

Fordham Pl., from East Forest 
Avenue north to LeRoy Ave., second 
east of Fillmore Ave. 

Forest Ave., from 2270 Main east 
to Kensington Ave. 

Forest Ave., west from Erie Canal 
near 1589 Niagara east to 1616 Dela- 
ware Ave. 

FoRMAN Pl., first north of Doat, 
running northwest to Bell Ave. 

Fort, from Erie Canal east to 970 
Niagara. 

Fort Porter, on triangle bounded 
by Vermont, Front Ave. and Erie 
Canal. 

Fougeron, from 69 Fillmore Ave., 
east to i486 Genesee. 

Foundry, from Hertel Ave., north 
to Gladstone Ave., first east of N. Y. 
C. R. R. tracks. 

Fourteenth, from 383 Pennsyl- 
vania, northwest to 237 Hampshire. 

Fourth, from 275 West Genesee, 
northwest to half block north of Mary- 



land, and from Pennsylvania to 52 
Porter Ave,, one block east of Erie 
Canal. 

Fox, from 766 Broadway, north to 
559 Best. 

Frank Ave., from Mineral Springs 
Road, southeast to Zittel, second north 
of Seneca. 

Frankfort Ave., from Warwick 
Ave., north of Bayfield, fifth east of 
Norfolk Ave. 

Franklin, from 63 Terrace, north 
to North. 

Fremont Pl., from 392 Virginia, 
north to 210 West North, changed to 
Elmwood Ave. 

French, from 147 Ave. A, east to 
244 Moselle. 

Freund, from Genesee, north to 
1455 East Delavan Ave., third west of 
east city line. 

Frey Pl., from 1679 Main, east to 
Masten, first south of Puffer. 

Fritz Al., from Emslie, east to 
Clare, first north of Clinton. 

Front, first from foot of Main, east 
to Clark & Skinner Ship Canal, also 
west to Commercial slip. 

Front Ave., (formerly Sixth), from 
215 Court northwest to 979 Niagara. 

Fuller, from 74 Ontario, near 2261 
Niagara, north to north line of lot 60. 

Fulton, from 87 Michigan, east to 
278 Smith. 

Gallatin Ave., (formerly Cornell), 
from Martin Ave., northwest to On- 
tario, first east of Tonawanda. 

Galloway, from 83 Buffum, near 
2215 Seneca, southeast to Winchester 
Ave. 

Galvin, from Kenmore Ave., about 
500 feet south, second east of Elm- 
wood Ave. 

Ganson, from 17 Hamburg Turn- 
pike, northwest to Peck slip, opposite 
foot of Main. 



STR 



132 



Garden, from 292 Carolina, north 
to 363 Virginia. 

Garfield, from 2125 Niagara, east 
to 149 Tonawanda. 

Garfield, from 1612 William, north 
to 1821 Broadway, changed to Ideal. 

Garvey Ave., from 399 Hopkins, 
east, second north of Tifft. 

Gatchell, from 1620 Broadway, 
north to West Shore R'y crossing. 

Gay, from 487 Michigan, northeast 
to Potter. 

Geary, from Seneca, northeast to 
Frank Ave., third south of Mineral 
Springs Road. 

Gelston, from 83 W. Ferry, north 
to 17 Bouck Ave. 

Genesee, from 539 Main, northeast 
to city limits. 

Genesee, west, from 522 Main, 
southwest to Lake Erie. 

Geneva, from 390 Curtiss, west to 
West Shore R. R. 

Geoffrey Pl., from 344 South 
Park Ave., to proposed Boulevard, 
first south of Abbott Road. 

George, from 208 Mortimer to 350 
feet east of Jefferson. 

Georgia, from Lake Erie, east to 
junction of Chippewa and Whitney 
Place. 

Gerhardt, from 412 Best, north 
to 377 Northampton. 

Germain, from 422 Amherst, south 
to Scajaquada creek and north to 
Grote, first west of Grant. 

German, changed to Eureka Place. 

Germania, second west of Hopkins, 
from Abbott Road, south to Tifft. 

Gesl, from Fillmore Ave., west to 
Pauline, first north of Steele. 

Gibson, from Curtiss, north to 
Broadway, second east of Fillmore 
Avenue. 



Gilbert, from Jordan Ave., north 
through 1280 Clinton to Erie R'y, 
second east of Babcock. 

Gillette Ave., from 390 EastDel- 
avan Ave., north to Oak Grove Ave., 
first east of Humboldt Parkway. 

Girard Pl., from Humboldt Park- 
way, east to 60 Fillmore Ave., north 
of Parade grounds. 

GiSEL,, from 1707 Bailey Avenue, 
east to N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R., first 
south of Genesee. 

GiTTERE, from 251 Walden Ave., 
south to railroad trestles, second east 
of N. Y. C. Belt Line. 

Gladstone, from Military Road, 
west to N. Y. Central R. R., first north 
of Hertel Ave. 

Glendale Pl., from 2095 Main, 
east to Humboldt Parkway, first south- 
west of Humboldt Parkway. 

Glenwood Ave., from 1433 Main, 
east to Humboldt Parkway, also from 
Fillmore Ave. east to N. Y. C Belt 
Line. 

Glor, from 88 MiHtary Road, north 
to 329 Austin, also north of Austin to 
N. Y. C. R. R. 

Goembel Ave., from Walden Ave., 
north about 2,000 feet, second west of 
Bailey Ave. 

Goethe, from 1750 William, north 
to Broadway. 

Gold, from 1648 William, north to 
Broadway. 

Good Ave., from 629 Hopkins, 
east and northeast to 865 Abbott 
Road. 

Goodell, from 785 Main, east to 88 
Cherry. 

Goodell Al., changed to Edwin 
PL 

Goodliffe, from 67 Hopkins, east 
to South Park Ave., third north of Ma- 
nila. 

GoRSKi,from Clinton, south to Buff"- 
alo Creek, first west of Weiss. 



133 



STR 



GoODLiN Al., from 665 Virginia, 
north to 98 Carlton. 

Goodrich, from loii Main, east to 
794 Michigan. 

Goodyear Ave., from 1432 Broad- 
way, north to Genesee. 

GoRHAM, from 1106 Elk, north to 
1 171 Perry. 

Gorton, from 144 Amherst, north 
to 145 Hertel Ave. 

Grace, from 2107 Niagara, to Cor- 
nelius Creek. 

Grace Ave., changed to Pembina 
Ave. 

Grace Pl., from Dexter, north to 
Lyth PL, first east of Purdy. 

Grand, from Miller, northeast to N. 
Y., L. E. & W. R'y. Changed to 
Ashley. 

Graham Ave., from Mineral 
Springs Road, south to W. N. Y. & 
P. R. R., second southwest of city 
line. 

Granger, from 307 Chicago, east to 
Ohio Slip. 

Granger Pl., from Bird Ave., 
north to West Forest Ave., first east 
of Elmwood Ave. 

Grant, from junction of Hamp- 
shire and Arkansas, north to Scaja- 
quada Creek, and from 375 Amherst, 
northeast to 151 Military Road. 

Grape, from 248 Cherry, north to 
349 Best. 

Gratiot Ave. (formerly Summit 
View Ave.), from 970 Grider, east to 
Wyoming. 

Greeley Ave., from Hertel Ave., 
north to Race, fifth east of Military 
Road. 

Green, from 146 Washington, east 
to 212 Michigan. 

Greene, from 1542 William, north 
to 1763 Broadway. 

Greenfield, from Elam PL, near 
2430 Main, northwest to 1540 Amherst. 



Greenwood (formerly Emily), from 
250 Bouck Ave., north to 287 Potomac 
Ave. 

Grey, from 668 Broadway north to 
High. 

Grider, from 940 East Ferry, north 
to 780 Delavan Ave , to LeRoy Ave. 

Griffin, from 160 Roseville, to 823 
Seneca. 

Grimes, from 201 Clarke, east to 
174 Playter, and from 31 Young to 
west line of lot 50. 

Griswold ( formerly Humboldt), 
from 313 Weiss, east to east city line, 
first north of Clinton. 

Grosvenor, from 30 Seymour, 
north to 624 Eagle. 

Grote, second south of N. Y. C. 
Belt Line, from 201 Military Road, east 
to Ex. & L. B. R. R. 

Grove, from Hertel Ave., north 
to Kenmore Ave., (nortli city line,) 
fourth east of Military Road. 

Guilford, from 832 Broadway, 
north to 669 Best. 

Gull, from Erie Canal, east to 1144 
Niagara. 

Gunnell, from St. Lawrence Ave., 
north to Kenmore Ave. (north city 
line), eighth east of Colvin 

Gurnsey, from 114 Austin, north- 
west to no Hertel Ave. 

Hagen, from 1301 East Delavan 
Ave., south about 1,000 feet. Changed 
to Rumsey 

Hager. from 313 Puffer, north to 
240 East Delavan Ave. 

Hagerman, from 682 Swan, north 
to 112 Seymour. 

H ALBERT, from Gesl, north to 17 
Rodney, first east of N. Y. C. Belt 
Line. 

Hamburg, from 159 South, north to 
551 Seneca. 



STR 



134 



Hamburgh Canal, from Commer- 
cial, east to 385 Hamburgh. 

Hamburgh Turnpike, from Buffa- 
lo River and 549 Ohio, south to city 
limits. 

Hamilton, from Erie Canal, east to 
300 Tonawanda, crosses Niagara at 
1917. 

Hamill Al., from 205 Chicago, east 
to rear 135 Fulton. 

Hammerschmidt Pl., from 182 1 
Seneca, to Cazenovia Creek. 

Hampshire, from 940 Front Ave., 
northeast to junction Ferry and Hoyt. 

Hancock Ave., from B. R. & P. R. 
R., to Hopkins. Changed to Beacon. 

Handel Al., from 409 High, to 415 
Best. 

Hannah, from 1125 William, south 
to Babcock. 

Hanover, from Prime, northeast to 
106 Main. 

Harlow Pl., from Purdy, east to 
Alexander PL, first north of East 
Ferry. 

Harmonia, from 1046 Sycamore, 
north to Walden Ave. 

Harold Ave., from 296 Rano, 
northwest to Chaddock Ave., sixth 
east of Tonawanda. 

Harriet (^formerly Weber), from 
1405 East Delavan Ave., nor to Sugar, 
fourth east of Bailey Ave. 

Harrington Ave., from Ontario, 
northwest to Esser, ninth east of Ton- 
awanda. 

Harrison, from Miller Ave., east 
to Koons Ave., first south of Syca- 
mour. Changed to Empire. 

Harrison, from 1262 Perry, north 
to W. N. Y. & P. R. R. tracks. 

Harrison Ave., from 600 East 
Delavan Ave., south to N. Y. C. Belt 
Line, fourth east of Fillmore Ave. 

Harrison Pl., from Sessions Ave., 



north to Villa Ave., third east of Del- 
aware Ave. Changed to Medford Pl. 

Hartman Pl., from Grace, north 
to Arthur, second east of Niagara. 

Harvard Pl. (formerly Michigan), 
from 1 6 14 Main, north to 993 West 
Delavan Ave. 

Harvard Pl., from Mendola to 
Kensington Ave. Changed to Palos 
Pl. 

Harvest Ave. (formerly Hopman) 
from St. Lawrence Ave., to Kenmore 
Ave. (north city line), tenth east of 
Colvin. 

Harvey Pl., from 125 Abbott Road, 
south to Stephens PL, third west of 
Smith. 

Harwood Pl. , from Jefferson east, 
first south of Puffer, to Buffalo Driv- 
ing Park. 

Hatch Slip, opposite foot of Mis- 
sissippi. 

Hauf, from 355 Utica, north to 353 
Glenwood Ave. 

Haven, from Genesee, north to 
Scajaquada Creek, first east of Bailey 
Ave. 

Hawlby, from 220 Forest Ave., 
north to Letchworth. 

Hawthorne, from Chaucer, north 
to Kenmore Ave. (north city line), sec- 
ond west of N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R. 
Creek. 

Hawthorne Pl., from Massachu- 
setts, north to Hampshire. Changed 
to Lawrence PL 

Hayden (formerly Eckhart), from 
Seneca to Mineral Springs Road, first 
southeast of Mineral Springs Road. 

Hayward, from 350 Elk, north to 
Otto. 

Hazlewood Ave., from 1390 East 
Delavan Ave., north to Sugar, second 
east of Bailey Ave. 

Heacock, from 649 Scott, north to 
645 Seneca. 



135 



STR 



Heath, from Main west to N.Y., L. 
E. & W. R. R., second north of Hertel 
Ave. 

Hecla Ave. (formerly Byron), from 
Chaucer, north to Kenmore Ave. 
(north citvHne), third west of N. Y., 
L. E. 8z W. R. R. Creek. 

Hedley Pl., from Jefferson, east to 
Oak Grove Ave., first north of East 
Delavan Ave. 

Helen, from 147 Dewitt, to 298 
Herkimer. 

Helen, from east city line, south to 
Cazenovia Creek, first south of Seneca. 

Hemenway, from Zelmer, east to 
city line, first south of Genesee. 

Hendricks, from Main, west toD., 
L. & W. R. R., fourth north of Hertel 
Ave. Changed to Merrimac. 

Hennepin (formerly Euclid), from 
Bailey Ave., east to Greene, third 
north of William. 

Henkicka, from iisiWilliam, south- 
west to 959 Babcock. 

Henrietta Ave., from Ontario, 
northwest to 225 Esser, ninth east of 
Tonauanda. 

Henry, from Erie Canal, west to 
160 Terrace. 

Henry Pl., from Kenmore Ave. 
(north city line), south about 500 feet, 
second west of Elmwood Ave. 

Herbert Ave., from 1135 Puffer 
north to 1055 East Delavan Ave. 

Herbert Pl., from Kenmore Ave. 
(north city line), south about 500 feet, 
first west of Delaware Ave. 

Herkimer, from 215 Albany, north 
to 181 Bird Ave. 

Herman, from 800 Broadway, north 
to 663 Best. 

Hersee Al. (formerly Koons Al.), 
from 255 Ellicott, east to 168 Oak. 

Hertel Ave., from Niagara River, 
near 2979 Niagara, northeast and east 
to 3024 Main. 



Hertel Ave., east of Main. See 
East Hertel Ave. 

Heussey Ave., from 866 Abbott 
Road, north to Buffalo Creek, second 
west of South Park Ave. 

Heward, from Fuller, east to Ton- 
awanda, first north of Ontario. 

Hewitt, from Range Ave., east to 
Bailey Ave., first south of East Hertel 
Ave. 

Hibbard, changed to Plymouth 
Ave. 

Hickman Ave., from 1532 Delavan 
Ave., north to south Hne of lot 45. 

Hickory, from 417 Swan, north and 
northwest to 89 Cherry. » 

High, from 975 Main, east to 881 
Genesee. 

Highland Ave., from about iioo 
Delaware Ave., west to Richmond 
Ave. 

Highland Pl., from East Forest 
Ave., north to LeRoy Ave. Changed 
to Worcester Pl. 

Hill, from LeRoy Ave., north to 
Rodney, second east of Fillmore Ave. 

Hillery Ave., from Mineral Springs 
Road, southeast about 1000 feet, first 
southwest of W. N. Y. & P. R. R. 
crossing. 

Hillery Pl., from 3275 Main, east 
to Bailey Ave. 

Hilton, from 242 Curtiss, north to 
Lovejoy. 

Hines (formerly Dalton), from 32 
Downing, south about 500 feet, first 
east of South Park Ave. 

HiNMAN Ave., from 2660 Delaware 
Ave., east to Grove. 

Hiram, from 758 East Ferry, north 
to 560 East Delavan Ave. 

Hirschbeck, from 1568 Broadway, 
north to West Shore R. R. 

Hodge, from about 355 Vermont, 
northwest to Rhode Island. Changed 
to Lowell Pl. 



STR 



136 



Hodge Ave., from 953 Delaware 
Ave., west to Ashland Ave. 

Hoffman Al., from 93 Hamilton, 
south and from 96 Hamilton, north to 
99 Austin. 

Hoffman Ave., changed to Key- 
stone Ave. 

HoLBORN (formerly Windsor), from 
Olymptic Ave., east to Bailey Ave., 
second north of East Delavan Ave. 

HoLDEN, from East Forest Ave., 
north to Rodney, first east of Fillmore 
Ave. 

Holland Pl. (formerly North Elm) 
from 66 Northampton, north to Riley, 
second east of Main. 

HoLLiSTER, from 399 Spring, north- 
east to Mortimer. 

HoLLEY, from Buffalo Creek, to 
Clinton, fifth east of Weiss. 

Hollywood Aye., from 260 Boule- 
vard, east to 1739 Abbott Road. 

Holt, from 150 Lewis, west to In- 
dian Reservation line, and east to lot 
57, first south of Holly. 

Homer Ave., from Hertel Ave., 
north to Tacoma Ave., second east of 
Delaware Ave. 

Hopkins, from 208 Marilla, north to 
711 Abbott Road. 

HoPMAN, from St. Lawrence Ave., 
north to Kenmore Ave. Changed to 
Harvest. 

Horning Pl., from Kenmore Ave. 
(north city line), south about 500 feet, 
fourth west of Elmwood Ave. 

Houghton, from 1163 Broadway, 
south to Kent, (formerly Arlington). 
Houston, from 553 Hopkins, east. 

Howard, from 305 Jefferson, east 
to 422 Bailey Ave. 

Howard Ave., from 313 Summer, 
north. Changed to Norwood Ave. 

Howell, from 472 Amherst, north 
to Chandler, also south to Scajaquada 
Creek. 



Howlett, (formerly Ullman), from 
Walden Ave., south through 1148 
Sycamore to West Shore R. R. Yards, 
first east of N. Y. C. Belt Line. 

HoYER Pl., from Sessions Ave., 
north to Villa Ave., second east of 
Delaware Ave. 

HoYT, from 356 West Ferry, north 
to 341 West Forest Ave. 

HuBBELL Ave., from 430 South 
Park Ave., east to 780 Boulevard. 

Hudson, from Erie Canal, north- 
east to 28 Wads worth. Crosses Niag- 
ara at 462. 

Hughes, (formerly Parkway Ave.) 
from Jefferson, east to Oak Grove 
Ave., third north of East Delavan 
Ave. 

HuMBER Ave., from 835 East Dela- 
van Ave., north to Sussex Ave., third 
east of Grider. 

Humboldt Al., changed to Gris- 
wold. 

Humboldt Parkway, from the 
Park, southwest to the Parade. Cross- 
es Main at 2100. 

Humboldt Pl., from Main, east to 
Humboldt Parkway, changed to East- 
wood Pl. 

Hunt Ave., from 1729 Tonawanda, 
east to Norman Ave. 

Huntingdon Ave., from East Del- 
avan Ave., north to Kensington Ave. 
Changed to Dearfield. 

Huntington, from Ellsworth, north 
to north city line, near Main. 

Huntington Ave , from Main, west 

to Parkside Ave., fourth north of 
Amherst. 

HuRLBURT, from 50 South Park 
Ave., west to W. N. Y. & P. R. R., 
first north of south city line. 

Huron, East, from 543 Main, east 
to 238 Oak. 

Huron, West, from 544 Main, west 
to 193 Niagara. 



137 



STR 



Hydraulic, from 745 Scott, north 
to 783 Seneca. 

Idaho, from Military Road, west to 
N. Y. C. R. R., fifth north of Hertel 
Ave. 

Ideal (formerly Garfield) from 1588 
William, north to Broadway, third east 
of Bailey Ave. 

Illinois, from Buffalo River, north 
to 67 Scott. 

Imson, from 1224 Seneca, north to 
W. N. Y. & P. R. R., and south and 
west to Babcock. 

Indian Church Road, changed to 
Winchester Ave. 

Indian Reservation Line, from 
Buffalo River about 500 feet, east of 
Hamburg, northeast in a straight line 
along Fillmore Ave. to North Division 
and Eagle, to the angle in Clinton, and 
to the center of William. 

Indiana, from Buffalo River, north 
to 41 Perry. 

Inkerman, from South Park Ave., 
east to Abbott Road. Changed to 
W^oodside. 

International Park Ave., from 
Humboldt Parkway, east to Fillmore 
Ave. , first north of East Ferry. 

In wood Pl., from 25 Windsor Ave., 
east to Delaware Ave. 

Iroquois (formerly Cleveland), from 
452 West Ferry, north to Brecken- 
ridge. 

Irving Pl., from 135 Allen, north 
to 152 North. 

Irvington Ave., from Warwick 
Ave., north to Bayfield, second east of 
Norfolk. 

Island, No. i in lot 11 and No. 2 in 
lot I, northeast of the junction of 
White's Corners Road and Buffalo 
Aurora Plank Road. 

Ithica Pl. (formerly Dold), from 
Tifft, south to Whitefield Ave., first 
east of South Park Ave. 



Ivy (formerly Oakland Ave.), from 
Walden Ave., north to Genesee, third, 
east of N. Y. C. Belt Line. 

Jackson, from 143 Church, north to 
Court Pl. 

James, from 135 Emslie, east to 195 
Fillmore Ave. 

James, from 36 Military Road, north 
to 289 Austin. Changed to Clay. 

Jane, from from Erie, northwest to 
Coit Basin. 

Jar vis, from Hertel Ave., north to 
Race, first east of Elmwood Ave. 

Jefferson, from 599 Exchange, 
north to 1975 Main. 

Jefferson Al., from 797 Jefferson, 
east between Virginia and Carlton. 

Jehle, from 570 Doat, north to Sca- 
jaquada Creek, first west of east city 
line. 

Jerry, changed to Olga Pl. 

Jersey, from Lake Erie, northeast 
to 56 Richmand Ave, Crosses Niagara 

at 585 

Jessemin, from 751 Grant, east to 
238 Reese. 

Jewett Al., from 13 Elk, north to 
81 Perry. 

Jewett Ave., East, from 2421 Main, 
east to 1006 Fillmore Ave. 

Jewett Ave., W^est, fron 2420 Main, 
west to the Park. 

John, from 14 West Seneca, south 
400 feet. 

Johnson, from 700 Broadway, north 
to 529 Best. 

Johnson Ave., from Kerns Ave., 
to Lang Ave. Changed to Texas Ave. 

Johnson Park, formerly Johnson's 
Pl. and Park Pl.) from 274 Delaware 
Ave. , west to 247 Carolina. 

Jones, from 1000 Clinton, north to 
Lyman. 

Jordan Ave., (formerly Blank Ave.) 
from 360 Babcock, east to Scoville 
Ave. 



STR 



138 



Jordan Pl., from Seneca, north- 
east to Buifalo Creek, first southeast 
of Buffalo Creek bridge. 

Joseph, from Kensington Ave., 
west, first south of East Forest Ave. 

Josephine, from Northampton, 
north to Urban, third west of N. Y. C. 
Belt Line. 

JosiA Pl., from 397 South Park Ave., 
west to 216 Triangle. 

JosLYN Pl., from 340 Austin, north 
to Cornelius Creek. 

JOY, from 118 Water, west to Erie 
Basin, 

Juliet, from Tonavvanda, south- 
east to D. L. & W. R. R., first 
south of Cornelius Creek 

Julius, from 143 Downing, south 
500 feet, fourth east of South Park 
Ave. 

Juniata Ave., from 1780 Seneca, 
northeast to Buffalo Creek. 

Kamper Ave., from 2100 Seneca, 
northeast to Frank Ave. 

Kane, from 400 Sycamore, north to 
495 Genesee. 

Kasota Ave., from Bangor PL, 
north to Villa Ave., second west of 
Colvin. 

Katharine, from Union Iron Works, 
north to 527 Elk. 

Keep Al., from 336 Virginia, east 
and northeast to 43 Twelfth. 

Kehr, from Genesee, north to 
Ferry, about eight blocks north of 
Belt Line R. R. 

Keil, from 268 Amherst, north to 
261 Austin. 

Keim, from 1175 Elk, north to Perry, 
fourth east of Babcock. 

Kenilworth. from Norfolk Ave., 
east to Bailey Ave. Changed to 
Beverly Ave. 

Kenilworth, from Main to north 
city line, first north of Eley. (Engle- 
wood Ave.) 



Kenmore Ave., (north city line,) 
from Main, west to O'Neil. 

Kennard Ave., from Bangor PL, 
north to Kenmore Ave., third east of 
Colvin. 

Kensington Ave. (formerly Elli- 
cott Turnpike) from 767 Fillmore Ave. 
to east city line. 

Kent, from 61 Sweet Ave., east to 
Houghton. 

Kentucky, from 42 St. Clair, north 
to 141 Mackinaw. 

Keppel (formerly Fisher), from 1396 
Elk, north to Seneca, first east of 
Bailey Ave. 

Kerns Ave., from Bailey, east to 
Newburgh Ave., first north of Gene- 
see. 

Kertz, see Condon Ave. 

Ketchum, changed to Neptune. 

Ketchum Pl., from 409 Jersey, 
northwest to York. 

Keystone (formerly Hoffman and 
Arthur), from 700 Walden Ave., north 
to Doat, and south from 697 Walden 
Ave., to W. S. R. R. 

Kiefer, from 106 Walden Ave., 
north to 1267 Genesee. 

KiLLHOFFER, from Genesee, north 
to Puffer, third west of Bailey Ave. 

KiMMEL Ave., from 890 Abbott 
Road, north to Buffalo Creek, second 
east of Bailey Ave. 

King, from 1881 Broadway to Bailey 
Ave. along N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. 

KiNGSLEY. from 1 22 1 Jefferson, east 
to Humboldt Parkway. 

KiRKPATRiCK, (formerly Spencer), 
from Herbert, east to Bailey Ave., 
first south of East Delavan Ave. 

Klaus, from Metcalf, east to Jones, 
second north of Clinton. 

Knoerl Ave., from Seneca, south- 
west to Cazenovia Creek, first south of 
Mineral Springs Road. 



139 



STR 



Knox, from Delaware Ave., east to 
Virgil Ave., second north of Hertel 
Ave. 

KoFLER Ave., from Military Road, 
east to Clayton, fourth north of Hertel 
Ave. 

KooNS Al., changed to Hersee Al. 

KooNS Ave., from 1458 Broadway, 
north to Genesee. 

KosciuszKO, from 1190 Broadway, 
north to Sycamore. 

KozLOWAKi, from Piatti, south to 
Scajaquada Creek, (bet. Yates and 
Nelson.) 

Krettner, from 162 Howard, north 
to 717 Broadway. 

Krupp, from 1381 Broadway, south 
to N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. yards. 

KuEMPLER Ave., from 1354 Broad- 
way, north to W. S. R. R. 

Laban Al., from 85 Lord, west to 
Grosvenor. 

Lackawanna, from Germania,west 
through 327 Abby, to B. R. & P. R.R. 

Lacy, from 49 St. Clair, south to 
Buffalo River. 

Lafayette, from 447 Main, east to 
junction Washington and Broadway. 

LaForce Pl., from Hertel Ave., 
north about 500 feet, first east of Mili- 
tary Road. 

Laird Ave., from 921 Tonawanda, 
east to Laird. 

Lake, from Erie Basin, east to 84 
River, also from 100 Main, west to 
Commercial. 

Lakeview Ave., from 79 Pennsyl- 
vania and 419 Fifth, northwest to 147 
Porter Ave. 

Lakewood Ave., from 1095 Abbott 
Road, southwest to 805 Boulevard, 
then west to 372 Lakewood Ave. 

Lamont Pl., from 112 Ontario, 
north to Heward, second east of Niag- 
ara. 



Lancaster Ave., from 1295 Dela- 
ware Ave., to 724 Elm wood Ave. 

Landon, from 1287 Jefferson, east 
to Fillmore Ave. 

Lang Ave., from Bailey Ave., east 
to Weber, third north of Genesee. 

Lansing, from Military Road, west 
to Joslyn PL, first north of Austin. 

Lark, from Sidney, north to Scaja- 
quada Creek, first east of Humboldt 
Parkway. 

Larrabee, from 43 Hopkins, east 
to South Park Ave., second north of 
Marilla. 

LaSalle Ave., from Main to Bailey 
Ave., first north of Hertel Ave. 

Lathrop, from 1220 Broadway, 
north to 167 Walden Ave. 

Latour, from 74 Walden Ave., 
north to 1229 Genesee. 

Laurel, from 1352 Michigan, east 
to 1290 Jefferson. 

Lautz, from Tyler, to Angle. 
Changed to Flower. 

Laux, from 1130 Clinton, north to 
125 Norton. 

Lawlin Pl., changed to Baynes. 

Lawn Ave., from 70 Norris Ave. to 
Military Road, first north of Hertel 
Ave. 

Lawrence Ave., from 1283 Abbott 
Road, southwest to 600 Boulevard, 

Lawrence Pl., (formerly Haw- 
thorn Pl. and Sixteenth), from Massa- 
chusetts, north to 311 Hampshire. 

Layer Ave., from Military Road 
to 98 Clayton, third north of Hertel 
Ave. 

LeCouteulx, from 61 Water to 
106 Canal. 

Ledger, from Hertel Ave., south 
to N. Y. C. R. R. (Belt Line), midway 
between Elmwood Ave. and Dela- 
ware Ave. 

Lee, from 344 Abbott Road, north 
to 933 Elk. 



STR 



140 



Lehigh, from 405 Ding^ens, north 
to William. Changed to Gambia. 

Lehigh, from Marilia, north about 
1,000 feet, second west of Hopkins. 

Lehigh Ave., from B., R. & P. 
R. R., east to 494 Hopkins. 

Lemon, from 140 Cherry, north to 
267 East North. 

Lennox Ave., from Mineral Springs 
Road, south to W. N Y. & P. R. R., 
first west of east city line. 

Lenox, from Kensington Ave.. north 
to Alvin Ave., first west of Bailey 
Ave. 

Lenox Ave., from Orleans, east to 
Eg£;ert, second south of Kensington 
Ave. 

Leo. from Walden Ave., south to 
W. S. R. R. Changed to Fay. 

Leo, from 1763 Genesee, to about 
500 feet south of Doat. Changed to 
Rawlins. 

LeRoy Ave., from 2340 Main, east 
to 370 Kensington Ave. 

] .ESLiE, from Genesee, north to 
Puffer, fourth west of Bailey Ave. 

Lester, from 1832 Seneca, north 
to B. N. Y. & P. R. R. 

Letchworth, from 156 ^Dart, east 
to 156 Reese. 

Lewis, from loii William, south- 
west to Clinton. 

Lewis Pl., from Sessions, north to 
Kenmore Ave. Changed to Winthrop 
Pl. 

Lexington Ave., fromjEuclid Ave., 
east to Liberty Ave., first north of 
LeRoy Ave. Changed to Shawnee. 

Lexington Ave., from 951 Abbott 
Road, northeast to Cazenovia Creek. 
Changed to Tamarack Ave. 

Lexington Ave., (formerly Buder) 
from 1064 Delaware Ave., west to 391 
Richmond Ave. 

Liberty Ave., from 442 Kensing- 



ton Ave., north to south line of Lot 
44. 

Liberty Ave., from Regina PL, 
east to Fillmore Ave. Changed to 
Mohican Ave. 

LiDDELL, from 1482 Broadway, 
north to W. S. R. R. 

Lincoln Ave., from B. R. & P. R. 
R., east to Hopkins. Changed to 
Mystic Ave. 

Lincoln Pkwy., from Soldiers' PL, 
north to the Park Lake. 

Linden Ave., from Starin Ave., 
west to Colvin, first north of Amherst. 

Linden Ave., from Eley to Crosby. 
Changed to Emerson. 

Linwood Ave., from 42 West 
North, north to 923 Delavan Ave. 

Lisbon, (formerly Columbue) from 
Main, east to Bailey Ave., third north 
of Hertel Ave. 

Litchfield, from Grider, east to 
Wyoming Ave., first north of East 
Delavan Ave. 

Little Ave., from Bailey Ave., 
east to Archer Ave., first north of 
Seneca. 

Livingston from 403 Bouck Ave., 
south to 495 Breckenridge. 

Livingston Ave., changed to 
Federal. 

Lloyd, from Buffalo River, north- 
east to 132 Main. 

Lock, from 92 Terrace, northwest 
to 128 Erie. 

Lockwood, changed to Smith. 

Locust, from 104 Cherry, north to 
241 east North. 

LoEPERE, from 1090 Broadway, 
north to Sycamore. 

Logan, from 41 Reservation, east 
through 29 Bridgeman to N. Y. C. 
Belt Line. 

Logan, from Military Road, west 
to N. Y. C. R. R. Changed to 
Say re. 



HI 



STR 



Logan Ave., from Genesee, north 
to Puffer. Changed to Zenner. 

Lombard., from 60 Curtiss, north to 
loii Broadway. 

LoNGNECKER, from 1574 WilHam, 
north to N. Y. C R. R. 

LoNGViEW Ave., from East Dela- 
van Ave., south to N. Y. C. R. R., 
third east of Fillmore Ave. 

Long Wharf, from foot of Com- 
mercial, west. 

Lord, from 822 Seneca, north to 
221 Howard. 

Loring Ave., from Main, east to 
Humboldt Parkway, first north of 
Jefferson. 

Louisiana, from Buffalo River, north 
to 375 Seneca. 

Louissen, from Northampton, north 
to 239 Fougeron. 

Love Al., from 70 Ohio, north to 
Perry. 

LovEjOY, from 477 Emslie, east to 
312 Curtiss, also from 897 Bailey Ave. 
to 161 Goethe and city limits. 

Lovering Ave., from Hertel Ave., 
north to Taunton Ave. , fourth east of 
Delaware Ave. 

Lowell, from 342 Vermont, north 
to 351 Rhode Island (formerly Hodge.) 

LuciNDA Pl., from 44 Juliet, north 
to 57 Rano Ave., first west of Tona- 
wanda. 

LuDiNGTON, from near 823 Bailey 
Ave., east to city limits. 

Lutheran, from 234 William, north 
to 359 Broadway. 

Lyman, from 131 Metcalf, east to 
159 Lewis. 

Lyth Pl. , from Purdy, east to Jef- 
ferson, first south of Puffer. 

MacCauley, from 337 South Park 
Ave., west to 150 Triangle. 

Mackinaw, from 250 Ohio, east to 
Indian Reservation line. 



Madison, from 586 Eagle, north to 
Brown. 

Maiden Lane, from 11 Water, east 
to Canal. 

Main, from Buffalo River, north to 
city limits. 

Main and Hamburgh Canal, from 
117 Main, east to Hamburgh. 

Malta Pl., (formerly Compromise 
Al.) from 312 Maryland, northwest to 
177 West Ave. 

Mandan, (formerly Carter) from 
Hertel Ave., south to Trost, first east 
of Elmwood Ave. 

Manhart, from Norfolk Ave., east 
to Bailey Ave., second north of War- 
wick Ave. 

Manhattan Ave , from East Dela- 
van Ave., north. Changed to Am- 
sterdam. 

Manhattan Ave., from 469 LeRoy 
Ave., north to Kensington Ave. thence 
east to D. L. & W. R. R. 

Manitoba, (formerly Oneida) from 
Gilbert, east to Baitz Ave., first north 
of Clinton, 

M ANTON Pl., from 148 Grote, north 
to 143 Chandler. 

Maple, from 34 Cherry, north to 
189 East North. 

Maple Ridge Ave., from Grider, 
east to Wyoming Ave., fourth north of 
East Delavan Ave. 

Margaret, from 178 Curtiss, north 
to Robert. 

Mariemont, from 794 South Park 
Ave., east about 2000 feet, first south 
of Woodside. 

Marigold, (formerly Pleasant Ave). 
from LeRoy Ave. , north to 1000 feet 
beyond Shawnee Ave., fourth east of 
Fillmore Ave. 

Marilla, from L. S. R. R. track, 
east to 961 South Park Ave. 

Mariner, from 370 Virginia, north 
to 234 West North. 



STR 



142 



Marion Ave., from Elm wood Ave., 
west 648 feet, first north of Amherst. 

Marjorte, from Seneca, northeast 
to city line, first northwest of city line. 

Mark, from 22 William, north to 
Gay. 

Market, see East Market. 

Markham Pl., from Sessions Ave., 
north to Villa Ave., first east of Dela- 
ware Ave. 

Marquette Pl., (formerly Milton 
PI.) from Olympic Ave., east to Ocean 
Ave., third north of East Delavan Ave. 

Marshall, from near 1300 Gene- 
see, north to Northampton. 

Martin Ave., from 691 Tona- 
wanda, east to 26 Mayer Ave. 

Marvin, from 172 Elk, north to 231 
Perry, 

Mary, from 41 Indiana, east to 
Illinois. 

Maryland, from Erie Canal, north- 
east to 52 College. Crosses Niagara 
at 397. 

Mason, from 16 Breckenridge, north 
to 19 Auburn Ave. 

Massachusetts, from 865 Front 
Ave,, northeast to 469 West Ferry. 

Masten, from 226 East North, north 
to 1750 Main. 

Mathews, from 227 Mortimer, east 
to Jefferson. 

Maurice, from Prenatt, north to 
1 1 41 Seneca. 

May, (formerly Doll, Doll Ave., and 
Philip), from West Shore Ave., north 
to Genesee, third west of Bailey Ave. 

Mayback Pl., from Jordan PL, 
northwest to Buffalo Creek, second 
north of Seneca. 

Mayer Ave., from 154 Rano Ave., 
northwest to 247 Ontario. 

Maynard, (formerly Webster) from 
428 West Ferry, north to 465 Brecken- 
ridge. 



McKibben, from Moselle, east to 
Koons Ave., first north of Walden 
Ave. 

McKiNLEY, from Babcock, east to 
Scoville Ave., first south of Clinton. 

McPherson, changed to Elmwood 
Ave. 

Mead Al., from 149 Eagle, south 
to 146 North Division. 

Mechanic, from Erie Canal, north 
to 216 Terrace. 

Medford Pl., (formerly Harrison 
PL), from Sessions Ave., north to 
Villa Ave., third east of Delaware 
Ave. 

Medina, from Church, west to Erie 
Canal, between Terrace and Genesee. 

Meech, from 472 Virginia, north to 
82 Allen. 

Meech Ave., from 210 East Dela- 
van Ave., north to Loring Ave. 

M e L d R u M , (formerly Whitney), 
from Elmwood Ave., west to N. Y. C. 
Belt Line, second north of Amherst. 

Melrose, from 11 20 Abbott Road, 
northeast to Cazenovia Creek. 

Melvin Pl., (formerly Sloan PL), 
from 1397 Elk, south to Buffalo Creek. 

M e N d o L A , (formerly Arlington 
Ave.), from Kensington Ave., east to 
Wyoming Ave,, first east of Grider. 

Meriden Ave., from 1340 Abbott 
Road, northeast to Cazenovia Creek. 

Merrimac, (formerly Hendricks), 
from Main, west to Angle, near north 
city line. 

Mesmer, from 400 South Park Ave., 
east to 745 Boulevard. 

Metcalf, from 975 Clinton, north- 
east to 895 William. 

Meteor Al., (formerly Anderson), 
from 71 Emslie, east to 60 Lord. 

Miami, from 196 Ohio, east to 203 
Hamburgh. 

Michigan, from Buffalo River, north 
to 993 Delavan Ave. 



143 



STR 



MiLBURN, from N.Y, C. R. R. yards, 
north to 1319 Broadway, third east of 
N. Y. C. Belt Line. 

Mildred ( formerly Alexander ), 
from Tyler, north to Eley, near north 
city line, third west of Main. 

MiLFORD, from 1186 Abbott Road, 
northeast to Cazenovia Creek, sixth 
southeast of South Park Ave. 

Military Road, from 282 Amherst 
north to city limits. 

Mill, changed to Railroad. 

Miller, from Broadway to N. Y. C. 
R. R.., eighth east of Belt Line R. R. 
Changed to Quincy. 

Miller, from Puffer north to 627 
Delavan Ave. Changed to Chelsea 
PI. 

Miller Ave., from Broadway, north 
to Sycamore, east of Belt Line R. R. 

Miller Pl., from Delaware Ave., 
south to Puffer. 

Mills, from 1028 Broadway, north 
to Genesee. 

Milnor, from 82 William, north to 
211 Broadway. 

Milton, from 1296 Seneca to B. N. 
Y. & P. R. R., also south from 1296 
Seneca to Lehigh Valley R. R. 

Milton Pl., from Olympic Ave. 
to Ocean Ave. Changed to Marquette. 
Pl. 

Mineral Springs Road, from 1940 
Seneca, northeast to city limits. 

Minnesota Ave. (formerly Summit 
Park Ave.), from Main, east to Bailey 
Ave., second north of East Hertel 
Ave. 

Minton, from Smith, east to Sel- 
kirk, between Perry and Exchange, 

Mississippi, from Buffalo River, 
north to 93 Scott. 

Moeller, from 1655 Bailley Ave., 
east to N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R. 

Mohawk, E., from 487 Main, east to 
246 EUicott, 



Mohawk, W., from 488 Main, west 
to 145 Wilkeson. 

Mohican Ave. (formerly Liberty 
Ave.), from Regina PL, east to Fill- 
more Ave., first south of East Delavan 
Ave. 

Mohr, from 1281 Broadway, south 
to N. Y. C. R. R. 

Monroe, from 641 Eagle, north 
to Brown. 

Montana, from 1620 Genesee, 
north to 1300 East Ferry, 

Montcalm, from Englewood Ave., 
east to Montrose, fourth south of Ken- 
more Ave. 

Montclare Ave., from 496 LeRoy 
Ave., north to Junction of LeRoy and 
Kensington Aves. 

Montgomery, from 874 Eagle, 
north to 305 Howard. 

Momtrose, from Kenmore Ave., 
(north city line.) south, first east of 
Eley. 

Moore, from 214 Ohio, north to 
153 Elk. 

Moreland, from Bailey Ave., east 
to Greene, first north of Lovejoy. 

Morgan, from 139 West Eagle, 
north to 142 West Chippewa. 

Morley Pl., from East Ferry, north 
about 500 feet , first east of Michigan. 

Morris Ave., from Main, west to 
Linden Ave., first north of Amherst. 

Morse, from Payson, east to Wight- 
man Ave., first north of Abbott Road. 

Mortimer, from 342 William, north 
to 199 Cherry. 

Morton, from 3226 Main, west to 
D. L. & W. R. R. 

Morton Pl., (formerly Weaver Al.) 
from 76 Goodell, north to 637 Virginia. 

Moselle, from 318 Walden Ave., 
north to 1059 East Ferry. 

MuGLEjR, from Seneca, southwest to 
Cazenovia Creek, fourth southeast of 
Mineral Springs Road. 



STR 



144 



Mulberry, from 68 Cherry, north 
to 215 East North. 

MuMFORD, from 1040 Abbott Road, 
northeast to Cazenovia Creek. 

Myers, from loio Genesee, north to 
745 Best. 

Myron Ave., from Villa Ave., 
north to Kenmore Ave., first east 
Delaware Ave. 

Myrtle Ave., from 309 Michigan, 
east to 86 Jefferson. 

Mystic, (formerly Lincoln) from 
B. R. & P. R. R., eastto 614 Hopkins. 

Navel Ave., from Bailey Ave., 
east to Newburgh Ave., second north 
of Genesee. 

Nelson, from 621 Amherst, south 
to Scajaquada Creek, 

Neptune, (formerly Ketchum Al.) 
from 130 Carlton, north to 139 High. 

Nevada Ave., from Genesee, north 
to Ferry, third east of Moselle. 

Newburgh Ave., from 305 Doat, 
north to Bell Ave., (closed between 
Bell and Genesee) thence from Gene- 
see, north to 1285 East Delavan Ave, 

Newbury, from 736 South Park Ave., 
east to 306 Boulevard. 

Newell, from 965 William to 568 
Howard. 

Newell Ave., from 2443 Niagara 
east to Albert Ave. Changed to Roy- 
al Ave. 

Newerf, from Mystic Ave. south to 
Beacon Ave., first west of Abbey. 

Newfield, from 360 Esser Ave., 
north to O'Neil. 

Newport Ave., from St. Lawrence 
Ave., north to Kenmore Ave. (north 
city line), eleventh east of Colvin. 

New South Ogden, from 380 
Dingens, north to 1763 William. 

Newton, from 340 Curtiss, west to 
W. S. R. R. 

Niagara, from 346 Main, northwest 
to city limits. 



Niagara Sq., at junction of Court, 
West Genesee, Delaware Ave. and 
Niagara. 

Nichols Al., changed to Nichols 
PI. 

Nichols Pl., north from 150 Sene- 
ca. 

Nicholson Ave., from Eley, east 
to Crosby PL, second south of Ken- 
more Ave. 

Nineteenth, from Rhode Island, 
north to 353 West Ferry. 

Norfolk Ave., from East Ferry, 
north through 995 East Delavan Ave. 
to Kensington Ave., seventh east of 
Grider. 

Normal Ave. (formerly Thirteenth), 
from 350 Pennsvlvania, northwest to 
185 Albany. 

Norman, from Seneca, northeast to 
Frank Ave., sixth south of Mineral 
Springs Road. 

Norman, from 208 Rano Ave., north- 
west to See Ave. 

Norman Ave., from Bailey Ave., 
east to east city line, first south of 
northeast city line. 

NoRRis (formerly Cass), from Her- 
tel Ave., north to Race, sixth east of 
Military Road. 

NoRRis Pl., changed to Day's Park. 

North, from 1040 Main, west to the 
Circle. 

North, E., from 1039 Main, east to 
382 Herman. 

North Central Ave., from 1681 
Broadway, south 814 feet. 

North Division, from 333 Main, 
east to 94 Fillmore Ave. 

North Dupont, from East Ferry, 
north 535 feet. 

North Elm, changed to Holland 
Pl. 

North Morgan, from 135 Edward, 
north to 411 Virginia. 



145 



STR 



North OgdeN, from 17 14 William, 
north to 9 1 1 VValden Ave. 

North Parade Ave., from Fill- 
more Ave., east to East Parade PI. 

North Park Ave., (or Roesch), 
from Palace Ave., east to Kenmore 
Ave., fourth north of Ontario. 

North Pearl, from 530 Virginia, 
north to 38 West North. 

Northampton, from 1253 Main, 
east to N. Y. C. Belt Line. 

Northumberland Ave., from East 
Ferry, north to Kensington, sixth east 
of Grider. 

Norton, from 77 Water, northwest 
to Peacock. 

Norton, (East Buffalo), from 285 
Fillmore Ave., east to Babcock. 
Changed to Fleming. 

Norwalk, from Linden Ave., north 
to Taunton, second east of Colvin. 

NoRWOod Ave., (formerly Howard), 
from 313 Summer, north to Bouck 
Ave., (closed between Bouck and 
Delavan Aves.), from West Delavan, 
north to West Forest Ave. 

Norwood Pl., from 347 Baynes, 
east to Richmond Ave. 

Oak, from 69 Swan, north to 79 
Best, closed between High and North. 

Oak Grove Ave., from 270 East 
Delavan Ave., north to N. Y. C. Belt 
Line, second east of Jefferson. 

OAKDALe Pl., from Seneca, south to 
Lehigh R. R., second east of Bab- 
cock. 

Oakland, from Walden Ave., north 
to Genesee. Changed to Ivy. 

Oakland Ave., from 163 Summer 
to 214 Bryant. 

Oakwood Ave., from 2306 Main, 
northwest to Parkside, and from 2334 
Main, east to N. Y. C. Belt Line. 

Oberlin, (formerly St. Louis Ave.) 
from Walden Ave., south to W.S.R.R. 
Yards, fourth east of N. Y. C. Belt 
Line. 



Ocean Ave., from 1090 East Dela- 
van Ave., north to Beverly. 

Ohio, from 3 Main, southeast to 
Buffalo River and i Hamburgh Turn- 
pike. 

Ohio Basin, from Buffalo River and 
Ohio, north to Mackinaw, west of 
Louisiana. 

Ohio Slip, from Main and Ham- 
burgh Canal, south to Ohio Basin. 

Olga Pl., (formerly Jerry) from 
Clare, east to 328 Fillmore Ave. 

Olive, from Seneca to Bufi^alo 
Creek. Changed to Pomona Pl. 

Olive, from 2530 Delaware Ave., 
west to Erie R. R. 

Oliver, from Payson, east to 
Wightman, second north of Abbott 
Road. 

Olmsted, from Schutrum, east to 
Bailey Ave., between Broadway and 
Sycamore. 

Olsen, from Clinton, northwest, 
first east of Bailey Ave. 

Olympic, from 1075 East Delavan 
Ave., north to Beverly. 

Oneida, from 237 Emslie to 283 
Fillmore Ave. 

Oneida, from Gilbert to Baitz. 
Changed to Manitoba. 

O'Neil, from 2687 Niagara, north- 
east to city limits. 

Ontario, from 2261 Niagara, north- 
east to city limits. 

Orange, from 174 Cherry, north to 
291 East North. 

Orchard Pl., from Main, west to 
N. Y. C Belt Line, second south of 
Amherst. 

Orlando, from 232 Prenatt, north 
to 1169 Seneca. 

Orlando Al., from 259 Washing- 
ton, east to Ellicott. Changed to 
Dickens Al. 

Orleans, from Sugar, north to 



STR 



146 



Kensington Ave., second east of Bailey 
Ave. 

Orson Pl., from Kenmore Ave., 
south 500 feet, fourth east of Elmwood 
Ave. 

OR.TON PL.,from 354 Hudson, north- 
west to 355 Pennsylvania. 

Osage, from 527 Hopkins, east to 
Triangle. 

Oscar, from 23 Laux, east 376 feet. 

Oscar, from St. Lawrence Ave., 
north to Kenmore Ave., (north city 
line) thirteenth east of Colvin. 

Oswego, from Colchester, east to 
Eggert, second west of Eggert. 

Otis Pl., from 40 Woodlawn Ave., 
north to 35 East Ferry. 

Ottawa, from Louisiana and Ohio 
Basin, east to 55 Hamburgh. 

Otto, from 93 Hay ward, east to 
360 Alabama. 

Owahn Pl., from 250 Abbott Road, 
north to 123 Prenatt. 

Oxford Pl., from West Ferry, 
north to West Delavan Ave., first 
west of Main. 

Pacific, from Austin, north to 203 
Hertel Ave., about six blocks north of 
1987 Niagara. 

Pacific Ave., from East Delavan 
Ave., north to Beverly. Changed to 
Ocean Ave. 

Pacific Pl., from Auburn Ave., 
north to Lancaster Ave., first west of 
Delaware Ave. 

Page, from 605 Hertel Ave., north 
to Race. 

Palace Ave., from Crowley Ave., 
north to O'Neill (city line) first east of 
Niagara. 

Palos Pl., (formerly Harvard Pl.) 
from Mendola, north to Kensington 
Ave., first west of Wyoming Ave. 

Pansy, from Florida, north to 270 
-East Delavan Ave. 



Parish, from 1775 Niagara, north- 
east to 222 Tonawanda. 

Park, from 422 Virginia, north to 
178 West North, 

Park Pl., from 286 Delaware Ave., 
west to Johnson Pl. Changed to 
Johnson Park. 

Park Ridge Ave., from Kensington 
Ave., north to Alvin Ave., second 
west of Bailey Ave. 

Parker Ave., from Main to Hertel 
Ave., first south of Amherst. 

Parkside Ave., from Humboldt 
Pkwy., north to Hertel Ave., first east 
of the Park. 

Parkway Ave., from Jefferson, 
east to Oak Grove Ave. Changed to 
Hughes Ave. 

Parnell Ave., from B. R. & P. R. 
R., east to 306 Abby, second south of 
Abbott Road. 

Pauline, from Steele, north to Gesl, 
first west of Fillmore Ave. 

Payne Ave., from 423 Hopkins, 
east to Triangle. 

Payson Ave., from Abbott Road, 
north and east to Bailey Ave., second 
northwest of Bailey Ave. 

Peabody, from 905 Elk, north to 
1069 Seneca. 

Peach, from 208 Cherry, north to 
323 Best. 

Peacock, from 46 Evans, north- 
west to 170 Erie. 

Pearl, from Erie Canal, north to 
24 W. Tupper, first west of Main. 

Pearl Pl., from 521 Virginia, south 
to rear of St. Louis' Church. 

Peck, from N. Y. C. R. R. Yards, 
north to 1413 Broadway. 

Peck Slip, opposite foot of Main. 

Peckham, from 94 Mortimer, east 
to Playter. 

Pembina, from 668 Hopkins, west 
to 325 Germania. 



147 



STR 



Pembroke Ave., from Grider, east 
to Wyoming Ave., fifth north of East 
Delavan Ave. 

Penfield, from 1363 Niagara, east 
to 1 142 West Ave. 

Pennsylvania, from Erie Canal, 
east to the Circle. Crosses Niagara at 
524- 

Peoria (formerly Thompson), from 
Grace, north to Arthur, first west of 
Tonavvanda. 

Perkins Pl., from 217 Dewitt, east 
to 368 Herkimer. 

Perry, from 55 Main, east to 52 
Dole. 

Person, from N. Y. C. R. R., north 
to 1500 Broadway. 

Peter, from 448 Amherst, north to 
Grote, third west of N. Y. State Reser- 
vation Line, also south from 448 Am- 
herst to Scajaquada Creek. 

Peterson, from 1025 Fillmore Ave. 
northeast to Mills. 

Petrie, from 545 Doat, north to 
Scajaquada Creek. 

Pfaudler, from 729 East Delavan 
Ave., north, first west of Grider. 

Phelps, from 1042 Fillmore Ave., 
west to H albert. 

Philadelphia Ave., from Clarion 
Ave. (at junction ot N. Y. C. and D. 
L. & W. R. R.), northwest to 299 
Esser. 

Philip, changed to May. 

PiATTi, from Yates, east to Nelson, 
first south of Amherst. 

PiCARD, from 257 Clinton, north to 
William. 

Pine, from 280 Swan, north and 
northwest to 125 Sycamore. 

Pink, from 227 Lord, east to 144 
Montgomery. 

Pink Al., from 9 Bond, east to 24 
Lord. 

Pittsburg Ave., from 48 Lehigh 
Ave., north to D. L. & W. R. R. 



Playter, from Curtiss, north to 
1072 Broadway. 

Pleasant Ave., from 436 LeRoy 
Ave., north to south line of lot 44. 
Changed to Marigold. 

Pleasant Pl., from Florida, north 
to 200 East Delavan Ave., first east of 
Jefft^rson. 

Plymouth Ave., from 306 Hudson, 
northwest to 116 Breckenridge. 

Poland Ave., from Hopkins, east, 
first north of Tifft. 

Polish Pl., from Seward Ave., 
south to Buffalo River, first east of 
South Ogden. 

PoMEROY Ave., from Seneca, south 
to Cazenovia Creek, first east of Buf- 
falo Crt- ek bridge. 

Pomona Pl., from Seward Ave., 
south to Bufllalo River, first east of 
South Ogden. 

PooLEY Pl., from 357 Dewitt, east 
to 468 Grant, 

Poplar, from 836 Walden Ave., 
north to Doat. 

Portage, (formerly Bayer), from 
490 East Utica, north to Glenwood 
Ave. 

Porter, from 213 Peacock, east to 
Griffin. Changed to Roseville. 

Porter Ave., from Lake Erie, 
northeast and east to the Circle. 
Crosses Niagara at 647. 

Portland Ave., from 11 16 Abbott 
Road, northeast to Cazenovia Creek. 

Potomac Ave., (formerly Clinton), 
from Erie Canal, east through 1471 
Niagara to 1474 Delaware Ave. 

Potter, from 48 William, north to 
173 Broadway. 

Potter's Corners Plank Road, 
from 1448 Abbott Road, east to city 
limits. 

Prairie, from Fuller, east to Tona- 
awanda, second north of Ontario. 



STR 



148 



Pratt, from 448 Eagle, north to 
379 Genesee. 

Pratt and Wadham Slip, opposite 
foot of Michigan. 

Prenatt, from Euclid PL, east to 
Buffalo River, 

Preston, from 343 West Ferry, 
north, connecting with Tryon Pl. 

Pries Ave., from Hopkins, east to 
231 Triangle, fourth north of Tifft. 

Prime, from 24 Main, northwest to 
Commercial. 

Princess Ave., from 390 Doat, 
north to Hemenway. 

Princeton Pl., (formerly Wei- 
mert), from 2105 Seneca, southwest to 
Cazenovia Creek. 

Prospect Ave., from 165 West 
Huron, northwest to 1017 Niagara. 

Prozeler, changed to Schlenker. 

Puerner Ave., changed to North- 
amptom. 

Puffer, from 1727 Main, east to 
Bailey Ave. 

Pulaski, from 1840 Clmton, north 
to Griswold. 

PuRDY,from Laurel, north to Puffer. 

Putnam, from Breckenridge, north 
to 375 Bouck Ave., second west of 
Bidwell Pl. 

Quarry, from Cement, north to 
East Hertel Ave., second west of 
Bailey Ave. 

Quay, from 119 Main, east one block 
to Washington. 

Queen, from William, corner North 
Ogden, northeast. 

Queens Pl., from Florida, north to 
Mohican Ave. Changed to Regina 
Pl. 

QuiNCY, (formerly Miller) from 
N. Y. C. R. R. Yards, north to 1427 
Broadway, seventh east of N. Y. C. 
Belt Line. 



Race, from Military Road, east to 
Norris Ave., second north of Hertel 
Ave. 

Railroad, (formerly Mill) from 421 
Hamburgh, east to 19 Griffin. 

Ralph Al., from 142 Burton, north 
to 713 Virginia. 

Ramsdell Ave., from Grove, east 
to 2690 Delaware Ave., first south of 
Kenmore Ave. 

Randall, from 20 Superior, west to 
339 William. 

Randle, from Genesee, south to 
Hemenway, first east of Scajaquada 
Creek. 

Range Ave., from Amherst, north 
to La Salle Ave, first west of Main. 

Rano, from 653 Tonawanda, east 
to Harold. 

Rapid Transit, from 1701 Seneca, 
south to Cazenovia Creek. 

Rapin Ave., from 488 Walden Ave., 
north to Genesee. 

Rawlins, (formerly Leo) from 135 
Doat, south about 1000 feet, and north 
to Genesee. 

Raymond Ave., from 766 South 
Park Ave., east to 276 Boulevard. 

Raze, changed to Clare. 

Red Jacket, from 514 Elk, north to 
Scott, and from south line of Mill to 
589 Seneca. 

Redmond Ave., from St. Lawrence 
Ave., north to Kenmore Ave., (near 
city line,) ninth east of Colvin. 

Reed, from 876 Broadway, north to 
951 Genesee. 

Rees, from 286 West Forest Ave., 
north to Bradley, and from Bull to 
Scajaquada Creek. 

Regent, from 953 Bailey Ave., 
east to Greene, second north of Love- 
joy. 

Regina Pl., (formerly Queen's Pl.) 
from Florida, north to Mohican Ave., 
first west of Humboldt Parkway. 



149 



STR 



Reimann, from Greene, east to city 
line, two blocks south of Broadway. 

Remington Ave., from Seneca, 
south to Cazenovia Creek, first south- 
east of South Park Ave. 

Remoleno, from South Park Ave., 
west to 1 20 Triangle, first south of 
Abbott Road. 

Reservation, from 586 Amherst, 
north toGrote. 

Rex Pl., from Puffer, north to 
Buell Ave., first east of Humboldt 
Parkway. 

Rey, from 183 Mortimer, east to 587 
Jefferson. 

Rhein, from Walden Ave., south 
to West Shore R. R., east of Bailey 
Ave. 

Rhine, from 1544 Genesee, north 
to East Ferry, fifth east of Belt Line 
R. R. 

Rhode Island, from 795 Front 
Avenue, northeast to 394 Richmond 
Ave. 

Rich, from 948 Genesee, north to 
679 Best. 

Richards Ave., from Main to north 
city line, second north of Eley. 

Richfield Ave., from 606 South 
Park Ave., east to 540 Boulevard. 

Richlawn Ave. (formerly Euclid 
Ave. ) from Leroy Ave. , north to 1000 
feet north of Shawnee Ave., third east 
of Fillmore Ave. 

Richmond Ave., from the Circle 
and West North, north to 475 West 
Forest Ave , about three-fourths mile 
west of Main. 

Ricker Ave., from Fillmore Ave., 
east, first north of Seneca. Changed 
to Dillon Ave. 

RiCKERT Ave., from 515 Puffer, 760 
feet south, first west of Fillmore Ave. 

Riley, from 1251 Main, east to 935 
Humboldt Parkway, 



Ripley Pl., from 516 Connecticut, 
northwest to 429 Vermont. 

RiTT Ave., from Military Road, east 
to 230 Clayton, eighth north of Hertel 
Ave. 

River, from 203 Erie, northwest to 
342 West Genesee, south of Erie 
Canal. 

River View Pl., from 1781 Seneca, 
south to Cazenovia Creek. 

Roanoke Ave., from Hertel Ave., 
to Taunton Ave., fifth east of Dela- 
ware Ave. 

Robert, from 212 Curtiss, north to 
Lovejoy. 

Robie Ave., from 2178 Main, north- 
west to Parkside Ave. 

Robins, from 1090 Abbott Road, 
northeast to Cazenovia Creek, second 
east of South Park Ave. 

Rochester, from 130 Lehigh Ave., 
north to D. L. & W. R. R., first west 
of Abbey. 

RocHEVOT, from 29 Burton, north 
to Virginia, between Washington and 
Ellicott. 

Rock, from 343 West Genesee, 
northwest to Slip No. 3. 

Rockland, from Bailey Ave., east 
to Eggert, second south of Kensing- 
ton Ave. 

Rodney, from Fillmore Ave., to 
Hill, fourth north of LeRoy Ave. 

Roebling Ave., from 1201 East 
Delavan Ave., south, second east of 
Bailey Ave. 

Roeder, from Fillmore Ave., third 
south of Ferry, 
. Roehrer Ave., from 510 Best, north 
to 403 East Ferry. 

Roesch Ave., see North Park Ave. 

Roesser Ave., from Snow Ave., 
east to Spaulding Ave. , first south of 
Clinton. 

RoETZER. from 146 Walden Ave., 
north to Genesee. 



STR 



150 



Rogers, changed to Richmond Ave. 

Rogers Ave., from Genesee, north 

to Lang Ave., sixth east of Bailey Ave. 

RoHE, from 1541 Bailey Ave., east 
to Summer. 

RoHR, from Walden Ave., north to 
Genesee, second west of N. Y. C. Belt 
Line. 

Roland Ave., from 27 Abby, east 
to 375 Hopkins, first north of Tifft. 

Rommel, from Broadway, north, 
second east of N. Y. C. Belt Line. 

Roos. from 268 William, north to 
395 Broadway. 

Root, from Erie Canal, east to 386 
Fifth. 

Rosalie, from Hertel Ave., south 
to N. Y. C. Belt Line, third east of 
Elmwood Ave. 

Rose, from 939 Virginia, north to 
365 East North. 

Roseville, (formerly Porter) from 
213 Peacock, east to Griffin. 

RosLYN, from Genesee, north to 
Scajaquada Creek, third east of Bailey 
Ave. 

Ross Ave., from 945 Tonawanda, 
east to Bleeker Ave. 

RoTHER Ave , from 1 164 Broadway, 
north to Walden Ave. 

Royal Ave., (formerly Newell) 
from Niagara, east to Albert Ave., 
third north of Ontario. 

Rudolph, from Kehr, east and 
west, first south of East Ferry. 

Rudolph Ave., from three blocks 
east of Jefferson near Driving Park, 
changed to Woodlawn Ave. 

RuHL Ave., from Military Road, 
east to 150 Clayton, fifth north of 
Hertel Ave. 

Ruhland Ave. from W. S. R. R. 
north to Walden Ave., third east of 
N. Y. C. Belt Line. 

RuMSEY, (formerly Hagen) from 
1301 East Delavan Ave., south to 



Lang Ave., second east of Bailey 
Ave. 

Russell, from 2500 Main, west to 
Parkside Ave. 

Ruth Ave., from 406 Ontario, 
northwest to near Esser Ave., eighth 
east of Tonawanda. 

Rutland Ave., from 1156 Abbott 
Road, northeast to Cazenovia Creek. 

Ryan, from 2013 Seneca, north- 
east to Frank Ave , second southeast 
of Mineral Springs Road. 

Sage, from Seneca, northeast to 
Buffalo Creek, fifth southeast of 
Buffalo Creek bridge. 

Saginaw, from Hamburgh, east, 
south of Sandusky. 

Salem, from 1310 Abbott Road, 
northeast to Cazenovia Creek, second 
northwest of Cazenovia Creek. 

San Domingo Al., from 213 Ems- 
lie, east to 91 Montgomery. 

Sandusky, from Ohio Basin, east 
aud southeast to 17 Smith. 

Sanford, from 180 East Forest 
Ave., north to 135 LeRoy Ave. 

Saranac Ave , from Golvin, east 
and north to Taunton Ave., first south 
of Hertel Ave. 

Saratoga, from 244 Ontario, north, 
second east of Tonawanda. 

Sarvis, from Hertel Ave., north to 
Olive, first east of Elmwood Ave., 

Sawyer Ave., from Main, north to 
city line, third north of Eley. 

Sayre. (formerly Logan) from 
Military Road, west to N. Y. C. R. R. 
second north of Hertel Ave. 

Scheu, changed to Weaver Ave. 

Scheu Ave., from 117 Abbey, east 
to 464 Hopkins. 

Schiller, from 1741 William, north 
to 1959 Broadway. 

ScHMARBECK, from 1310 Broadway, 
north to W. S. R. R., first east of N. 
Y. C. Belt Line. 



151 



STR 



ScHLENKER, (formerly Prozeller) 
from 59 Schmarbeck, east to Person. 

School, from 995 Niagara, north- 
east to 161 Albany. 

ScHUELE Ave., from 1022 East 
Ferry, north to 816 Delavan Ave. 

ScHUTRUM, from 1560 Broadway, 
north to W. S. R. R. 

Schuyler, from Hagerman, east to 
I Filhiiore Ave. and 889 Seneca. 

Scott, from 103 Main, east to Chic- 
ago and from 133 Alabama east to 357 
Smith. 

ScoviLLE, from Jordan Ave., north 
through 1304 Clinton to Erie R. R. 

ScRANTON, from B. R. & P. R. R., 
east to 188 Abby, sixth north of Tifft. 

Seabrook, from 92 Dovle Ave., 
north to O'Neil. 

Sears, from Curtiss, north to 1063 
Broadway, fourth east of Fillmore Ave. 

See Ave., from 2475 Niagara, east 
to Ontario. 

Seifert, from Clinton, north to 
Griswold, near east city line, eigth 
east of Bailey Ave. 

Selkirk, from 871 Elk, north to 
915 Seneca. 

Seneca, from 223 Main, east to 
east city limits. 

Seneca, West, from 224 Main, west 
to 120 Erie. 

Seneca Pl., (formerly Doughertv's 
Al.) from 248 Seneca, north to Myrtle. 

Sessions, from 2670 Delaware Ave., 
east 2000 feet. 

Seventeenth, from 150 Richmond 
Ave., northwest to 395 Vermont. 

Seventh, from 209 Court, north- 
west to 915 Front Ave. 

Seward, (formerly Victoria) from 
Barnard, east to city line, second south 
of Clinton. 

Sexton Al., from 12 Swan, north 
to South Division. 



Seymour, from 610 Swan, east to 
516 Smith. 

Sharon Ave , from Bangor PI., 
north to Kenmore Ave. (north city 
line), fourth east of Colvin. 

Shavv^nee Ave., (formerly Lexing- 
ton) from Hill, east to Liberty Ave., 
first north of LeRoy Ave. 

Sheffield Ave., from 395 South 
Park Ave., east to 396 Boulevard. 

Shepard, from 1604 Broadway, 
north to W. S. R. R. 

Sheridan, from Main, west to 
D. L. & W. R. R. Changed to Custer. 

Sheridan Ave., from East Ferry, 
north to 680 East Delavan Ave., fourth 
east of Fillmore Ave. 

Sheriff Ave., from Military Road, 
east to 186 Clayton, sixth north of 
Hertel Ave. 

Sherman, from 188 Howard, north 
to 565 Best. 

Sherv^ood, from 250 Hampshire, 
northwest to 135 Arkansas. 

Shields Ave., from 555 Utica,north 
west to Massachusetts. 

Shirley Ave., from Cordova Ave., 
east to Bailey Ave., first north of East 
Hertel Ave. 

Short, from Hertel Ave., north to 
Gladstone, first west of Military Road. 

Shumway, from 241 Howard, north 
to 790 Broadway. 

Sibley, (formerly Barnard) from 75 
Downing, south to city line, second 
east of South Park Ave. 

Sidney, from Humboldt Parkway, 
east to Fillmore Ave., second north of 
East Ferry. 

SiDWAY, from Erie R. R., east to 
409 Elk. 

Simon, from 44 Race, north to 29 
Layer Ave., first east of Military 
Road. 

Sirrett, from 603 Hopkins, east to 



STR 



152 



105 Triangle, third south of Abbott 
Road. 

Sixteenth, from 90 Richmond 
Ave., northwest to 357 Vermont. 

Skillen, from Mihtary Road, north- 
west, through 574 Ontario to O'Neil 
and city Hmits. 

Slips. — Commercial, from Commer- 
cial to Buffalo River. 

Coit, from River to Erie basin. 

Slip No. I, from Erie canal to Erie 
basin. 

Slip No. 2, from Erie canal to Erie 
basin. 

Slip No. 3, from Erie canal to Erie 
basin. 

Wilkeson, from Erie canal to Jack- 
son. 

Peck, Hatch, Wadham and Pratt, 
run from Blackwell canal to Buffalo 
river. 

Canal, from Ohio basin to Ham- 
burgh canal. 

Sloan, from Black Rock Harbor, 
east to 1422 Niagara. 

Smith, from Buffalo River, north to 
817 Broadway. 

Snow Ave, from Clinton, south to 
W. N. Y. & P. R. R., first east of 
Bailey Ave. 

SoBiESKi, from 1136 Broadway, 
north to Walden Ave., fifth east of 
Filltnore Ave. 

Soldiers' Pl., at junction of Cha- 
pin Parkway, Bidwell Parkway, Lin- 
coln Parkway and Bird Ave. 

SoMMER, changed to Harrison. 

Sophia, from 208 Fletcher, south to 
city limits. 

South, from 442 Ohio, east to Ham- 
bur L;h. 

South, from Erie Canal, east to 
loS Tonawanda. Changed to Wayne. 

South Canal, from Hagerman, 
east to T Fillmore Ave. Changed to 
Schuyler. 



South Cedar, from 386 Seneca, 
north to Swan. 

South Division, from 311 Main, 
east to 114 Fillmore Ave. 

South Michigan, from Buffalo 
River, opposite Michigan, south to 
Sea Wall. 

South Newfield, from 360 Esser 
Ave., south to Clarion PI. 

South Ogden, from 2009 Clinton, 
north to 308 Mineral Springs Road. 

South Park Ave. , (formerly 
White's Corners road), south from 
junction of Elk and Seneca to city 
line. 

South Railroad Ave., from 93 
Emslie, northeast to 364 Fillmore 
Ave. 

Southampton, from 965 EUicott, 
east to 1150 Jefferson. 

Southard, from 1222 Elk, north to 
Perry. 

Spaulding, from 577 Hopkins, east 
to 131 Triangle. 

Spaulding Ave., from Clinton south 
to VV. N. Y. & P. R. R., third east of 
Bailey Ave. 

Spencer, from 1095 William, south 
to lot 58. 

Spencer Ave., from Herbert Ave. 
to Bailey Ave. Changed to Kirkpat- 
rick. 

Spencer Ave. , from Doat, north to 
Genesee. Changed to Cheektowaga. 

Spiess, from 1238 Genesee, north to 
Bardol. 

Sprenger, from Doat, north to 
Genesee, third west of city line. 

Spring, from 500 Seneca, north to 
151 Cherry. 

Spruce, from 304 Broadway, north- 
west to 31 Cherry. 

Staats, from 165 Court, north to 
174 Mohawk. 

Stanislaus, from Beck, east to La- 



153 



STR 



throp, between Broadway and Syca- 
more. 

Stanley, from Bailey Ave., east to 
Greene, third south of Broadway. 

Stanley, from Clinton to Buffalo 
Creek. Changed to VVillet. 

Stanley Pl., from Hertel Ave., 
south to Duncan. Changed to Fair- 
child PI. 

Stanton, from 214 Howard, north 
to 763 Broadway. 

Starin Ave., from Amherst, north 
to Hertel Ave., third west of Main. 

State, from 37 Water, northeast to 
84 Canal. 

Steele, from 2466 Main, east to 767 
Fillmore Ave. 

Stephen Ave., from 510 Doat, 
north to Hemenway, third west of east 
city line. 

Stephen Pl., from Esser Ave., 
north and east to Eckert, third east of 
Tonawanda. 

Sterling Ave., from Linden Ave., 
north to Taunton Ave., third east of 
Colvin. 

Stetson, from Metcalf, near Clin- 
ton, north to Howard. 

Stettenberg, from Fillmore Ave., 
east to Gibson, first south of Broad- 
way Market. 

Steuben Al., from 119 Clare, east 
one block. 

Stevens, from 47 Mechanic, south- 
east to 2 Ann. 

Stenens Al., from East Ferry, 
north to East Delavan Ave., eleventh 
west of Bailey Ave. 

Stevenson, from 1066 Abbott 
Road, northeast to Cazenovia Creek, 
third southeast of South Park Ave. 

Steward, from Hertel Ave., north 
to Olive Ave., second east of Elm- 
wood Ave. 

Stewart, from Walden Ave., 



north to 509 Doat, seventh east of 
Bailey. 

Stone, from Bailey Ave., to Green, 
first south of Broadway. 

Storz, from Utica, north to Win- 
slow Ave., fourth east of Jefferson. 

Stratford Pl., from 1451 Elk, 
south to Buffalo Creek. 

Strathmore Ave., from 1255 Ab- 
bott Road to 630 Boulevard. 

Strauss, from 900 Broadway, north 
to 975 Genesee. 

St. Ann, from Best, north to 
Northampton, first west of West 
Parade Ave. 

St. Clair, from junction of Ohio 
and Louisiana, northeast to South. 

St. James Pl., from Elmwood Ave.? 
east to Chapin Pkwy, first north of 
Bouck Ave. 

St. Johns Pl., from 54 Wadsworth, 
west to Orton Pl. 

St. Joseph's Ave., from 539 Walden 
Ave., south to West Shore R. R. 

St. Lawrence Ave., from Fitzger- 
ald, east to Alden Ave., first south of 
Kenmore Ave. 

St. Louis, from Best, north to 
Northampton. Changed to St. Michael. 

St. Louis Ave., from W. S. R. R., 
north to Genesee. Changed to Ober- 
lin. 

St. Michael, (formerly St. Louis,) 
from Best, north to Northampton, 
second west of West Parade Ave. 

St. Paul, from 1089 Main, east to 
806 Oak. 

St. Stanislaus, from Seward, south 
to Buffalo Creek, second east of South 
Ogden. 

St. Stephens Pl., from 195 Abbott 
Road, south to D. L. & W. R. R. 

Suffolk, from Sugar, north to 
Kensington Ave., first east of Bailey 
Ave. 



STR 



154 



Sugar, from 2321 Bailey Ave., 
east to city limits. 

Summer, from 11 30 Main, west to 
89 Richmond Ave. 

Summit Ave., second west of Main, 
running in a curve northwest from 
Oakwood PI. to Crescent Ave. 

Summit Park Ave., from Main, 
east to Bailey Ave. Changed to 
Minnesota Ave. 

Summit View Ave., from Grider, 
east to Wyoming. Changed to 
Gratiot Ave. 

Sumner, from 664 Walden Ave., 
north to 51 Doat. 

Sunset, (formerly Alexander) from 
Hertel Ave., north to Race, third east 
of Military Road. 

Superior, from 245 Spring, east to 
320 Jefferson. 

Sussex, from Grider, east to North- 
umberland Ave. , second north of 
East Delavan Ave. 

Sutton Lane, from 3240 Main, 
east. 

Swan, from 275 Main, east to 720 
Seneca, 

Swan, West, from 276 Main, west 
to 163 Terrace. 

Sweeney, from 974 Genesee, north 
to 717 Best. 

Sweet Ave., from 404 Lovejoy, 
north to Walden Ave. 

SwiVELLER, from 714 Virginia, 
north to 133 Carlton. 

SwiNBORN, from 145 1 Broadway, 
south to N. Y. C. R. R. 

Sycamore, from 239 Oak, east to 
447 Walden Ave. 

Sylvan Al., from 390 Clinton, 
north to William. 

Tacoma Ave., from 2470 Delaware 
Ave., east to Sterling Ave. 

Tamarack Ave., (formerly Lexing- 
ton Ave.) from 1148 Abbott Road, 
northeast to Cazenovia Creek. 



Taunton Ave., from Delaware 
Ave., east to Wallace Ave., fourth 
north of Hertel Ave. 

Taylor Pl., from Macauly, south 
to Josia PI., first west to South Park 
Ave. 

Tecumseh, from 193 Louisiana, 
east to 67 Hamburgh. 

Tennessee, from 54 South, north 
to 167 Mackinaw. 

Tennyson Ave., from Hertel Ave., 
north to Tacoma Ave., first east of 
Delaware Ave. 

Tenth, from 244 Carolina, north- 
west to 247 Hudson. 

Terrace, from 156 Main, northwest 
to 180 Court. 

Teutsch, from 54 Zinns Ave., north 
to O'Neil. 

Texas, (formerly Johnson Ave.) 
from Kerns Ave., north to Lang Ave., 
first east of Bailey Ave. 

The Avenue, changed to Rich- 
mond Ave. 

The Bank, at junction of Front 
Ave. and Massachusetts. 

The Circle, at junction of Rich- 
mond Ave., Porter Ave., Pennsyl- 
vania, Wadsworth and North. 

The Park, about three blocks west 
of 2100 Main, bounded by Amherst, 
Forest Lawn Cemetery and State 
Insane Asylum grounds. 

Theodore, from Genesee, south to 
335 Doat, third east of Bailey Ave. 

Third, (Tow-path Erie Canal,) from 
Pennsylvania, northwest to Porter 
Ave. 

Thirteenth, changed to Norm.al 
Ave. 

Thomas, from Metcalf, north to 
875 Wilham, three blocks east of Fill- 
more Ave. 

Thompson, from 170 Parish, north- 
west to 121 Farmer. 

Thompson, from Grace to Arthur, 
changed to Peoria PI. 



155 



STR 



Thomson Pl., from Kenmore Ave., 
(north city line), south, first east of 

Elmwood Ave. 

» 

TiFFENY Pl., from Wyoming Ave., 
east, first south of Kensington Ave. 

TiFFT, from 784 Hamburgh Turn- 
pike, east to 607 Park Ave. 

TiLLiNGHAST, from Parkside Ave., 
west to Colvin, first north of Amherst. 

TiMON, from 464 Dodge, north to 
445 Northampton, third east of Jeffer- 
son. 

Tioga, from 2255 Delaware Ave., 
east to Fairchild Pl. 

Titus Ave., from 1409 Broadway, 
north to 1246 Sycamore. 

Tompkins, changed to Emerson. 

ToNAWANDA, from 1649 Niagara, 
northwest to city limits. 

TousEY, from 468 Broadway, north 
to 343 Sycamore. 

Town Line Road, from 2736 Dela- 
ware Ave., east to Eley. 

TowNSEND, from 714 William, north 
to 899 Broadway. 

TowNSEND, from Erie Canal, west 
to Lake Erie. 

Tracy, from 314 Delaware Ave., 
west to 277 Carolina. 

Tremont Ave., from Warwick Ave. 
to Bayfield, third east of Norfolk. 

Tresselt, from Domedian Ave., 
east to Eller Ave, first south of Gen- 
esee. 

Trestle Al., from 1384 William, 
north to N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. 

Triangle, from Abbott Road, 
southeast to 501 South Park Ave. 

Triangle Pl., from 21 Triangle, 
west to Buffalo, first south of Abbott 
Road. 

Trinidad Pl., from Steele (Ken- 
sington Ave.) south about 1000 feet, 
first west of Fillmore Ave. 

Trinity, (formerly Delaware Pl.) 



from 376 Delaware Ave., west to 327 
Virginia. 

Trost, from Mandan, east to Ros- 
ala, first north of N. Y. C. R. R., and 
south of Hertel Ave. near Crosscut 
junction. 

Troup, from 1260 Seneca, north to 
W. N. Y. & P. R. R. 

Trowbridge, from 475 Hopkins, 
east to 208 Triangle. 

Troy Al., from 228 Ontario, north, 
first east of Tonawanda. 

Tryon Pl., from north line of Ferry 
lot, north to 313 West Forest Ave. 

Tupper, East, from 707 Main, east 
to Michigan. 

Tupper, West, from 716 Main, west 
to 309 Virginia. 

Twelfth, from 308 Virginia, north 
west to 311 Maryland. 

Twelfth, from 154 Hampshire to 
137 Albany. Changed to Plymouth 
Ave. 

Tyler, from Main, west to Angle, 
third north of Hertel Ave., near Inter- 
national junction, Erie R. R. 

Ullman, from 236 Esser Ave., north 
to O'Neil. 

Ullman, from 1148 Sycamore, north 
to Walden Ave. Changed to Howlett. 

Ulmer Ave., from 449 Hopkins, 
east, fifth north of Tifft. 

Ulster, from Sugar, north to Eg- 
gert, third east of Bailey Ave. 

Unger Ave., from 1741 Seneca, 
south to Cazenovia Creek, third south- 
east of South Park Ave. 

Union, from 250 Eage, north to 89 
William. 

Union Pl., changed to Sixteenth. 

Urban, from 105 Fillmore Ave., 
east to 216 Moselle. 

Urban Ave., from 492 High, to 479 
Best. Changed to Durrenberger Pl. 

Utica, E., from 1381 Main, east to 
Humboldt Parkway. 



STR 



156 



Utica, W., from 1382 Main, west to 
293 Massachusetts. 

Utley Al., from 146 Wilkinson, 
northwest to 203 Georgia. 

Vandalia, from South, north to 247 
Mackinaw. 

Vanderbilt, from Greene, east to 
Schiller, third south of Broadway. 

Vanduzer Ave., from Seneca, 
south along- Buffalo Creek, first south- 
east of Buffalo Creek bridge. 

Van Rensselaer, from 627 Elk, 
north to 709 Seneca. 

Vary, from 153 Spring, east to 226 
Jefferson. 

Vermont, from 734 Front Ave , 
northeast to 306 Richmond Ave. 

Vernon, from 2600 Main, west to 
Fairchild. 

Verplank. from 264 East Utica, 
nortli to 221 East Ferry. 

Victoria, from Barnard to east city 
line. Changed to Seward. 

Victoria, from Fillmore Ave., east 
to Hill, third north of LeRoy Ave. 

Villa Ave., from 2710 Delaware 
Ave., east to Kasota Ave., first south 
of n(^rth city line. 

Vincennes, from 72 South, east to 
193 Macinaw. 

Vine, from 157 Oak, east to 474 
Michigan. 

Virgil Ave., from Hertel Ave., 
north to Taunton Ave., third east of 
Delaware Ave. 

Virginia, from Erie Canal, north- 
east to 786 Jefferson. Crosses Main at 
837. 

Virginia Pl., (formerly Meech Al.) 
from 472 Virginia, north to 82 Allen. 

VooRHEES, from Amherst, north to 
Hertel Ave., second west of Main. 

WADSwoRTH,from 253 Allen, north- 
west to the Circle. 
Wagner Pl., from 730 Walden 



Ave., north to D. L. & W. R. R., 
fourth east of Bailey Ave. 

Wakefield Ave., from Fillmore 
Ave., east to Hill, second north of 
LeRoy Ave. 

Walden Ave., from 834 Best, east 
to city limits. 

Walden Ave., from 1161 Abbott 
Road, south to 715 Boulevard. 

Waldron Pl., from 1780 Abbott 
Road, northeast to city line. 

Wall, from opposite foot of Main 
to Hamburgh Turnpike, 

Wallace Ave., from Depew Ave., 
north to Taunton Ave., first east of 
Parkside Ave. 

Walnut, from 376 Eagle, north to 
317 Genesee. 

Walter, from 996 Elk, north to 
III 5 Seneca. 

Walter Pl., from Esser Ave., 
south to Chadduck Ave. , second east 
of Tonawanda. 

Walthers, from Genesee, north to 
Puffer. Changed to Wende. 

Warner Ave., (formerly Winslow 
Ave.) from 113 1 Broadway, south to 
W. S. R. R. 

Warren, from 251 Chicago, east to 
Ohio Slip. 

Warring Ave., from 265 Doat, 
north to Genesee, first east of Bailey 
Ave 

Warwick Ave., from Grider, east 
to 2336 Bailey Ave., second south of 
Kensington Ave. 

Washington, from Buffalo River, 
north to 17 High, first east of Main. 

Wasmuth Ave., from Walden Ave. 
north to Genesee, first east of Belt 
Line R. R. 

Wasson, from 1186 Seneca, north 
to W. N. Y. & P. R. R. tracks. 

Water, from 22 Commercial, north- 
west to 271 Erie. 



157 



STR 



Watson, from 670 East Eagle, north 
to 947 Broadway. 

\Vatts, from 155 Tonavvanda, north 
to 4 W'inans. 

Waverly, from 204 Glenwood 
Ave., north to Puffer. 

Wayne, from Erie Canal, east to 
108 Tonavvanda. Crosses Niagara at 
1707. 

Weaver, (formerly Scheu) from 
Clinton, north to 308 Dingens, fifth 
east of Weiss. 

Weaver Al., from Goodell, north 
to 637 Virginia. 

Webb, from 28 Baker, north to 27 
Mechanic. 

Weber, from Genesee, north to 
1405 East Delavan Ave., fourth west 
of east city line. 

Weber Ave., changed to Harriett 
Ave. 

Webster, changed to Maynard. 

Webster Al., from 9 East Seneca, 
south to rear of 201 Main. 

Wecker, (formerly Alexander) from 
Herbert, east to Texas, second south 
of East Delavan Ave. 

Weimar, from Buffalo Creek, north 
to Griswold, first east of Weiss. 

Weimert, from 2105 Seneca to 
Cazenovia Creek. Changed to Prince- 
ton PI. 

Weiss, from Bufifalo Creek, north 
through 1832 Clinton, north to 135 
Dingens. 

Welker, from 282 East Utica, north 
to East Ferry. 

Welland Ave., (formerly Dana) 
from 242 Rano Ave., northwest to 
Crawley Ave., fourth east of Tona- 
wanda. 

Wells, from 122 Exchange, north 
to 121 Seneca. 

Wells Ave., from Mineral Springs 
Road, south to W. N. Y. & P. R. R., 
third southwest of city line. 



Wende. (formerly Walthers) from 
Genesee, north to Puffer, first west of 
Bailey Ave. 

Werrick Al., from 158 Goodell, 
north to 143 Burton. 

Wescott, from 50 Troup, east to 
49 Harrison. 

Wesley Ave, from Beard, north to 
Hertel Ave., first west of Main. 

West Ave., from 268 Carolina, 
north to 105 Alabama, and thence 
north to Scajaquada Creek. 

West Bennett, from 302 Clinton, 
north to 139 William. 

West Ferry, see Ferry, West. 

West Genesee, see Genesee, West. 

West Market, from 124 Elk, north 
to Main and Hamburgh Canal. 

West Parade Ave., from 634 Best, 
north to 593 Northampton. 

West Peckham, from 369 Spring, 
east to 474 Jefferson. 

West Shore, from Miller, east to 
Koons Ave., between Broadway and 
Sycamore, also from May Ave., curv- 
ing south and east to Bailey Ave., first 
south of Walden Ave. 

West Summer, from 90 Richmond 
Ave., north and northwest to 453 
York. Changed to Summer. 

Westchester Ave., from Chau- 
tauqua to Eggert. Changed to Col- 
chester. 

Westchester Ave., from War- 
wick Ave , north to Bayfield, fourth 
east of Norfolk Ave. 

Wex Ave., from 809 Walden Ave., 
south to W. S. R. R. 

Weyand, from Seneca, northeast to 
Frank Ave., fourth southeast of Min- 
eral Springs Road. 

Wheelock, from 2040 Clinton, 
north to Griswold, near east city 
limits. 

White's Corners Road, changed 
to South Park Ave. 



STR 



158 



Whitefield Ave., from 708 South 
Park Ave., east to 420 Boulevard. 

Whitlock, from 104 Page, v^est, 
second north of Hertel Ave. 

Whitney, changed to Meldrum. 

Whitney Pl., from junction of 
Chippewa and Georgia, northwest to 
221 Hudson. 

Wick, from 15 16 Broadway, north 
to W. S. R. R. 

WiGHTMAN Ave., from Oliver, south 
to near Abbott Road, first east of 
Bailey Ave. 

WiLBER, from 503 Hopkins, east. 

Wilcox Ave., from East Delavan 
Ave., south, sixth east of Bailey Ave. 

Wiley Ave., from Skillen, east to 
Kenmore Ave. (north city line), sec- 
ond north of Ontario. 

Wilkes Ave., from 1402 East Del- 
avan Ave., north to Sugar, third east 
of Bailey Ave. 

WiLKESON, from Erie Canal, east to 
202 West Mohawk. 

WiLLARD, from Genesee, south to 
160 Doat, first west from Bailey Ave. 

WiLLET (formerly Stanley), from 
Buffalo Creek, north to Clinton, sixth 
east of Weiss. 

William, from 463 Michigan, east 
to city limits. 

WiLLiAMSViLLE RoAD, changed to 
Bailey Ave. 

Willow Pl., from 30 Kingsley, 
north to Riley, first east of Jefferson. 

Wilson, from 740 William, north to 
1021 Genesee. 

Winans, from 27 Watts, south to 
south line of lot 237. 

Winchester Ave., (formerly 
Indian Church Road.) from 2270 
Seneca, northeast to city line. 

Winchester Ave., from East 
Ferry, north to 520 East Delavan Ave., 
first east of Fillmore Ave. 



Windemere Ave., from 1460 
Abbott Road, southwest to Boulevard. 

Windsor Ave., from Olympic Ave., 
east to Bailey Ave. Changed to Hol- 
born Ave. 

Windsor Ave., from Potomac 
Ave. at junction Chapin Pkwy, north 
to Buffalo Park. 

Winona, from 1134 Elk, north to 
Seneca. 

WiNSLOW Ave., from Dupont, east 
to Moselle, first north of Glen wood 
Ave. 

WiNSLOW Ave., from 1137 Broad- 
way, south to W. S. R. R. Changed 
to Warner Ave. 

Winter, from Massachusetts, north- 
west to Hampshire, fourth southwest 
of West Ferry. 

WiNTHROP Pl., (formerly Lewis Pl.) 
from Sessions Ave., north to Ken- 
more Ave., (north city line), fourth 
east of Delaware Ave, 

Woeppel, from 210 Fillmore Ave., 
west to Humboldt Pkwy. 

WoHLERS Ave., from 538 E. Ferry. 

Woodbridge Ave., from Main, 
west to Parkside Ave., third north of 
Amherst. 

WooDLAW^N Ave., (formerly Barr), 
from 1477 Main to Fillmore Ave., 
second south of East Ferry. 

WooDSiDE Ave., from 783 South 
Park Ave , east to 1635 Abbott Road. 

WooDW^ARD Ave., (formerly Davis 
Ave.) from Humboldt Pkwy., north to 
Crescent Ave., second west of Main. 

Worcester Pl., (formerly High- 
land Pl.) from East Forest Ave., north 
to LeRoy Ave.^ first west of Grider. 

Wyoming Ave., from Military 
Road to N. Y. C. R. R. Changed to 
Arizona. 

Wyoming Ave., from East Ferry, 
north to Kensington Ave., third east 
of Grider. 



159 



STR 



York, from 389 West Ave., north- 
east to 140 Richmond Ave. 

Young, from 1253 Broadway, south 
to N. Y. C. R. R. 

Yates, from 633 Amherst, south to 
Scajaquada Creek. 

Zelmkr, from Genesee, near Bailey 
Ave., south to 260 Doat. 

Zenner (formerly Logan), from 
Geneste, north to Puffer, second west 
of Bailey Ave. 

ZiMMERMANN, from Geucsee, south 
to 80 Doat, 125 feet east of Erie Rail- 
way. 

ZiNNS, from Argus, northeast to 
Skillen, first north of Esser Ave. 

ZiTTEL, from 2166 Seneca, east to 
east city limits. 

ZuRBUCHER, changed to Alexander 
PI. 

Street Railway Routes.— The 

central point of the Buffalo Street 
Railway trolley system is at the junc- 
tion of the Terrace and Main Street, 
where the business office and waiting 
rooms of the company are located. 
Cars run on all lines at frequent inter- 
vals, from 3 to 15 minutes apart, ex- 
cept before 7.00 A. M. and after 10.00 
p. M., when the interval is somewhat 
extended. Fare, 5 cents ; children 
under 12, 3 cents ; children under 5, 
free, with free transfer privileges to the 
nearest available lines. 

Albany and School. — (Wine col- 
or. Circle in front of cars.) From 
foot of Main Street, Main to Niagara, 
Connecticut, Fourteenth. Albany, 
School near Niagara, 6.07 a. m. to 
II. 31 p. M. Time, 27 minutes. Re- 
turning, School, Plymouth Ave. , Hamp- 
shire, Normal Ave., Connecticut, Ni- 
agara, to Main, to foot of Main Street. 
5.40 a. m. to 11.04 P- M. 

Allen and Ferry. — (Green cars). 
From Michigan and Exchange Streets, 
Exchange, Main, Allen, Wadsworth, 



Circle, Fourteenth, Rhode Island, 
Chenango, Ferry to Niagara Street, 
6.30 A. M. to 12.36 night. Time, 34 
minutes. Returning, Niagara and 
Ferry, Hampshire, Winter, Brayton, 
Seventeenth, Connecticut, Normal 
Ave., Jersey, Plymouth, Hudson, 
Cottage, Day's Park, Allen, Main, 
Seneca, Michigan to Exchange Street. 
5 54 A. M. to 12.00 night. 

Bailey Avenue. — (Yellow cars.) 
From junction of Elk and Seneca Sts. 
to Bailey Ave., Triangle, South Park 
Ave. to city line. 5.37 a. m. to 12.07 
night. Time, 23 minutes. Returning, 
same route. 6 00 A. m. to 12.30 night. 
Baynes and Hoyt. — (Green cars.) 
From Michigan and Exchange Streets, 
Exchange, Main, Allen, Wadsworth, 
Circle, Fourteenth, Rhode Island, 
Chenango, Baynes to Forest Ave. 
6.00 A. M. to 1.30 night. Time, 34 
minutes. Returning, Forest Ave. to 
Hoyt, Ferry, Hampshire, Winter, 
Brayton, Seventeenth, Connecticut, 
Normal Ave., York, Plymouth Ave., 
Hudson, Cottage, Virginia, Main, 
Seneca, Michigan, to Exchange Street. 
5.24 A. M. to 12.54 night. 

Broadway. — (Wine color. B in 
front of cars. ) From Terrace on Main, 
to Clinton, Washington, Broadway to 
N. Y. C. tracks, connecting with trol- 
ley cars for Depew and Lancaster. 
5.49 A. M. to 12.00 night, i.oo, 2.00, 
3.00, 4.00, 5.00 A. M. Time, 30 min- 
utes. Returning, N. Y. C. tracks. 
Broadway, Lafayette, Main, West 
Seneca, Pearl, to Terrace. 5.33 a. m. 
to 11.30 p. M., 1.30, 2.30, 3.30, 4-30 

A. M. 

Cazenovia.— (Yellow cars.) From 
Cazenovia and Seneca Streets, Caz- 
enovia to city line. 7.30 a. m. to 7.00 
p. M. Returning, same route. 

Clinton.— (Red cars.) From Main 
and North Division Streets, to Eagle, 
Emslie, Clinton to Bailey Ave. 6.05 
A. M. to 12.00 night. Time, 25 min- 



STR 



i6o 



utes. Returning, Clinton, Michigan, 
North Division to Main Street. 5.40 
A. M. to 11.36 p. M. 

Elk. — (Wine color.) From Main 
and Exchange Streets, Main to Perry, 
Michigan, Elk, to junction of Seneca 
and Elk Streets. 6.07 A. m. to 12.00 
night, 1. 00, 2.00, 3.00, 4.00, 5.00 A. M. 
Time, 30 minutes. Reverse route re- 
turning, 5.37 A.M. to 11.32 p. M., 12.30, 
I 30, 2.30, 3.30, 4-30 A. M. 

Elmwood Avenue. — (Dark red 
cars. E in front of cars.) From Ter- 
race on Main to Virginia, Elmwood to 
Forest Ave., near Buffalo Park. 6.09 
A. M. to 1. 15 night. Time, 30 minutes. 
Returning, Forest and Elmwood Ave. 
to Allen, Main, Huron, Pearl, to Ter- 
race. 5.41 A. M. to 12.45 night. 

Ferry Street. — From Main and 
Ferry Streets, Cold Springs, on East 
Ferry, Ferry to Bailey Ave., to Erie 
R. R. tracks. 5.45 a. m. to 11. 15 p.m. 
Time. 15 minutes. Reverse route re- 
turning. 6.00 A. M. to 11.30 p. M. 

Forest Ave. — (Yellow cars), from 
Main and Harvard Place, on Main to 
Delavan Ave., Delaware, Forest, to 
Niagara Street. 5.50 a. m. to 11.40 
p. M. Time, 23 minutes. Returning, 
Niagara and Forest Ave., Forest Ave., 
Delaware, to Delavan, Linwood, Bal- 
com, to Main Street. 6 00 a. m. to 
11.50 p. M. 

Genesee. — (Dark red cars), from 
Michigan and Exchange Streets, Ex- 
change, Washington, Genesee, to city 
line. 5.57 A. m. to 12 night. Time, 
40 minutes. Returning, City Line, on 
Genesee, Washington, Seneca to 
Michigan and Exchange Streets. 5.57 
A, M. to II. 17 p. M. 

HertelAve. Line. — (Main Street). 
From Main and Hertel Ave., Hertel 
Ave. to Elmwood Ave. 5.40 a. m. to 
10 25 p. M. Time, 10 minutes. Re- 
verse route returning. 5.50 a. m. to 
10.38 p. M. 



Hertel Ave. — (Niagara Street). 
From Niagara and Hertel Ave., Her- 
tel Ave., Tonawanda, O'Neil, to City 
Line. 5.50 a. m. to 10.15 P- m. Time, 

10 minutes. Reverse route returning. 
6.00 A. M. to 10.30 p. M. Connects at 
City Line for Tonawanda. 

Jefferson. — (Red cars). From 
Main and Exchange Streets, Exchange 
to Louisiana, Seneca, South Cedar, 
Swan, Jefferson, Dexter, to Main 
Street, Cold Springs. 5.58 a. m. to 
11.36 p. M. Time, 40 minutes. Re- 
turning, Cold Springs, Main and Dex- 
ter to Jefferson, Swan, South Cedar, 
Seneca, Louisiana, Exchange, to Main 
and Exchange Streets. 5.40 a. m. to 

11 p. M. 

Kensington Avenue. — From 
Washington and Exchange Streets, 
Washington, Genesee, Kehr, Ferry 
Grider, Kensington Ave., Bailey Ave., 
to city line. 6.03 a. m. to 11 p. m. 
Time, 50 minutes. Reverse route re- 
turning. 6 a. M. to IIP. M. 

Main Street. — (Red cars). From 
foot oi Main Street, on Main Street, to 
city line. These cars have sign C. L. 
on front of car. Connect with cars 
for Tonawanda and Williamsville. 
6 A. M. to 11.49 P. M. Time, 45 min- 
utes. Returning, City Line, on Main 
Street, to foot of Main Street. 6 a. m. 
to 12.03 night. 

From foot of Main Street, on Main, 
to Ferry Street. 6 a. m. to 11.49 p- m. 
Time, 27 minutes. Reverse route re- 
turning, 5.34 A. M. to 12. ?i night. 

Night cars run both ways every half 
hour, between Main and to Bailey 
Ave., Kensington, Grider, Ferry, 
Kehr, Genesee, Washington and Sen- 
eca Streets and Depew Ave., Main; 
Street, after 12 night. 

Michigan S t r e e t. — (Red cars). 
From Main and Exchange Streets, 
Exchange, Michigan, Dexter, to Main 
Street, (Car barns). 6 a. m. to 11.37 



..THE MAN .. 
WHO BECAME A SAVAGE 

A STORY OF OUR O >A/ N TIMEIS. 

.. BY .. 

WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, 

Author of "TWO YEARS IN THE JUNGLE," Etc., Etc. 
WITH 16 FULL-PAGE HALF-TONE ILLUSTRATIONS BY CHAS. B. HUDSON. 



SOMETHING NEW IN FICTION. 

THE scenes are laid in Bosiana, a large city in the State of New 
York, in Montana, and in Borneo amongst the head hunters. 
Mr. Jeremiah Rock, a typical business man, became so disgusted 
and wearied with the evils of bad politics, strikes, intemperance and "the 
struggle for existence," that he went to the heart of Borneo, only to 
immediately become involved in helping an old savage to defend his 
country against the gold seekers and traders in rum who sought to over- 
run it. 

The plot, the scenes, the characters, and the author's literary style 
are all different from anything we have ever seen thus far in the line of 
high-grade fiction. In moral tone the story is clean, pure and elevating, 
and while it is full of crisp, bright thoughts and lively action, it is also a 
charming love story. 

We predict that ''The Man Who Became a Savage" will at once find 
a place in the hearts of all lovers of a rattling good story, and a place 
that as yet has been found and filled by no other living author. 

The volume is a crown-octavo of 420 pages, and contains sixteen 
beautiful and very characteristic half-tone illustrations by Hudson. The 
binding is very attractive, and the typography strictly first-class. Both 
the story and setting attract much attention. 

Price, $1.50. Sent post-paid upon receipt of price by tlie Publisliers. 



Cbe Peter Paul Book €o. ''' ^r a\T'' 



i6i 



STR— SUP 



p. M. Time, 30 minutes. Returning, 
(car barns). Dexter, Masten, North, 
Michigan, Exchange, to Exchange 
and Main Streets. 5.30 a. m. to 
11.07 p. M. 

Niagara Street. — (Large dark 
red cars). From Main and Exchange 
Sts. (Terrace), Main to Niagara to 
Forest or Hertel Ave., according to 
sign on cars, 5.39 a. m. to 12.45 night. 
Time, Forest Ave., 26 minutes ; 
Hertel Ave., 33 minutes. Returning, 
Hertel or Forest Ave. on Niagara St., 
to Pearl, to Terrace, to Main and Ex- 
change Sts. 5.39 A. M. to 12.15 night. 
Cars every half hour, both ways, all 
night. 

Seneca Street. — (Yellow cars.) 
From Seneca and Main, on Seneca, to 
City Line. 6.00 a. m. to 12.00 night. 
Time, 33 minutes. Reverse route re- 
turning, 5.57 A. M. to 11.36 p. M. Cars 
every hour, both ways, all night. 

Sycamore Street. — (Yellow cars.) 
From Washington and Exchange, on 
Washington to Huron, Sycamore, 
Walden Avenue and City Line. 5.58 
a. m. to 12.00 night. Time, 35 minutes. 
Reverse route returning. 5.58 a. m. 
to 11.23 p. M. Cars every hour, both 
ways, all night. 

West Ave. and Grant St. — (Dark 
red cars. W in front of cars. ) From 
Terrace, Main, to Niagara, Carolina, 
West Avenue, York, Plymouth 
Avenue, Hampshire, Grant, to City 
Line and Military Road. 6.00 a. m. to 
11.55 p. M. Time, 50 minutes. Re- 
turning, City Line, and Military Road, 
on Grant, Hampshire, Normal Avenue, 
Jersey, Plymouth Avenue, Hudson, 
West Avenue, Carolina, Niagara, 
Huron, Pearl, to Terrace. Forest 
Avenue, 5.27 a. m.; Belt Line, 5.35 
A. M. to 1 1. 15 P. M.; City Line, 6.15 
A. M. to 10.30 p. M, 

William Street. — (Wine color.) 
From Main and North Division Streets, 



Main, Eagle, Michigan, William to 
N. Y. C. tracks. 5.30 a. m. to 11.45. 
p. M. Time 19 minutes. Returning, 
William to Michigan, North Division, 
to Main Street. These cars connect 
with Stock Yard Line ; N. Y. C. tracks, 
William Street to City Line. 5.40 a.m. 
to 11.45 P- M. Time 12 minutes. City 
Line, William Street to N. Y. C. 
tracks. 5.52 a. m. to 11.57 P- m. 

NIAGARA falls LINE. 

Cars of the Buffalo and Niagara 
Falls Electric Railway leave the 
Terrace (Main and Exchange Streets) 
every 15 minutes during the day, 
running on Niagara Street to Connecti- 
cut, to Plymouth Avenue, to Hamp- 
shire, to Grant, to City Line. From 
there through Tonawanda, North Ton- 
awanda, Gratwick, LaSalle and Echota. 
Fare, 35 cents. Round Trip, 50 cents. 

TONAWANDA LINE — (via Main Street. ) 
Cars connect at City Line every 20 
minutes ; 6.20 a. m. to 10.20 p. m. 

Sunday School Associations. — 

Erie County Sunday School As- 
sociation was organized in 1857. It 
has an annual meeting in Buffalo late 
in May or early in June, and a semi- 
annual meeting held in various county 
villages. Its total number of Protes- 
tant children in Sunday Schools is 
52,000. 

Buffalo Sunday School Asso- 
ciation was organized in 1874 and has 
1 10 members. This is a mutual organ- 
ization of Sunday School Superintend- 
ents of the different Sunday Schools of 
the city for the purpose of discussing 
affairs pertaining to the religious train- 
ing of children attending Sunday 
Schools. Meetings are held from time 
to time in the several churches. 

Supervisors. — There is one super- 
visor for each ward in the city, and one 
for each town in Erie County. Their 
Board meets in the City and County 



SUR— TER 



162 



Hall. The office of the Purchasing 
and Auditing Committee is Room 36. 

Surrogate. — The office of the Sur- 
rogate is Room 10, City and County 
Hall. He is allowed a clerk, a first 
assistant clerk, a second assistant 
clerk, three general clerks, a stenogra- 
pher and an officer. 

Suspension Bridge.— (See Niag- 
ara Falls. ) 

Swan Street.— A long street run- 
ning east and west. Years ago this 
street was an aristocratic resident sect- 
ion of the city, but today it is largely 
monopolized by boarding houses. The 
Fitch Accident Hospital is located cor- 
ner Swan and Michigan Streets. 

Symphony Orchestra. — ( See 
Concerts.) 

Synagogues. — The finest syna- 
gogue in the city is Temple Beth Zion 
on Delaware Avenue, between Allen 
and North Streets. The old synagogue 
was bought in 1865, and the new one, 
standing upon the present site, was 
erected in 1890, and is a magnificent 
edifice, with a seating capacity of 
1,000. All the other synagogues are 
situated in different parts of the east 
side. 

Teachers' Association.-TheWom- 

en Teachers' Association, was organiz- 
ed by a few earnest women, Sept. 
16, 1889. Its object is, "To promote 
the welfare of the public schools, to 
cultivate a spirit of sympathy and good 
will among the teachers, to improve 
the character of the work done in the 
schools, to develop the abilities and 
resources of its individual members, 
and to create in the community at 
large a deeper sense of the dignity of 
the teachers' profession and the im- 
portance of the interests they repre- 
sent." Five hundred names are en- 
rolled, which includes about one-half 



of the women teachers in the city. 
Meetings are held the third Monday of 
each month, when papers are read 
and discussed. On May, 1895, was 
purchased a home, the Chapter House, 
built especially for club work. So 
far as is known, there is no other city 
in the United States where teachers 
enjoy a home of their own, and where 
they can assemble at will. Under the 
able management of the president, the 
Association has been most prosperous. 
Every Saturday the home is open for 
the purpose of bringing the teachers 
together socially. A hostess has 
charge, and either a tea, talk or 
musicale takes place. As an out- 
growth of the Women Teachers' As- 
sociation, another society, known as 
the Women Teachers' Mutual Benefit 
Association, was organized in Septem- 
ber, 1891, its object being the payment 
of life insurance and total disability 
claims. 

Temperance Societies. — These 
societies for the furtherance of temper- 
ance, industry and morality among 
all classes, are as follows : Royal 
Templars of Temperance, having 14 
lodges in the city ; Independent Order 
of Good Templars, having six lodges; 
and the Sons of Temperance, having 
four lodges. The majority of these 
lodges hold meetings every two weeks. 
For places of meetings see the city 
directory. 

Tennis. — This game has grown 
steadily in popularity each year. The 
tennis grounds are on Elmwood Ave- 
nue near Ferry Street, and are owned 
by the Buffalo Tennis Club, which was 
organized in 1885. The club has about 
100 members, and its grounds are 
conceded to be among the finest in 
the country. In the winter season the 
grounds are used for a skating rink. 

Terrace. — Begins at 156 Main St. 
and ends at Court. The N. Y.C. & H. 



1 63 



THE— TON 



R. R. have a station here and a good 
portion of the Terrace is taken up by 
their tracks, many large manufacto- 
ries, rag warehouses, etc. Many of 
the ItaHan tenements are located on 
or near the Terrace. 

Theaters. — While there are nine 
theaters in Buffalo, it is not our pur- 
pose to treat of any but those of first 
importance. The Star Theater, corner 
of Pearl and Mohawk Streets, is the 
leading play-house in the city at pres- 
ent, and devoted to the production of 
high-class dramas, operas and comedy 
■plays. The seating capacity is 1,500 
and there are 14 boxes. The lower 
ones cost 115.00 an evening, the upper 
ones $10.00. Regular prices of admis- 
sion are from 25 cents to|i.oo, 25 cents 
securing a seat in the upper balcony. 
The prices vary, sometimes running 
as high as I5.00, according to the 
magnitude of the performers. 

Lyceum Theater. — On Washing- 
ton Street, near Lafayette Square. 
This may be considered the people's 
theater. It has a seating capacity of 
2,200, with ten boxes which are leased 
for I4.00 a night. The regular prices 
are 15 cents for the balcony, to 75 
cents for orchestra chairs. Matinees 
are given on Tuesdays, Thursdays and 
Saturdays. A good class of attractions 
are produced. 

Court Street Theater. — On 
Court Street, near Franklin. This the- 
ater has a seating capacity of 800, 
with boxes which accommodate 100 
persons. The prices range from 15 
cents, for the gallery, to 75 cents for 
orchestra chairs. Matinees are given 
every afternoon during the season. 
The performances given are mostly 
vaudeville and burlesque. Liquors 
and cigars are sold in the theater 
throughout the evening. 

Music Hall (which see) is also 
often used for theatrical perform- 



ances, when a very large audience is 
anticipated. 

There is no charge made for pro- 
grammes at any of the theaters, and 
in some, opera glasses may be obtained 
by dropping a coin in the slot of an 
automatic machine found on the backs 
of the chairs. 

Tifft House. -The New Tifft House 
formerly Tifft House, has been operated 
for over thirty years, and was entirely 
remodeled in 1891 at an expenditure 
of over |2GO,ooo, and thoroughly re- 
novated and newly furnished in the 
spring of 1894, so that today it ranks 
with the modern hotels of the country. 
It is centrally located, being on Main 
Street. There are 200 guest rooms — 
70 of them with bath. Twenty large 
sample rooms supply the wants of the 
commercial traveler. The rates are 
I2.50 to I4.00 per day, American plan, 
and |i.oo to I3.00 per day, European 
plan, according to the location of the 
room. 

Tonawanda, the second greatest 
lumber market in the world, lies mid- 
way between Buffalo and Niagara 
Falls, and it has a happy conceit that 
it will one day annex Buffalo. Be 
this as it may, it is a remarkable little 
city, and either way the annexation 
results it will add to the extent ot 
Greater Buffalo. From the city line 
of Buffalo to the city line of Tona- 
wanda is but a space of three miles, 
so it is plain to be seen that with such 
a small barrier between two progres- 
sive, rapidly-growing cities, the time is 
close at hand when both will virtually 
be one, even though they maintain 
distinct municipal governments. Ton- 
awanda, as it is known to outsiders, 
comprises Tonawanda and North 
Tonawanda, but between the residents 
of the two places there is a friendly 
rivalry. North Tonawanda considers 
itself the most prosperous city in the 



TRE— UNI 



164 



State of New York, and sets forth 
several reasons of high statistical qual- 
ities to that end. Glancing at a com- 
parison in the different periods from 
1880 to 1893 inclusive, we find an in- 
crease in population of over 720 per 
cent. In 1880 the population was 
1,400 ; in 1892 over 8,000, and in 1893, 
over 11,000. For the past three years 
those who claim to know, give the 
opinion that the increase has been 
fully as great, if not greater. Besides 
the increase in population, Tonawanda 
has added many thousands of dollars 
in improvements that make a city, and 
with each new improvement came an 
increase in population and added in- 
dustries. Tonawanda has a great 
harbor and immense dock facilities, 
or it could not take care of lumber to 
422,623,000 feet, as was the case in 
1894. But this is not the limit of her 
capacity. She can handle and store 
greater amounts than that and ship to 
the various points expeditiously, and 
at the same rail or water rate as Buf- 
falo. The harbor can float anything 
that passes over the lakes, and that, 
no doubt, has been the principal rea- 
son for making it so great a lumber 
city. Tonawanda has many fine brick 
and stone buildings. She has churches, 
schools, banks and office buildings, 
all built on the modern plan. She 
has an electric light plant and four 
electric car lines. One" leads to the 
Falls and the others connect with 
Buffalo. It will take but a few years 
to come to a time when if a man 
should get lost in the suburbs of either 
Buffalo or Tonawanda, and not know- 
ing his landmarks, would find it im- 
possible to tell which city he is in. 
Tonawanda has one of the greatest 
iron industries in this part of the State 
—a furnace for the production of the 
best pig iron to be found in the United 
States. This furnace has a capacity of 
200 gross tons per day. The product, 
which is a high grade of strong foun- 



dry iron, is shipped all over the world. 
This industry has a capital of f 500, 000. 
Here is located an extensive plant for 
the manufacture of a machine familiar 
to thousands of children and called a 
merry-go-round. At these works are 
manufactured canal boat supplies, a 
patent steering wheel, agricultural 
implements, feed cutters and iron rol- 
lers. Another branch of this industry 
is a syphon condensing engine for the 
saving of fuel. A wonderful machine, 
which will doubtless increase the fame 
of Tonawanda, is a refrigerating and 
calorific apparatus for attachment to 
freight cars. This machine produces 
cold or heat at the will of the operator 
and is the result of forty years' study 
and experiment. 

« 

Treasurer's Department, — con- 
sists of a city treasurer whose salary 
is $5,000 ; a deputy at |2,5oo, a cashier 
at|i,5oo; two paying tellers at $1,500 
each, a bookkeeper at $1,200, an as- 
sistant at |i,ooo, a warrant clerk at 
|i,ooo, and five clerks at $900 each. 
Offices on the ground floor of the city 
hall. 

Twentieth Century Club.— Was 

organized in 1894. The Club-house 
is located at 595 Delaware Avenue. 
Meetings are held every Tuesday 
morning at 11 o'clock, during the 
months from October to June. The 
Club has 300 members and has erected 
a beautiful home at a cost of $75,000. 

Typotlietse, Buffalo. — Organ- 
ized in June, 1892, is an association of 
employing printers organized for the 
purpose of discussing practical sub- 
jects connected with the printing 
trades. The social features are made 
attractive by frequent dinners and an 
annual banquet. The membership is 
thirty-six firms at present. 

Unitarian Churcli. — The Unitar- 
ian church of the city is the 



i65 



UNI 



Church of Our Father (First 
Unitarian), Delaware Avenue, above 
Mohawk Street. 

United German and French 
Roman Catholic Cemetery. — This 
burial ground was organized in 1859. 
The old ground is situated on the west 
side of the Pine Hill Road, between 
Delavan Avenue and East Genesee 
Street, and covers about 25 acres. To 
the south of the main road as one 
enters the cemetery, is seen the large 
Kam monument — a life-size statue of 
the Virgin Mary standing on a pedes- 
tal of granite. The George Baldus 
monument is another beautiful piece 
of work. This is situated at the north 
of the road, and is a monument cut 
from a solid piece of granite in the 
form of an immense square and is 
highly polished. Many other hand- 
some monuments are seen, such as 
the Krumholz, Hager, Schumann, etc. 
The new ground, bought in latter 
years, is located to the left of the 
road, or directly opposite the old 
ground. The new grounds contain 
28 acres, to which many of the remains 
from the old Catholic cemetery on 
North, near Masten Street, were re- 
moved in 1879. On entering these 
grounds the first object which attracts 
the eye is a large crucifix standing 39 
feet high, and cut from a solid piece of 
granite. The figure on the cross is 
nine feet in height and can be seen 
from a great distance. This cross is 
the largest in the country. Directly 
opposite the crucifix is the Strauss 
monument, representing the mother of 
Christ, holding her son after He had 
been crucified. The figures are life- 
size and rest upon a large pedestal of 
granite. To the left of the entrance is 
the Lang monument, in the shape of a 
large pyramid, built of red polished 
granite. The Fornes monument is 
another fine one. It is the highest 
in the cemetery. There is also a very 



elaborate bit of work near the center 
of the cemetery, a monument formed 
like a dome, in the chamber of which 
stands a statue of the Virgin Mary. 
The Phohl, Lautz and several others 
are also very beautiful. Visitors are 
always permitted to enter the grounds 
at reasonable hours. 

United Press. — This is an organ- 
ization for gathering news from all 
parts of the world and distributing 
same to the newspapers. It supplies 
several of the city papers with their 
outside news. The office of the com- 
pany is located on the ninth floor of 
the Ellicott Square Building. 

United States Civil Service 
Commissioners. — There are three 
Commissioners. Regular semi-annual 
examinations are held in each Post- 
office which was classified prior to 
January 5, 1893, on the first Tuesdays 
of February and August in each year ; 
at all other offices the examinations 
are held on the first Saturdays in June 
and December, and applications for 
these examinations must be filed with 
the Secretary of the Board of Exam- 
iners at least twenty days before the 
examination. All applicants must 
weigh not less than 125 pounds and be 
at least five feet three inches in height. 

United States Pension Agency. 

— The Buffalo United States Pension 
Agency is located on the third floor of 
the Mooney-Brisbane Building, where 
the number of pensioners on roll, is 
46,205. This agency district com- 
prises thirty-seven counties in Western 
New York. The amount paid out 
each quarter is $1,635,505.26 ; quar- 
terly payments occurring, January 4, 
April 4, July 4 and October 4. To 
such pensioners as reside a distance 
from Buffalo, vouchers are sent by 
mail. 

Universalist Churches. — The 

Universalist churches of the city are : 



UNI— VER i66 

Church of the Messiah. — North, accordance with the most modern 

corner Mariner Street. ideas of heating, plumbing and ven- 

Grace. — Chenango, corner West tilation. It is finished entirely with 

Ferry Street. terra cotta, pressed brick, iron and 

hard wood, than which nothing can be 

University Club.— The Univer- mo.re attractive. It contains three 
sity Club of Buffalo was incorporated large amphitheaters of varying sizes, a 
in December, 1894. Only those per- chemical laboratory in which 96 stu- 
sons are eligible to membership "who dents can work at one time, and other 
shall have received from a University laboratories with every convenience 
or College a degree, to obtain which, for practical work in histology, pathol- 
in regular course, at least three years' ogy, physiology and bacteriology, 
residence and undergraduate study The dissecting room is beautifully 
are required, (exclusive of Theological, lighted and ventilated, and is overgo 
Medical and Legal schools) or who feet long, with asphalt floor, (as have 
shall have received an honorary de- all the large laboratories and halls,) 
gree from such University or College, and is considered to be the best of its 
or who shall have graduated at the kind in the country. The college li- 
United States Military Academy or at brary contains about 5,000 volumes, 
the United States Naval Academy; admirably selected for reference and 
provided that, in the case of the holder study, and freely accessible to stu- 
of an honorary degree, the candidate dents ; the leading medical journals 
shall be distinguished in literature, art, are constantly on file, and a competent 
science or the public service." The librarian is in daily attendance from 
number of resident members is limited 9 a. m. to 6 p. m. The University has 
to 250, and this number is practically departments in medicine, law, den- 
completed. Including non-resident, tistry, pharmacy, and pedagogy. The 
army and honorary members, the following comprise the fees required 
membership is about 260. ' The Club of the medical student for a three 
House is at 884 Main Street, between years' course : 

Virginia and Allen Streets, and was Matriculation ($5 each year) $15.00 

opened March I, 1895. It supplies all Regular ticket, including all required 

of the usual accommodations of a club eadf^'-ea?) ^""^ ^^^0^^'°^^ *^^^' ^^^°° 

and makes a specialty of the library. „ ^^'^ !-^^^ /* I .„' „ 

TT r J c 11 ^- c Examination, ($10 each year 30.00 

Here are found a fine collection of 

works of reference, of biography, an'l $345-00 
of books pertaining to colleges and Students taking a four years' course 
educational matters, and one of the will be required to pay only the Ma- 
best collections of periodicals in the triculation and Examination fees for 
city. During the winter months ad- the fourth year, 
dresses are given monthly by presi- 
dents of the various colleges and other Vermonters, Society of.— The 
prominent educators. Buffalo Society of Vermonters was 

organized September i, 1894. Only 

University of Buffalo. — Buffalo native born Vermonters, their sons and 

University was organized in 1845. The daughters and husbands and wives 

new four-story building erected in and graduates of Vermont colleges are 

1893, covers a ground area of 12,000 eligible for membership. The annual 

square feet, and has a frontage of 160 dues for men are one dollar. The 

feet on High Street. It is built in objects of the society are purely social. 



i67 



VET— WAT 



An annual picnic is held in September 
at which time officers are elected, and 
a banquet is given during the winter 
months. The membership is about 
150. 

Veteran Volunteer Firemen's 
Association. — Organized in 1893 and 
now has 215 members. All members 
must have a certificate of having 
served in the old Volunteer Fire De- 
partment, and no one is accepted 
unless he has such certificate. Meet- 
ings are held the third Thursday of 
each month at the old Niagara Hose 
Co. House, 177 Pine Street. 

Victoria. — (See Fort Erie.) 

Vital Statistics, Bureau of — 

This branch of the Health Department 
is delegated the work of compiling 
the annual tabular statement of deaths, 
births and marriages which take place 
within the city during the year. The 
statistics of the deaths are well kept, 
but those of births and marriages are 
less regularly reported, and the tables 
therefore are somewhat incomplete. 
Every physician is required to give a 
certificate of the death of any person 
under his charge, with sex, age, place 
of nativity, married or unmarried, and 
cause of death, and this is presented 
to the Bureau and a burial permit 
issued. The city of Buffalo probably 
has no prouder distinction than the 
pre-eminent place it occupies among 
the cities of the country in point of 
public health. The death rate for the 
year 1895 was only 13.95 P^r 1,000 
inhabitants. The total number of 
births for 1895, was 8,081 ; marriages, 
2,427 ; deaths, 4,684. 

Vocal Society. — The Buffalo Vo- 
cal Society was organized in 1883, 
There are about 200 active and 250 
subscribing members. The dues for 
active membership are $2 per year, 
subscribing members, $5. Meetings 



are held every Tuesday evening in the 
Y. M. C. A. Building, Mohawk and 
Pearl Streets. Two concerts are 
given each season, to which active 
members are given two tickets and 
subscribing members four tickets. 

Washington Market.— Situated 
on the square between Washington, 
Chippewa and Ellicott Streets is a 
large brick building and the largest 
retail market in Buffalo. It belongs to 
the city and is under the direction of 
the Superintendent of Markets. All 
the stalls within the market building 
are leased by butchers. Upon the 
outside of the market are stalls where 
dressed poultry, butter, fruits and 
vegetables may be bought. The 
various products are tastefully and 
effectively displayed. Wagons are 
allowed to stand on the side of the 
streets which surround the market- 
place, and pedestrians walk along the 
sidewalks and buy from these wagons. 
Then there are stalls in front of the 
market where crockery, tins, knit- 
goods and variety articles of all sorts 
may be bought. Saturday,is of course, 
the greatest market day and upon that 
dayfromearlymorning till midnight the 
narrow pavements between the stalls 
are so crowded that even market-men 
and farmers can scarcely find room to 
move about. The market is lit by gas 
and many of the outside stands use 
torch lights, so that as one approaches 
the market at night the scene is a 
brilliant and active one. The principal 
market days are Tuesdays, Thursdays 
and Saturdays, Saturday night being 
the only night the market is open. 

Washington Street. — Begins 
at Buffalo River and runs north to 17 
High Street. An important business 
street. 

Water. — The Water Department 
is owned by the city. Its valuation is 
16,962,000. The service is what is 



WAT— VVOM 



i68 



known as high pressure. The water 
is unlimited and pure from Lake Erie, 
at head of Niagara River, outside of 
contamination Hne. The capacity of 
the pumping station is 145,000,000 
gallons per day. The water rate is 
low. 

Water, Bureau of.— (See Public 

Works.) 

White Building.— This building, 
located at 292-298 Main Street, just 
opposite Ellicott Square Building, was 
erected in 1881, and is of red brick, 
seven stories high, and extending 
through to Erie Street. It is the old- 
est modern fire-proof building in the 
city. The ground floor is one large 
store, the balance of the building 
being used for offices, of which there 
are 1 14. There is a double passenger 
elevator. 

Williamsville.— A northern 
suburb of Buffalo and reached by 
electric cars ; the Williamsville 
trolleys connecting with those of 
Buffalo at the city line. The popu- 
lation is about 800 and many persons 
living here do business in the city. 
There are two or three small hotels. 

Woman's l^xchange. — Room 42 
White Building, 298 Main Street, was 
organized May i, 1886. Its object is a 
complication of benefits as diverse as 
the enumerable industries which afford 
skilled and unskilled employment for 
women, from the daintiest piece of 
art-work in painting or embroidery, 
down to darning stockings or baking 
bread, and is under the management 
of one woman, who is also the pro- 
jector and founder of the Exchange. 
The rules for its government are few 
and simple. The one requisite de- 
manded being perfection in every de- 
partment. Hence, specialists are 
employed and consequently it is en- 
abled to do any kind of work, from 
weaving rag rugs to repairing and 



cleansing the finest lace, from furnish- 
ing a dainty luncheon from menu card 
to every particular dish indicated 
thereon. No tickets of admission are 
required to enter work in this Ex- 
change. Ten per cent, is charged on 
all sales and 15 per cent, on price 
received for ordered work. This per 
cent, which must be paid when goods 
are entered, entitles them to remain 
one year, at the expiration of which 
time they must be withdrawn, one-half 
the paid per cent, being refunded, or 
re-entered. If withdrawn during the 
year the per cent, is forfeited by the 
contributor. Luncheons are served 
daily in the Exchange from 12 to 3 p.m. 

Woman's Hospital. — This hos- 
pital, organized in 1886, is located at 
191 Georgia, corner of Seventh Street. 
Terms are : patients in the ward,|7 to 
|io per week, private rooms, |i2 to 
^25 per week. Poor persons are also 
received, if a bed be vacant, free of 
charge and none turned away who 
can be cared for. 

Women's Christian Associa- 
tion. — At Niagara Square and Court 
Street, was organized in 1870 and has 
now about 300 active members and 40 
honorary members. The objects of 
the Association are to promote the 
spiritual, moral, mental, intellectual 
and physical welfare of women, to 
clothe the destitute children who have 
not sufficient means to make them- 
selves fit to appear in Sunday or day 
school. Also to aid any adults who 
are too poor to provide themselves 
with suitable clothing. The house 
contains 48 rooms, both single and 
double. Board costs from $2.75 to $3 
per week, and accommodation is fur- 
nished|at low rates to those awaiting 
situations, who may be without homes. 
Lone women, desiring protection, may 
always depend upon a welcome. In 
connection with the Women's Christian 
Association an employment office is 



Prescription for that "Tired Feeling." 



■jg One trip to mooaiawn BcacD. 

Via the Steamer ''Puritan'' 3 



I I 



Positive C2ire gitaranteed. 



DR. YOURSELF. 



Full directions, giving size of dose, etc., will be found at our 
offices, 27 Lewis Building, and at ^lOOdlawn Bcacb. 



A SURE WINNER 



Invest in Woodlawn Beach Securities, Stock or Land. 
America's Delightful Summer Resort. 



SIX MILES UP SOUTH SHORE OF LAKE ERIE. 



woodlawn • BEACH • COMPANY 

GENERAL OFFICE: 27 LEWIS BLDG., 

BUFFALO. N. Y. 



169 



WOM— woo 



conducted at 125 Court Street, where 
dressmakers, seamstresses, house- 
keepers, cooks, housemaids, nurses, 
governesses, stenographers, type- 
writers, girls for general office work, 
book-keeping, packing, labeling, etc., 
may be secured. Any woman may 
become an active member of this As- 
sociation by the payment of one dollar 
annually, an honorary member by the 
payment of five dollars annually, and 
a life member by the payment of 
twenty-five dollars at any one time. 

Women's Educational and In- 
dustrial Union, 86 Delaware Ave- 
nue, corner Niagara Square, was or- 
ganized in 1884, and has now about 
1,000 members. Its purpose is to in- 
crease fellowship among women, in 
order to promote the best practical 
methods for securing their educational, 
industrial and social advancement. It 
gives constant endeavor in behalf of 
justice and morality. Since its organ- 
ization more than eleven thousand 
dollars have been collected for worthy 
women and several important state 
and local reforms accomplished. From 
the employment department the Union 
furnishes book-keepers, stenographers, 
telegraphers, copyists, clerks, govern- 
esses, matrons, nurses, housekeepers, 
seamstresses, and other desirable 
women employees, from all of whom 
good references are required. The 
employment department does not in- 
clude a regular intelligence office for 
domestic servants. Applications are 
received from women desiring places 
in families as cooks, housemaids and 
laundresses, and as far as possible 
positions are supplied. The Union 
depends upon the income received 
from membership dues for its general 
expenses. Entertainments of a literary 
and musical character are given once 
a month, which are free to the public 
as well as to members of the Union, 
The department of philanthropy have 



charge of all matters pertaining to 
practical philanthropy. It acts as a 
befriending committee to members of 
the Union who are sick or in need. 
It co-operates with the Charity Organ- 
ization Society in its efforts for the 
prevention and decrease of pauperism. 
All cases are carefully investigated 
before relief is given. The building 
occupied by the Women's Educational 
and Industrial Union is a handsome 
brick structure with ample facilities for 
increasing the noble work. The Union 
Hall, which has a seating capacity for 
five hundred and fifty, and a new 
Steinway Grand piano, is for rent for 
concerts, recitals, theatricals and lec- 
tures ; and is most accessible, being lo- 
cated on the ground floor. The large 
corner room on the second floor may 
be secured for clubs and other meet- 
ings at a reasonable rental. Seating 
capacity over two hundred. 

Womens' Press Clubs. — (See 
The Scribblers. ) 

Woodlawn Beach. — Is a delight- 
ful combination of grove, beach and 
lawn situated on the American shore 
of Lake Erie, six miles from the City 
Hall. Four lines of railroad and a 
trolley line make it easy of access at 
all times, and during the summer 
season two boats run constantly be- 
tween the beach and the foot of Main 
Street. Woodlawn has been for many 
years the favorite rendevous for 
country drives. Excellent accommo- 
dations are provided for both man and 
beast, and Buffalo's system of parks 
and boulevards lead nearly to the 
grounds. The beach averages nearly 
two hundred feet in width, of hard 
white sand sloping gradually from the 
grove to the water's edge. The grove 
comprises thirty acres of stately forest 
trees, without any underbrush. 
Throughout the grove are tables, 
benches, swings, walks, merry-go- 
round, shooting gallery, toboggan 



WOR— YOU 



170 



slide, bowling alleys, billiard hall and 
other forms of amusement. An 
elegant dancing hall is one of the most 
popular attractions. A large dining 
hall and restaurant adjoin the dancing 
pavillion and from it one can enjoy a 
beautiful view of the lake, Buffalo 
Harbor and the Canadian shore. A 
well appointed hotel occupies a com- 
manding position in the grove and 
yet offers a retired and restful home 
for its guests. The grounds are illum- 
inated by electricity and water is sup- 
plied to all pans by a pumping plant 
and system of pipes. Exceptional 
advantages^^are afforded to campers, 
and Woodlawn's white city during the 
summer, numbers a thousand or more 
inhabitants. 

Working Boys' Home. — (See 

Benevolent Societies, Institutions and 
Charities.) 

Yacht Club.— The Buffalo Yacht 
Club was organized in i860 and incor- 
porated in 1880. In the early history 
of the club it was not so general for 
men to own a private yacht, so that 
the fleet was not so large as it is today. 
Of late, however, the membership has 
rapidly increased, until now it is about 
225. The club-house is situated at the 
foot of Porter Avenue and is a com- 
modious three-story structure, erected 
in 1893 at a cost of about ^12,000. The 
first floor contains a restaurant, recep- 
tion rooms, smoking room with an 
inticing cozy corner, office, etc., while 
the third floor is taken up entirely by 
a dancing hall. The house is finished 
throughout in natural wood and has 
an exceptionally fine approach, as the 
parkways lead nearly to the club- 
house, which has double balconies and 
is lighted by electricity. All members 
are elected by ballot of the Board of 
Directors, The membership is divided 
into five classes: Honory, Life, Ac- 
tive, Junior and Non-resident. All 
active members, upon election, must 



pay an entrance fee of $25.00, while 
the annual dues are I15.00, payable 
semi - annually in advance. Four 
schooners, seven cutters, ten sloops 
and cat boats, and eight steamers con- 
stitute the present fleet of the Club. 
The Buffalo Yacht Club has been rep- 
resented in many important regattas 
and has won valuable trophies. Aside 
from contests with the different clubs 
of the Inter-Lake Yacht Racing Asso- 
ciation, the Club during the season 
sustain several regattas which have 
been a great success, and one day in 
each month is set aside as Ladies' 
Day, when, after a royal cruise on the 
lake an informal hop is given in the 
club house. 

Young Men's Christian Asso- 
ciation. — The Buffalo Association 
was organized in 1852 and now occu- 
pies its own building on Pearl, Mo- 
hawk and West Genesee Streets. The 
building is of brick, four stories high, 
and is all used by the Association, 
except the first floor. The building 
was erected in 1884 and is fitted up 
with gymnasium, bowling alleys, 
baths, reception parlors, reading room, 
etc. Any respectable young man may 
become a member upon payment of 
the annual dues, which are $10, which 
includes all privileges. Lectures, con- 
certs and entertaiments are given dur- 
ing the season, and no effort is spared 
to make the Association both a religi- 
ous and social benefit to its members. 
Open daily from 8.30 a. m. to 10 p. m. 

Youngstown. — About 33 miles 
from Buffalo, and reached by boat 
from Lewiston. There is good hotel 
accommodation. About a mile from 
the village is located Fort Niagara, a 
United States military post. All along 
the river bank from Lewiston to 
Youngstown are many beautiful sum- 
mer homes, while sailing and fishing 
are excellent and much indulged in by 
the summer visitor. 




ROCK OF AGES. 
(American and Central Falls to the Right.) 



.NIAGARA AS IT IS. 



"The grandest spectacle it was ever 
given man to beliold." — Max O'Eell. 




T IS a remarkable fact that thousands of 
people, many of them from long dis- 
tances, and even from foreign lands, are 
drawn to the marvelous scenery of Niagara 
Falls every year, who never behold the object 
of their journey. 

These people have eyes but they see not. 
They turn from this most astounding of earth's natural won- 
ders disappointed, solely because they have failed to obtain a 
right comprehension of the mighty spectacle, such as is due 
to every visitor. Where lies the fault ? Perhaps in them- 
selves, more likely in their stupid guides ; certainly not in 
the cataract. 

It is the object of the present work to help every visitor 
to see the Niagara cataract in all its greatness as it is. 
The writer assumes the impossibility of anyone obtaining 
a fair conception of the stupendous waterfall and going 
away unsatisfied. He hopes to direct attention to its features 
tnroughout so completely and systematically that whoever 
accepts his guidance, be it for a day or a month, will obtain 



174 Niagara as It Is. 

so perfect an acquaintance with these wonderful scenes that 
when the visitor turns away from them it will be with highest 
expectations far more than realized. 

What is Niagara? 

Four principal features of the matchless wonder contrib- 
ute chiefly toward answering this question. 

The Niagara, extending from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, 
I. A Vast ^ distance of 36 miles, is in everything but length 
River. one of the world's greatest rivers. Its volume 
considerably exceeds that of the Mississippi, and is unvary 
ing the year round. The drainage of more than one-fourth of 
the North American continent, including the chain of Great 
American Lakes, with Superior at the head, passes between 
,^^ Niagara's banks and over 

"4^'".' ^^^ ^^^ precipice. It is com- 



^^^ 

'^ \ ^' puted that nearly one hun- 

MississipTi ".---Jw dred million tons of water 

^M&WMk^^Wf^^^^ P^ss a given point in its 

Fig, I. Niagara's Volume, Compared With COUrse every hour. 
That of Other 'Large Rivers. 

I n places the river 

spreads out nearly two miles in width ; its average depth is 

about 20 feet. Yet, withal, the current of Niagara, from lake 

to lake, is so swift that, unlike other rivers of its latitude, it 

never freezes over. 

Every gallon of water in this remarkable river makes the 
2. A stupendous enormous fall of from 158 to 167 feet over 
^^ii* the shelving limestone at the cataract, not 

to mention the additional fall in the rapids, which will pres- 
ently be noticed. 

Pause a moment ! The height from which this mighty 
stream falls is greater than that of the average tall church- 
spire, and more than twice the height of a lofty seven-story 
building. What marvel is it that visitors look up from the foot 
of the great cataract, exclaiming '' Wonderful ! Wonderful!" 




Niagara as It Is. 



^75 



as they behold Niagara, with Hghtning speed and thunderous 
tones, shooting over the dizzy heights, as if issuing from 
the sky. 

The rapids of Niagara, which to most persons are as 
3. The Furious impressive as the cataract itself, represent in 

Rapids. two sections a total descent of 153 feet, wholly 

additional to the Falls proper. The Upper Rapids extend a 
mile above the Falls, and consist of a precipitation of 55 feet 




HLGH 
CHURCH SPIRE, 



7 STORY 
BUILDING. 



Fig. 2. A Correct Idea of the Cataract's Height by Scale of Feet. 

Greater Than a Tall Church Spire ; More Than Double 

That of a Seven-story Block. 

over ledges of rock and around picturesque islands. The 
Lower or Whirlpool Rapids are formed by a descent in the 
Niagara of 98 feet in seven miles, through a remarkably 
narrow pass, producing some most wonderful effects ; these 
are alluded to in later pages. 

The fact escapes the attention of many visitors, that the 
Niagara River thus makes the enormous total descent of 311 
feet, or nearly twice the height of the Falls proper, as shown 
in Fig. 3, in the stretch of only eight miles below the be- 
ginning of the Upper Rapids. 



176 



Niagara as It Is. 



The great Niagara Canon, extending from the Falls for 

4. The Marvelous Seven miles through solid rock to Lewiston 

Gorge. Heights, is a most astounding sight. It was 

formed by the wearing away process of the falhng riven 

the Falls having receded from Lewiston. (See Fig. 5.) 

The average height of the rocky cliffs, at the sides, is 
upwards of 200 feet above the river's surface. It is reason- 
able to suppose that the depth below the water's level is 400 
feet or more. The width at the top is 1,200 feet on the 

average. This wonderful gorge is 
one of the most convincing evi- 
dences of nature's power. 

Niagara's chief wonders having 
thus been indicated, it now re- 
mains to consider, one by one, the 
numerous points from which the 
best views of its incomparable 
scenery may be obtained. 

Vantage Points. 




UPPER 
RAPIDS 55 
FEET FALL 
IN ONE 

MILE. 



THE 
CATARACT 

15S-167 
FEET FALL. 



LOWER 
RAPIDS 98 
FEET FALL 
IN SEVEN 

MILES. 



On the Bird's-Eye Key given 
at page 16, all the more desirable 
points of observation are shown by 
numbers, and these correspond with 
the numbered descriptions of the 
respective views. Hence the reader 

Fig. 3. Niagara's Total Fall, has but tO proceed from Spot tO 
311 Feet in Eight Miles. -^ ^ 

Spot, book in hand, to have pointed 
out whatever is deserving of notice. To best serve this end, 
the matter relating to each vicinity is given under various 
heads, as follows : 

''On the Spot." — Containing a brief introduction, and 
pointing out concisely but clearly all features of interest ; to be 
read in presence of the scene, as an aid to the proper appre- 
ciation of its special points. 



Niagara as It Is. 



177 



''At Leisure." — Under this caption will be set forth infor- 
mation bearing upon the various points, the reading of which 
<:fA r^*/^« may be deferred until at leisure 

rc^r-^^LM^Srh moments. Separate chapters are 














Kj> devoted to Suggestions for Visitors, 
^!*' Tours, etc. 

1-— "Dangers and Incidents." — - 

.^,7.-_._ In her greatness, Niagara must not 

i^^J^ be trifled with. The fact should- 

be kept in mind that scores, per- 

Fig. 4. See Thrilling Narrative haps hundreds, of lives have been 
OF Avery o n the Rock, the ^ 

Efforts to Save Him, and His lost at Niagara Falls, frequently as: 

Death, page 206. ° , -^ -^ 

the result of ignorance or careless- 
ness or the disregard of plain warnings. Not a year passes 
but Niagara numbers one or more victims. 

Under the various heads are presented such suggestions 
as will render the tourist's vi,3it a safe one. Whatever inci- 
dents and accidents are known to have occurred in each 
vicinity, suicides — of which there have been many — excepted, 
are briefly recounted. 

''Impressions of Vis- 
itors." — No other spot 
on earth attracts so many 
sight-seers, American and 
foreign, as does Niagara 
Falls. Among its visit- 
ors in the past have been 
some of the greatest of 
scholars, poets, statesmen 
and artists, many of whom 
have recorded their im- 
pressions of the scenery. 

The author of the pres- 




Fig. 5. The Marvelous Gorge, Worn Through 
Solid Rock for a Distance of Seven Miles 
BY the Niagara. Estimated depth, 600 feet. 



ent work has brought together, and offers throughout these 
pages, a long list of such impressions. This is done for the 



1 78 Niagara as It Is. 

reason that many who visit Niagara will the better appre- 
ciate each scene for knowing what a Dickens, a Hawthorne, 
a Tyndall or an Irving have thought and said of the great 
cataract. As these impressions appear usually in connection 
with the views to which they directly refer, it is deemed 
appropriate, in the present connection, to append some 
general impressions, relating to this great wonder as a whole. 

Impressions of Visitors. 

"To what can Niagara be compared, that unrivaled, everlasting phe- 
nomenon, to the magnificence of which we can never become accustomed." 
— Offenbach. 

" The first emotion on viewing Niagara is that of familiarity. Ever after 
its strangeness increases. The surprise is none the less a surprise, because 
it is kept until the last, and the marvel, making itself felt in every nerve, all 
the more fully possesses you. It is as if Niagara reserved her magnificence 
and preferred to win your heart with her beauty. In all of the aspects of 
Niagara there is a grave simplicity, which is perhaps a reflection of the 
spectator's soul, for once utterly dismantled of affectation and convention. In 
the vulgar reaction from this, you can, of course, be as trivial, if you like, 
at Niagara as elsewhere." — IV. D. Hozvells. 

"To have Niagara before me, lighted by the sun and by the moon, red in 
the day's decline, and gray as evening slowly fell upon it ; to look upon it 
every day, and wake up in the night and hear its ceaseless voice ; this was 
enough. I think, in every quiet season now, still do those waters roll and 
leap, and roar and tumble, all day long ; still are the rainbows spanning 
them a hundred feet below. Still, when the sun is on them, do they shine 
and glow like molten gold. Still, when the day is gloomy, do they fall like 
snow or roll down the rock like dense white smoke." — Charles Dickens. 

"The universe does not afford its parallel." — Henrie^in, ibjS. 

' ' Nature has reversed the usual order of her works to command the rever- 
ence and awe of humanity. Taking her rainbow from the skies, she set it in 
the midst of a river-fall, surrounded by clouds that lie below our feet ; 
planting her high trees at the base of the cliffs, she causes their summits to 
be viewed from above ; providing an almost inconceivable avalanche of 
waters, she allows them to be observed from below as if pouring out of the 
clouds, and in the coldest season without the aid of heat her mighty cloud of 
vapor rises." — 7\ //older. 



Niagara as It Is. 179 

"Niagara Falls is not simply the crowning glory of the state, but the 
highest distinction of the nation and the continent. No other like gift of 
nature equally holds the interest of the world at large, or operates equally 
as an inducement to crossing the ocean." — Nezu York State Commis- 
s/ofie?'s' Report . 

" Here speaks the voice of God — let man be dumb, 
Nor with his vain aspiring hither come. 

That voice impels the hollow-sounding floods, 
And like the Presence fills the distant woods. 
These groaning rocks the Almighty's finger piled ; 
For ages here His painted bow has smiled, 

Mocking the changes and the chance of time — 
Eternal, beautiful, serene, sublime !" 

— Willis G. Clark. 

"Quickened by the emotions there aroused, the blood sped exultingly 
through the arteries, abolishing introspection, clearing the heart of all bitter- 
ness, and enabling one to think with tolerance, if not with tenderness, on the 
most relentless and unreasonable foe." — Prof. Tyndall. 

' ' I had in the course of my life beheld some of the most celebrated scenes 
of nature — Etna and Vesuvius; the Andes almost at the highest point of 
elevation ; Cape Horn, rugged and bleak, buffeted by the southern tempest — 
but nothmg I have ever seen or imagined can compare with the Falls of 
Niagara." — Thomas Day. 

"Be proud that your country has this miracle of beauty. Stay long 
enough to let its blessed influence melt into your soul and to allow its image 
of grace and loveliness to be etched upon your mind. Come with your bride 
in the golden hour of love ; come with your wife and children in your prime 
and vigor ; come to be uplifted, vitalized, and strengthened in moments of 
depression and despondency ; come to be rendered more happy in moments 
of joy. At no other spot will one be more inclined to utter a prayer of 
thankfulness that in his little day he has been permitted to behold the 
eternal image of the Creator's energy — His power manifest in its terrific 
might ; His goodness in its beauty and sunlight and perpetual bow of 
promise." — Ja7nes Fraze7' Ghick. 






^' 







Prospect Park in Winter. 



Suggestions for Visitors. 




--^u,- 



Attention to the following information, including that given 
under ''Tours Arranged for Seeing Ni- 
agara," will be the means of saving the 
visitor money, time and vexation. 

A RELIABLE GUIDE-BOOK shouM be the 
first provision towards seeing Niagara 
well and economically. Such a one is 
^''Niagara as It Is;'' it will save you 
many times its cost. 

From the Train. — Your hotel or the 
leading points of interest may be reached 
by the following means : 
.s:. — By carriage, to be engaged of the agent on the train, 
or by taking a hotel omnibus. 

2d. — By walking. The distance from the American rail- 
roads to the hotels is hardly one-fourth of a mile, and to the 
Frills (Prospect Park) and Islands less than half a mile. 

3d. — Bystreet-car. A line leading near to the American 
Fall and other points passes the stations ; fare five cents. 

How Long to Stay. — You have, perhaps, come from a 
long distance, and for once in a lifetime — then why not stay a 
sufficient time to enjoy thoroughly the grandest scenery on 
earth? The char??is of the great cataract increase with every 
day of further acquaintance. Unless you are forced to make 
a brief visit, do not think of spending less than two days here, 
while four, ten, or more days can well be spent with increas- 
ing pleasure. 

How to Dress. — The best apparel for wearing about the 
Falls is a suiu of fiannel ; mist and spray are no respecters of 



1^2 



Niagara as It Is. 



starch. A waterproof mackintosh is an excellent g^arment 
for wandering about the rocky beaches at the foot of the 
Falls. This lacking, an umbrella will not come amiss. Per- 
haps we should say no one ever saw the Falls at their best, 
from below, without a wetting of the pure Niagara element. 

The Niagara Hackmen. — Some maybe trustworthy, others 
far from it ; hence be on your guard. Many carriage trips, 
bargained for at a ridiculously low price, have ended in pas- 
sengers being fleeced out of from three to ten dollars apiece. 
Worse than that, most hackmen will hurry their victims past 
the best and near views, which are free, and urge them to 
visit minor ones costing a handsome fee (of which they re- 
ceive a share), and involving a long drive. You may think 
you can outwit the regular Niagara hackman, but he will out- 
general you unless 5^ou resist his beguilements with a vigorous 
and decisive " No ! " 

In hiring a carriage, take the number and arrange for the 
price, time and places to be 
visited before starting. In 
case no rate is agreed upon, 
the law of the corporation of 
Niagara Falls provides the 
following : 

From one place to another in the 
village of Niagara Falls, 50 cents 
for one person and ordinary baggage 
(one trunk and one bag, hat or band- 
box or other small parcel); 25 cents for each additional person and baggage. 

From Niagara Falls to Suspension Bridge, one person and ordinary bag- 
gage, $1; each additional person, 50 cents. 

Children under three, free ; from three to fourteen, half price. 

Carriages for points beyond and within five miles of the village line, 
whether one or more passengers are carried, $2 for the first hour ; $1.50 for 
each additional hour. 

For a carriage drawn by one horse, $1.50 for first hour ; $1 for each addi- 
tional hour occupied. 

Visitors conveyed to places where admission-fees are chargsd, before be- 




i'll take you all 'round for TVv^ 

DOLLARS." 



Niagara as It Is. 183 

ing taken to the free State Park and Islands, or who have received uncivil 
treatment from drivers, should i-eport the case, with number of carriage, to 
the Superintendent of the State Reservation, or to any police-officer. 

To Evade the Street Hackman, give him a decided " No, 
sir P' emphasis on the last syllable. A civil "No," or silence, 
will but encourage him to annoy you further. See ''Niaga- 
rana," page 256, for instances of the hackmen's practices. 

The Right Way to see the Falls. — Bear in mind that the 
very be^t views of the Falls are absolutely free.'^ Drive, or 
better, walk, from point to point leisurely, giving ample time 
to each view. Of course if your time is short it is better to 
ride. Visit all the points possible. Every place within view 
of the Falls, above, below, near and afar, on both sides of the 
river, has a charm peculiarly its own. Visit the various 
points as often as possible ; every hour of the day, every kind 
of weather, every cloud and every breeze mark a change 
in Niagara's scenery. 

How TO Divide Your Time. — The Upper Rapids, Goat Is- 
land, the Sister Islands, the river drives, the visits to La 
Salle, Lewiston and other outlying points of interest, the 
selection of photographs, etc., may occupy the early part of 
each day. 

The finest rainbows are usually seen from the American side 
in the forenoon. 

The Falls seem grandest from noon to sundown, when the 
sunlight illummes the falling water and the mist. Early in 
the morning and toward sundown the views of the Falls have 
a peculiar fascination not felt at midda}^ So visit here chiefly 
in the afternoon. 

As the leading points, such as Prospect Point, are most 
crowded with visitors from 11 a. m. to 4 p. m., it is well to 
defer the chief visit to these until near the close of the day. 

* Unscrupulous rascals have stopped visitors to Goat Island and demanded a 50-cent " en- 
trance-fee " to the Island. By collusion wilh hackmen, this has even been done to those 
who cross the bridges in carriages. It is plain highway robbery; there is nothing to pay 
anywhere in the State Reservation for those who walk, and the fare in public carriages is 
given on page 193., 



Tours Arranged for Seeing Niagara 
Systematically. 



[These tours have been prepared with the utmost care, and may be wholly 
relied upon to enable visitors to see Niagara scenery systematically and to 
the best advantage for time and money spent. The numbers refer to the 
numbered points of interest on the Bird's-eye Key, facing page i6, and cor- 
respondingly to the descriptive sections throughout.] 



A One-Day Visit to Niagara. 

If you cannot spend more than one day here, then the fol- 
lowing outline, embracing all the more desirable points and a 
ride of six miles, is recommended; regular total cost, $i.io; 
or if you walk to Goat Island, 95 cents. 

From train walk to Prospect Park, points i, 2, 3 (one-half mile). Then 
walk down Inclined Stair (4) to 5, and return by Inclined Car ; 5 cents. 
[Round trip by Maid-of-the-Mist Barge, 50 cents.] 

Take Reservation carriage from Prospect Point (3) to Upper Rapids and 
Goat Island vicinity, points 7, g, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ; round trip, with 
five stop-off coupons, 15 cents. Most visitors walk over the route of 2^ 
miles, which is free, as there are many interesting stops. [For $1 the 
Cave of the Winds (ii) maybe entered with guide and suitable clothing.] 

Then take street-railroad (D) to Whirlpool Rapids (27), two miles away. 
See fig. 13, page Fare and ticket for elevator, 55 cents. 

Cross Lower Suspension Bridge to Canada; 10 cents. 

Take street-car in Canada, returning to Falls on Canada side for points 18, 
19, 20; fare 5 cents ( one mils and a half ). 

Return to American side by Upper Suspension Bridge {16); 20 cents. 

Make a second visit to Prospect Park. 

Niagara in Four Days. 

This is a complete tour of all points of interest, and may 
be made for from $13.25 to $20, all hotel charges included. 



Niagara as It Is. 185 

First Day. — Fo renoo 72— Wisxi Prospect Park (i to 3) and Goat Island 
vicinity (7 to 14); free. 
Af' cr fi oo)2 —Cvoss Upper Suspension Bridge (16) and visit points 18 to 21^ 
in Canadian Park. 

Second Day. — Foreiiooyi — Take observation-car on morning train for ride 
along Gorge to Lewiston and return ; fare 25 cents. Stop at Whirl- 
pool Rapids, 24 (see fig 13, page 93), American side. 
Aftei-noon — Visit Rocky Beach, Goat Island and Cave of the Winds (11, 
13); loitering about the small islands (g, 14) and in Prospect Park (i) 
until night. 

Third Day. — -Forenoon — Drive or take train as far up the river as La 
Salle (15), returning by noon. 
Afternooyi — Visit the rocks at foot of Inclined Stair (4), walk leisurely to 
5; then take steamer (6) for ferry-landing (17) in Canada; visiting In- 
spiration Point (19) and Table Rock (20) in Canadian Park until sun- 
down, and return by last boat. 

Fourth Day. — Forenoon — Take train to Lower Suspension Bridge, thence 
to Canada ; then take carriage to the Whirlpool (25) and to Brock's Mon- 
ument (26); returning by same route. 
After7ioon — Visit points on American side, including drives to Indian 
Reservation, 7 miles northeast, if desired. 

Niagara in Two Weeks. 

Two weeks can most profitably be spent in viewing the 
great cataract and the surrounding country, and will be found 
all too short a time — every day the fascination grows, and 
the desire to linger becomes stronger. As the climate at 
Niagara is most delightful and healthful, a more prolonged 
stay is likely to prove not only enjoyable but beneficial. 

Monday. — Spend the first day at Prospect Park and Goat Island vicinity, 

including the Three Sister Islands. 
Tuesday. — Cross the Upper Suspension Bridge leisurely, and visit the 

points of interest in Canadian Park, including Dufferin Islands. 
Wednesday. — Visit Goat and adjacent small islands in the forenoon ; then 

go down Inclined Railway to foot of American Fall, and later take a 

round trip on steamer. 
Thursday. — Go to Lewiston by observation-train on N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R., 

returning by same train to Suspension Bridge station, and from here 

vi^vit Whirlpool Rapids on both sides of the river. 



i86 Niagara as It Is. 

Friday. — Spend the forenoon on Three Sister and Luna Islands and Terra- 
pin Rocks ; in the afternoon traverse Biddle Stairs to Cave of the 
Winds and Rocky Beach. 

Saturday. — Take a trip up the river to La Salle in the morning ; spend 
the afternoon in Prospect Park and on Rocky Beach below. 

Monday. — Visit the Spring and upper end of Goat Island in the forenoon'; 
in the afternoon make second visit to Canadian Park. 

Tuesday. — Drive to Whirlpool, Brock's Monument, Lundy's Lane Battle- 
field, Falls View and Prospect Drive, returning to Dufferin Islands and 
Canadian Park. Order luncheon at hotel on Monday night. 

Wednesday. — Spend the day on Goat Island, including small islands, Rocky 
Beach, Prospect Park, etc. 

Thursday. — Stroll along beside the river to head of Rapids in the forenoon; 
visit Prospect Park and take a second trip by steamer, loitering about 
the rocks at the foot of Falls. 

Friday. — In the forenoon make a selection of photographs and other me- 
mentos. In the afternoon take a second and last trip to Whirlpool 
Rapids. 

Saturday .—\n the forenoon visit Goat Island for the last time ; devote the 
afternoon to crossing the Upper Suspension Bridge, and, later, the Can- 
adian Park. 

Niagarana. 

Large numbers of wild ducks have been known to float over the Falls on 
dark, misty nights ; hundreds have been picked up dead below the Falls in a 
single day. 

Niagara's columns of mist may be plainly seen for from 25 to 50 miles on 
almost any clear morning, curling like vast bodies of light smoke and chang- 
ing their shapes like clouds. 

An Indian tradition held that the great cataract demands a yearly sacrifice 
of two human victims — an average which, known or unknown, is undoubt- 
edly more than reached. 

The remarkable driveway and walks opposite Prospect Park, extending 
from the top of the bank to the water's edge 180 feet below, was built in 
1827. For accomplishing the arduous work the Canadian government 
granted its projectors the sole right to manage for 21 years. the ferry below. 

Does familiarity breed contempt regarding Niagara also ? There are in 
neighboring cities and villages, thousands of persons, well-to-do and of fair 
intelligence, who have never seen the Falls The writer some time since 
met the son of a wealthy man of Rochester, 70 miles away, who had trav- 
eled almost everywhere over America, but had never seen the great cataract. 



BIRD'S-EYE KEY TO NIAGARA SCENERY. 

The numbers correspond with the numbered descriptive sections throughoiit 
the book, the letters to Railroad Depots, Street Car Lines, Hotels, Etc. 



I — Prospect Park. 

3 — Hennepin View. 

3 — Prospect Point: 

4 — The Park Incline to Lower River 
and Ferry. 

5 — At Foot of American Fall. 

6 — The Mist Voyage. 

7 — Upper Rapids and the Twelve Isles. 

8 — Goat Island. 

9 — Luna Island. 
lO— Riddle Stairs. 
ir— Center Fall. 
13— Rocky Beach — Rock of Ages. 



13 — Porter's Bluff— Terrapin View. 

14 — The Three Sisters. 

15 — Up the River— American Side. 

16 — Upper Suspension Bridge and the 

Gorge. 
17 — Cliff Roadway to the Ferry. 
18— Queen Victoria Park. 
rg — Inspiration Point. 
30 — Table Rock View. 
31 — Canadian Park Islands. 
33 — Up the River — Canada Side. 
33 — Portal of the Niagara Power 

Tunnel. 



A — Station of the New York Central Railroad. 

B — Station of the Erie Railroad. 

C — Station of the Michigan Central Railroad ; Street Cars to Suspension Bridge, 

Canada Side. 
D — Prospect Park Terminus of Street Railroad on American Side. 




Thk Indians knew the Falls as 

'Thunderer of Waters.'" 



~> 



X' 



THE POINTS OF INTEREST. 



Prospect Park, (i.*) 

This beautiful forest-grove of ten acres is more frequented 
by visitors than any other place about the great cataract. The 
Park is a part of the New York State Reservation, and contains 
Prospect Point, Hennepin View and other fine spots for sight- 
seeing. The park proper has a frontage of i,ooo feet along 
the river chasm, and of 500 feet above the American Fall. 
That portion of the State Reservation of which it forms a part, 
on the mainland, reaches along the water's edge from the 
Suspension Bridge to a point above the Upper Rapids at 
Port Day, having a total water-frontage of one and one-fourth 
miles. 

Prospect Park is headquarters and lunching-place for near- 
ly all picnics and excursions to Niagara Falls. Lunching is 
permitted in the upper half of the Park only, in the vicinity 
of the frame buildings. 

Street-cars convey passengers to the Falls-street entrance 
of the Park, this point being the upper terminus of the 

*NoTE.— The section numbers throughout correspond with the locality numbers in 
Bird's-eye Key, .which see. 



1 88 l^iAGARA AS It Is. 

Niagara Falls and Suspension-bridge street-car line. This 
line passes the several railroad stations. 

The State Reservation carriages, referred to under Section 
3, carry people from here to Goat Island and return. 

Tlie stone building near the Falls end of the Park is the 
entrance to the Inclined Stair and Railway to the foot of the 
Fall, and contains the office of the Superintendent of the State 
Reservation. 

The Indian women who offer bead-work and other trinkets 
for sale near the main entrance are an interesting feature of 
the place. They are descendants of the aboriginal tribes of 
this vicinity, and belong to the Tuscarora Indian reservation, 
located nine miles east of the Falls. The Indians knew the 
Falls as '' Thunderer of Waters." 

The State Reservation. — In the year 1885 the State of New York pur- 
chased Prospect Park, containing 14;^ acres, above and below the cliff, 
Goat and other islands (about 80 acres), and a strip of land extending for 
more than a mile up the main shore of the river — a total of 107 acres. 
which was converted into a free park forever. Previously the land on the 
American side extending to the great cataract was private property, and no: 
even a peep could be had of the grand spectacle without paying a definite 
fee. Manufactories and other commercial establishments then occupied the 
islands and points near the cataract, marring the scenery greatly. All these 
have been removed since the State came into possession, and an attempt is 
being made to restore the primitive beauty of the vicinity. The cost of 
these lands, and the improvements made thereon, have to date exceeded a 
million and a half of dollars — truly a magnificent gift to the world from the 
great Empire State of the Union. The Reservation was formally thrown 
open t3 the public on the 15th of luly, 1885, and is maintained by State au- 
thority for the general benefit. Two years later the Canadian government 
purchased lands for the free Queen Victoria Niagara Falls Park on the op- 
posite side of the river. 

Hennepin View. (2.) 

On the Spot. — This point of observation has the advan- 
tage of occupying the highest ground near the river's edge in 
this vicinit}^ It affords f.n unequaled general survey of the 
several falls and of the gorge directly below. There can 



19^ Niagara as It Is. 

be no better point from which to obtain a first view of the 
grand spectacle. 

Facing the FaUs, the American FaU with its boldly irregular 
outline is seen immediately beyond the angular point of land 
ahead. Then in succession appear the dark-wooded Luna 
Island ; the lower end of Goat Island ; the Horseshoe Fall, 
with its deeply receding outlines, usually hidden in part by 
rising spray ; the Canadian woods and bluff in the distance, 
to the right of the cataract; and across the river the Queen 
Victoria Park directly opposite. Glancing over the brink of 
the chasm we see the shed of the inclined railroad and the 
ferry-landing almost below us. The Upper Suspension Bridge 
spans the gorge to the right. The distance to the top of the 
bluff opposite is 1,500 feet ; to the Horseshoe Fall at the far- 
thest point in view (for much of it is not seen from here), the 
distance is over three-fourths of a mile. The cliff here is igo 
feet above the water's edge. At this point a deposit of talus 
is piled up from the water's edge against the face of the cliff 
for half its height. The river below the falls is usually of a 
beautiful deep green color, its surface marked with fantastic 
lines of white foam. 

The v/alk from Hennepin View to Prospect Point at every 
step shows some new beauty in the great cataract and its en- 
vironments. Be sure to stop at the crescent-shaped projec- 
tion on the nearer end of the stone parapet and obtain a mag- 
ficent side view of American Fall. This view is of special 
interest because it presents an unbroken sweep of falling 
water 164 feet in height. At the steps further on we have a 
nearer view of the edge of this fall, dashing downward with 
all the force that thousands of tons of water per minute hurled 
over the dizzy height can impart. 

At Leisure. — It was at Hennepin View, in the winter of 1678-9, that the 
Niagara cataract is supposed to have been first seen by European discoverers. 
The visitors were Father Hennepin, a Jesuit missionary, and Chevalier de 
La Salle. The former gave the first account by an eye-witness of this nat- 
ural wonder. This printed description was accompanied by a sketch of the 



Niagara as It Is. 



91 



Falls, evidently drawn from memory after Hennepin's return to Europe. In 
this view of Hennepin's the line of the Horseshoe Fall is straight, not curved 
as now — a circumstance that need cause no surprise when the constant 
changes the Falls are undergoing are considered. 

At times when no wind is stirring, the volumes of spray, which form so 
conspicuous a part of the scenery here, rise thousands of feet into the air, 
mingling often with the clouds above. Early in the day when the sky is 
clear and the air calm, this spray towers so high that it may be seen for a 
distance of 50 miles or more in every direction from the Falls. Seen from a 
distance the spray hovers like a cloud in varying shapes over the great cata- 
ract, appearing often as the only object visible in an otherwise cloudless sky. 
The Niagara cloud is always conspicuous on a clear winter morning. 

The river out from Hennepin View is 189 feet deep and 900 feet wide. 
Although the foam-marked surface is calmer than at any other point between 
the Falls and Lower Rapids, there is known to be a strong undercurrent 
caused by the momentum with which the river plunges over its great fall. 

Dangers. — It is only necessary to caution the visitor against lean- 
ing over the brink of the chasm in reaching for branches or flowers- 
Throw no stones from this point ; they might strike persons below. 

Impressions of Visitors. 

" A vast and prodigious Cadence of Water which falls down after a sur- 
prising and astonishing manner, in so much that the Universe does not af- 
ford its parallel. * * At the foot of this horrible Precipice we meet with 
the River Niagara which is not above a quarter of a league broad, but it is 
wonderfully deep in some places. * * This Wonderful Downfall is com- 
pounded of two cross-streams of Water, and two Falls, with an isle sloping 
along the middle of it. The waters which fall from this horrible Precipice 
do foam and boyl after the most hideous manner imaginable ; making an 
outrageous Noise, more terrible than that of Thunder ; for when the Wind 
blows out of the South their dismal roaring may be heard more than Fifteen 
Leagues off. * * From the great Fall unto this Rock [above Lewiston] 
the two brinks of the River are so prodigious high that it would make one 
tremble to look steadily upon the Waters rolling along with a rapidity not to 
be imagined." — Father Heime^pin, in idjS. 

" In certain respects the New York Reservation has advantages over that 
of the Canadian side. There are greater beauties of a kind depending on 
refinement and delicacy ; subtle qualities and natural elements of scenery 
largely apart from the actual cataract ; greater beauties of a kind in which 
the nearness to the eye of illuminated spray and the mist and fleeting waters, 
intricate disposition of leaves with varied play of light and shadows, refrac- 
tions, reflections, and much less undefinable conditions of water, air and fol' 
iage, are important parts." — F. L. Olmsted. 



192 



Niagara as It Is. 



"The view of that vast ampitheatre, of that prodigious volume of water, 
breaking into foam with a roar of thunder, like the huge tidal wave that 
follows an earthquake, made me giddy and caused me to forget all I had 
ever read, all I had ever heard, and all that had ever been suggested to my 
imagination concerning it." — Offenbach. 

Prospect Point. (3.) 

On the Spot. — This point is the best one for sight-seeing 
at Niagara. Here, safely environed by a low 
stone parapet, we obtain not only the best 
near view of the Falls, but also one of the 
finest distant views. The best place for ob- 
servation is along the wall for a rod back 
from the angle, on the gorge side of the 
Point. Do not leave this spot without having 
studied the scenery leisurely, changing your 
position yard by y^sdi along the parapet. 
In order to avoid the crowd always met here 
at midday, and that you may see the rain- 
bows, plan to visit this point in the morning, 
and again near the close of the day when the 
sun faces the American Fall and gives to it a splendor lack- 
ing earlier in the day. There are seats near by from which 
the scenery may be enjoyed. 

Observe at this point the deep, translucent water of the 
Fall as, almost within touch, it leaps over the shelving lime- 
stone of the precipice. Notice with what charming grace it 
sweeps downward to meet the clouds of spray at the foot of 
the Fall. Follow with your eyes the contour of the descend- 
ing flood and note the marvelous spectacle of spray-edged 
water and dense shifting mist rising from the rock-bound 
caldron 164 feet below. Toward the close of a cloudless day, 
when the sun illuminates the spray to dazzling whiteness, 
this scene is inexpressibly grand. The huge blocks of dark 
stone in front of the Fall below, now covered and now dis- 
closed by clouds of ever-rising mist, may have fallen ages ago 
from the height above. 




Fku:i 



Niagara as It Is. 193 

Here is the only place where the river possesses consider- 
able depth at the extreme edge of the cataract. The Fall is 
nearly goo feet wide from the shore to Luna Island. Its 
irregular outline is striking. See how the water is thrown 
out here and there in all directions by craggy points along 
its brow. Notice the deep gorge to the right ; the pictur- 
esque woody islands in front, and the remarkable rise of 
52 feet in the river within the distance of a half mile up- 
stream, which causes the Upper Rapids, plainly seen in view 
from Prospect Point. Usually there are fine rainbows to be 
seen from here in the morning, depending on a clear sky and 
a down-stream drift of the mist. This point is absolutely safe 
for seeing the Falls in winter. 

Between the cedars, willows, roses, etc=, that are scattered 
in wild confusion along the up-river path in the Park, pictur- 
esque views of the Rapids may be seen. 

From the Point, at intervals of ten minutes, visitors may 
take a Reservation carriage for a ride to Goat Island and 
vicinity. Fare for the round trip, 15 cents ; this entitles the 
passenger to a ticket having five coupons, permitting the 
holder to alight at all leading points along the route, and to 
take any later carriage the same day, either for proceeding or 
returning. 

At Leisure. — Prospect Point is usually one of the first and the last visited 
views of the Falls on the American side. This is because of its conven- 
ience — being but ten minutes' walk from the trains — and of the exceeding 
beauty of the views obtained from it. Here on a convenient seat the visitor 
may spend hours watching the wonderful moving waters, the rolling foam, 
the mist-clouds, the woody islands, the marvelous lights and shadows which 
shift with every breeze or passing cloud — and find new delight each moment. 

It is noticeable that the ground presents the same general level below as 
above the Falls, hence the deep gorge to the right. Sometimes at a first 
glance over the cliff the visitor fails to appreciate the great height of the 
Fall. But after descending the Inclined Road (see 4, Bird's-eye Key) to the 
foot of the Fall, a look upward will dispel this delusion. 

In the seams between the rocks and on the rock shelves, kalmias, hyperi- 
cums, lobelias, aquilegias, and many other plants and shrubs may be seen 
growing. The singular appearance of the trees near the Point — their 



194 Niagara as It Is. 

branches all bend downward — is caused by the weight of frozen mist they 
support almost continually during winter. 

An easterly wind somewhat decreases the current of the river temporarily 
by driving its waters up-stream, while a wind from the west tends to deepen 
the river, causing the flood at the brink to leap further out. Other things 
being equal, the Falls are grandest during a continuous high west wind. 

Those that see Niagara only in summer see but half its beauties. In 
winter the spray, congealed into ice on every tree, bush and rock above the 
Falls glitters with diamond luster in the sunlight ; while in the gulf below 
cones, pyramids, towers, immense stalagmites and frost-work of every va- 
riety are formed by the falling waters. Ice has been known to form on the 
rocks below the American Fall to a height nearly even with the edge of the 
precipice. 

Dangers and Incidents. — The Point being securely walled at its 
edge, no danger need be apprehended, unless it be from leaning far 
out over the parapet. In following the low banks along the Rapids 
care should be taken not to venture too near the brink. 

March 3, 1877, a resident of Geneva, New York, named Stone, walked 
into the Rapids near the upper end of the Park and was carried over. 

In 1873, a man known as Belleni stretched a rope from the Park to the 
Canadian shore. Providing himself with a thick rubber cord nearly twelve 
feet in length, he walked the rope to the center. Attaching one end of the 
cord here and firmly holding the other end in his hands, he leaped into 
the river below, the tension of the cord serving to keep him in an up-right 
position. He repeated the feat three times, but the last time the cord broke, 
letting him sink into the water, where he nearly suffocated When he finally 
rose he was picked up in an exhausted condition by a waiting boat. 

Impressions of Visitors. 

"This is certainly the most beautiful and picturesque view of the cata- 
ract, the two falls blending into one picture, presenting themselves in fine 
perspective'" — Robert Wallace. 

" Mighty waters ! headlong tumbling 

Down the vast abyss below. 
Ceaseless pouring, endless roaring, 

Does this torrent forever flow." 

— G. W. Winslow. 

"How regularly the water comes over ! It hardly looks like water in its 
grand solid-like roll ; in some places like long broken ringlets, but is always 
the same. What a power it suggests ! Of course the color will vary in the 
light. It is blue and green in the summer, I suppose ; now it is yellowish 
and gray." — Henry Irvmg, in Impressions of America. 



Niagara as It Is. 195 

" This is certainly the place for obtaining the finest near view of the Falls. 
The eye looks across the whole breadth of the river at the end of the Rapids, 
just where the water sweeps over the long line of the American Fall On 
the other side is Goat Island, densely covered with trees, and beyond is seen 
the Horseshoe Fall. Gazing on the scene from this point, the grandeur of 
Niag'ira 'grows upon you.' Long hours I staid on this spot, fascinated by 
the scene." — James JMacaiiley, Af.A., M.D. 

" When winter has bound with icy fetters all common streams, the un- 
tamable Niagara scoffs at its power, rushes from Lake Erie to the Falls, ex- 
ulting in its freedom, thunders from the precipice, and sends into the frosty 
air perpetually its canopy of mist. The mist sinks slowly down, covering 
and moistening everything. As it falls winter asserts its power, and freezes 
it into a pearly or crystal covering for every twig and leaf. The trees are 
cased in ice. Their boughs are bent by the weight and droop downward in 
arches. Long icicles, assuming fantastic forms, are pendent from the rocks. 
The groves wear a lustrous splendor ; and when the gentle air sighs though 
the wood, the stirred branches touch each other with a tinkling sound. And 
then the light ! It is oppressive in its splendor, like that which radiates from 
the ' shining ones' who do God's bidding near His throne." — Geo. W. Clinton. 

The Park Incline. (4.) 

On the Spot. — An enclosed stairway of 251 steps leads 
from the building near Prospect Point to the foot of the 
American Fall and the ferry-landing below ; this, of course, is 
free. A charge of five cents is made for a ride down or up in 
the car. Many visitors walk down the stairs, a comparatively 
easy task, and ride up. More than 100,000 people pass over 
the Incline each season. This Incline is operated the year 
round, and affords a perfectly safe means of visiting the 
water's edge during the season of ice. 

The trip is an absolutely safe one. The' cable of steel 
which carries the car would alone be strong enough to trans- 
port a dozen cars together up and down the course. 

At Leisure. — This convenient Incline belongs to and is conducted by the 
State of New York, which accounts for the fact that the fare for being car- 
ried up or down it is but a fraction of that charged elsewhere for similar 
transportation. 

Cars propelled by water-power were first used on this Incline in 1845, 
■which was evolved from a very crude and primitive affair known as the 




American and Center Falls in Winter from below— near Rock of Ages. 

Rock of Ages lies far beneath the ice in the foreground. 



Niagara as It Is. 197 

"Indian's Ladder." This was a large cedar tree resting against the rock. Its 
branches, together with some notches cut in its trunk, answered for footholds 
in ascending or descending. But the tree did not reach to the top of the 
cliff, so the " ladder " was lengthened by the use of bushes growing out of 
rock crevices along the rugged precipice ; ropes also were provided to ensure 
a safer trip to plucky sight-seers. The first attempt at anything like a con- 
venient staircase was the construction of long ladders reaching from near 
the river's edge to the top of the bluff. Following the ladder age there was 
built the first regular stairway. It was a winding stairway, but much safer 
than anything that had preceded it. Thousands of people went up and 
down this stairway who would never have risked the descent in the old prim- 
itive way. The present Incline, or essentially the same, was constructed in 
1845. 

River's Edge at Foot of American Falls. (5.) 

On the Spot. — To the lover of all that is grand and thrill- 
ing in nature, nothing can surpass the fascination of clam- 
bering about — mists permitting — the rocks at the foot of the 
American Fall, and of watching the colossal waterfall from 
below. The best time for such observations is early in the 
afternoon on days when the wind blows up-stream, thereby 
keeping the mist-showers away. Then one can draw very 
close to the Fall. The sun faces the descending flood and 
foam and spray, and radiantly illuminates them. 

Standing on the easily-reached stony beach indicated by 
C C, in fig. 6, page 28, the visitor can better comprehend the 
real height of Niagara than from any other point. Looking 
up you behold the river shooting over the cragged shelf of 
rock 164 feet above, and falling uninterruptedly from this 
height. This, by many, is considered the grandest of all the 
sights at Niagara Falls. It requires no stretch of imagina- 
tion to think of the great river as pouring out of the sky. 

Usually the visitor may proceed from the Incline, A, by walks 
B B, as far as C D, without the protection of an umbrella 
or waterproof. To go beyond these points unprotected may 
result in a soaking, as the falling mist veers with the wind 
unless the latter happens to come quite stiffly from down- 



1 93 Niagara as It Is. 

stream. With slight protection one may often approach 
the American Fall b}^ rude rock steps as near as F and 
G, or higher, to J and K, without discomfort. Should the 
wind blow strongly up-stream, it is possible with little incon- 
venience to draw as near to the caldron as H and I. As seen 
from these points no painter, either in words or pigments, 
could do justice to the seething, foaming, dashing waters, with 
their fiercely-driven blasts of spray. It is indeed a picture of 
the force and fury of Niagara unbarred. 

If an ascent is made to I, J or K, observe the dark cavern 
known as the Shadow of the Rock, behind the descending 
column of water. Formerly this could be entered, but not 
now. The contrast between the cavern's shade and the high 
light on water, spray and foam in front is remarkably fine. 

The irregular roll of the foam-marked current as the eye 
glances along the extreme verge of the fall high above, is 
worthy of special notice. This vicinity is easily reached in 
winter, and is a favorite point from which to admire the ice 
scenery of the Falls. Whether it is safe to venture far be- 
yond the points B B, shown on map, depends entirely upon 
the state of the ice-covered footways. 

At Leisure. — The power, height and grandeur of Niagara is deeply im- 
pressed upon all visitors as they stand here on the bank of the river at the 
foot ot the American Fall. And yet this fall is but a fold in the drap- 
ery of Niagara's great sweeping garment. The mighty force so markedly 
felt in this one fall extends along Niagara's verge for two-thirds of a mile, 
and for much of the way the thickness of the falling body of water is many 
times greater than the near edge of the American Fall. The aggregate 
water in the American Fall before us is estimated as only one-tenth of 
the river's entire volume. 

To the student of geology and botany, the rocky cliffs, cut down as with a 
blade in many places, and the sloping talus below, in this vicinity and else- 
where about the Gorge, afford a rich field for enlarging one's acquaintance 
with these sciences. The close of the day is the time recommended for visit- 
ing the scenery here, yet it should be borne in mind that Niagara varies 
much in appearance at different times, and that it is wall to visit all scenes 
at different times in the day if possible. Tha wintar scanery here i:; often 
wonderfully grand, Some idea of its beauty is given in the plate on paga 31. 



Niagara as It Is. 



199 




Fig. 6. — Rocks and Paths at Foot of American Fall. A, Incline. B . 
Walks. C C, Beach. D E G J, Points always accessible. F.H I K, Points 
OFTEN accessible. L, Walk TO Maid-of-the-Mist Ferry. 



This is the usual place for crossing the famous ice-bridges. These wonder- 
ful formations, together with other winter features, such as mountains of 
frozen spray near the fall, the icicles hanging from high cliffs and meeting 
icy stalagmites below, the sheets of frozen spray over rocks, shrubs, trees 
and buildings, the never ceasing flow of water in the midst of so much of 
the congealed element, the dazzling splendor of the sun darting his beams 
over all, the roar of falling ice, the ceaseless thunder of the cataract, all 
combine to render the scene incomparably grand and terrific. 

From the foot of the Incline A (fig 6, above), it is but a short course 
down stream to the outlet of the great Niagara Falls Power Tunnel. 

Dangers and Incidents. — There is no danger along the water's 
edge if ordinary caution is observed. The rocks being in the main 
rounded, are easy to walk over. In the winter they may be and often 
are unsafe because of their icy surface. 

Mr. Terris, of Henry Irving's dramatic company, had a narrow escape 
here. There were special dangers owing to the accumulations of ice. He 
slipped upon an icy descent, and saved himself from going headlong into the 
torrent by clutching a jagged rock, which severely lacerated his right hand. 
He played with his arm in a sling for several nights afterward. 



200 Niagara as It Is. 

Impressions of Visitors. 

" Being at the top was nothing to being here. This great sheet that's been 
unrolling from the top must be the drapery that covers the ' Great White 
Throne'; and out of that white cloud the sun collects and distributes seg- 
ments of colored arches to build one glorious canopy that shall cover a 
coming greatness ; and then the Kingdom of the Most High shall have begun 
— these were my feelings. Do what I would, feel about and try to think 
differently, groping among solid rocks for an argument, I could not bring my- 
self to believe that these things were of this world." — Be7i Brierley' s Tri^ 
to America. 

"Ice-bridge building at Niagara is an interesting process. During cold 
weather, ice is always seen tumbling over the Falls, and a constant procession 
of it is floating down stream. This is anchor-ice ; a kind of slush that is formed 
in the great expanse of rapids above the Falls where permanent ice can never 
form. This floating ice fills the eddies along the edge of the river below, 
making stationary ice from the shore, where the water is comparatively quiet. 
The two lines on each side of the stream of floating ice in the middle of the 
river, where it grinds against the stationary ice, are as straight as an arrow 
for long distances. If the cold weather continues, keeping up a supply of 
anchor-ice at the same time that the sides are constantly encroaching upon 
the stream, the time comes when, at some narrow place, the floating and 
crowded tide of anchor-ice becomes jammed and is suddenly stopped, forming 
a bridge which, with continued cold weather, becomes very strong. The 
addition of floating ice to the upper edge widens the bridge up stream, until 
its edge approaches the foot of the Falls, and on the American side, where 
the Falls are not so heavy, the bridge is sometimes built up so as partly 
to cover them. A somewhat rare conjunction of thawing and freezing is 
usually necessary to form one of those tremendous ice-jams which we christen 
an ice-bridge. The thaw must be sufficient to bring the ice in rafts from its 
almost limitless source — Lake Erie — and the subsequent freezing must be 
sufiicient to stop it below the Falls." — J. Seymour, in Science Nevus. 



Niagarana. 

" What's to hinder " — " Ya?ikeefrom Dozun-East." 
"Mother, is it buttermilk ?" — A child's comm,ent. 
" The universe does not afford its parallel." — Father Hennefin. 
" By Gorr ! he come down fust rate !" — A Germ,an on his fir- st visit. 
" I guess all natur' is going to wash out to-day ; for see how that ere big 
kettle biles." — John Dozuniyig. 

The remotest springs tributary to Niagara Falls are 1,200 miles disiant. 




Winter Scene at foot of American Falls ; An Ice-Mountain ioo feet 
high; Stalactites and Stalagmites to the left. 




The Maid-of-the-Mist Voyage. (,6.) 

On the Spot. — A trip by passenger steamer through the 
gorge directly' in front of all the Falls is one of the safest yet 
most thrilling experiences that the tourist can enjoy while at 
N.agara. By a tortuous course the boat makes its way 
ttirough eddies along the foot of the cataracts and in front of 
Goat Island, touching at several free landings on the two 
sides of the river for the accommodation of passengers. 
From the cabin and deck the visitor may behold the several 
Falls to the best possible advantage from below. 

The waterproof clothing is furnished without extra charge 
to passengers. The fare for the round trip is 50 cents. A 
new steel boat is building, which may result in several ad- 
vantages to the public. 

At Leisure. — This voyage, so exciting, yet all too quickly made consid- 
ering the many points of interest on the way, is one well worth repeating. 
In case of repetition, note chiefly during the first voyage the general aspect 
of the surroundings and the forms and comparative appearance of the differ- 
ent Falls ; on the second observe the currents, eddies, cliffs, rocks, mist, etc. 
■ The river's surface immediately in front of the Falls, remarkable as it may 
seem, is comparatively calm. But this calm surface is known to extend but 
few fathoms in depth ; below it there is a powerful undercurrent, sweeping 
on unseen to the Whirlpool Rapids below. This is easily understood. When 
in the great Niagara current, from a height of more than fifty yards, the vast 
weight of 28,000 tons of water per second is hurled downward, the enormous 
force generated must find vent in some way. This it does by descending, 
no one can tell how deep, beneath the surface of the river, and appearing 
again in violent form at the Rapids, two miles below. The peculiar lines of 
foam which so curiously mark the surface of the water just below the Falls 
are attributed to this swift underlying current. 

Dangers and Incidents. — This voyage on the steamer is a per- 
fectly safe one. For more than a hundred years there has been a 
skiff and yawl-boat ferry conducted here without a known accident 



Niagara as It Is. 



203 



In rare cases persons on board may have a touch of sea-sickness, 
which can cause no special inconvenience on so short a voyage. 

Impressions of Visitors. 

"One day we launched a small boat at the Inclined Railway and entered 
on a most exciting and perilous exploration of this part of the canon. With 
great difficulty we approached within a short distance of the American Fall, 
which darted great jets of water upon us and far out in the stream. The 
roar was so terrific that no voice or human sound could be heard. The 
leadsman cast his line, which passed rapidly down and told of 83 feet. This 
was quite near the shore." — IV. II. Ballezu, of the Government Siu'vey. 

" The view from the boat as it dances on the surface of the troubled waters 
below the Falls is more effective in overpowering the imagination than that 
from the banks above ; and still more grand from the deck of a small steamer 
which approaches almost to the foot of the Falls." — William Cham.bers. 

" The deep green glassy river beneath the awful precipice of rocks, the 
mighty floods rolling and tumbling from the heights above, and the singularly 
w-ild, romantic and varied scenery around fill the mind of the beholder with 
sensations not to be described." — Tycone Fozver. 

The Upper Rapids and Thh Twelve. (7.) 

On the Spot. — The locality of the Rapids and the twelve 
picturesque little islands to the north of Goat Island has al- 
ways been a favorite one with visitors. Luna Island, the one of 
this group nearest to 
the verge of the cata- 
ract, is separatel} 
considered in Lnother 
chapter. Few of the 
other islands of the 
group have ever, so 
far as we know, been 
touched by the foot of 
man. At this point the 
river, whose current 
runs at the rate of 
seven miles an hour 

above Goat Island Fig.y.— upper rapids and "The twelve" islands. 

speeds over rocky siielves at the rate of 30 miles an hour, as 




204 Niagara as It Is. 

if hastening to make the final plunge. Here are a multi- 
tude of rolling cascades and eddies, affording a rare scene of 
waters in motion. As the general depth of the water is shal- 
low compared with the greater volume of the river beyond 
Goat Island, the influence of continued east winds in lower- 
ing the water, and of continued west winds in deepening it, is 
more apparent here than at some other points. 

One of the things to impress the visitor on looking up the 
river from the bridges, is the remarkable rise in the water. 
This rise amounts to 52 feet within the first mile above the 
Falls, and is the cause of the rapid current. Notice that the 
water at the upper end of the Rapids, and which there is on 
a level many feet above our heads, has the appearance of 
meeting the sky. 

By the aid of the sketch subjoined (fig. 7, page 203) notice 
just above the bridge the Troubled Pool (A), a fine example 
of agitated waters. From near the center of the first bridge 
see at B, about ten rods up-stream, the splendid roll of water. 
Several hundred feet above Brig and Ship isles is a cascade 
averaging about nine feet in height and extending with a beauti- 
ful roll from the river center to Goat Island. From the main 
shore at D near this cascade is to be had the best general view 
of the Upper Rapids. Linden cascade at E is worth noticing. 
How strangely the waters plunge and boil beneath the linden 
boughs! Just below the second bridge, the current at G pre- 
sents a rare and charming concave of swiftly passing waters, 
and at H a beautiful cascade of irregular outline. 

At Leisure. — In the winter and spring, when the ice of the Great Lake 
system breaks up, huge masses are borne down the Rapids, adding to the 
wild tumult of their waters. These Rapids were first bridged in 1817 by 
Augustus Porter, at a point somewhat above the present bridge. The origi- 
nal structure lasted but for one season. It was replaced the next year by a 
more substantial one, which lasted from 1818 to 1856, during which year the 
present elegant iron structure was built by Col. Peter Porter, who described 
the work as follows : ' 'A suitable pier and platform was built at the water's 
edge ; long timbers were projected over this abutment the distance of the next 




Upper Rapids above Goat Island Bridge : from American Shore. 



2o6 Niagara as It Is. 

pier and heavily weighted on the shore end with stone to prevent their 
moving. Logs were framed through the ends of the projecting timbers res ■ 
ting on the rocky bottom, around which, a permanent pier of stone was built 
to support the present structure. The plan was repeated for each arch." 
In former years there was a rude bridge from Bath Island to Ship Island 
Ship Island(see fig. 7, page203)at the time was known as Lovers' Retreat. 
Besides the visit made in daylight these Rapids should be viewed by the 
light of the full moon, if possible. Its yellow rays make the broken waves 
appear like auburn tresses, twining around the dark rocks and isles. The 
twelve islands are now the property of New York State. Once they were 
private property, and Bath Island was disfigured by manufacturing establish- 
ments. 

Dangers and Incidents, — Many lives have been lost in the grasp 
of the Rapids. Usually this has been the result of careless boating 
in the river above. In not a few instances drunkenness has been the 
chief cause. With the safe bridges and walks well guarded by rail- 
ings now provided, the careful visitor need not fear. 

In 1838 a Mr. Chapin was repairing the main bridge and fell into the swift 
current. He was quickly borne toward the first small island below (now 
bearing his name). Being a good swimmer he reached the island, and Jack 
Robinson, the "hero of Niagara," rescued him by the daring feat of row- 
ing a light skiff across from Bath Island and returning again with Chapin. 
The brave act was witnessed by many people. One of the twelve islands 
was named for Mr. Robinson. 

In August, 1848, a man in a boat passed under the bridge, close to the 
shore. Vainly he called to some people gathered there, " Can I be saved ? " 
but in a few moments his boat upset and he was carried over the Falls. In 
the same year a man passing by saw two little children playing in a skifi 
fastened to the shore above the Falls. The boat became loosened, and the 
man succeeded in saving only one of the children ; the other was swept over 
the Falls. 

During the night of July 19, 1853, a man named Avery, while attempting 
to cross the river above, was drawn into the Rapids. He lodged on a log 
that had caught on a rock about 30 rods below the bridge He cried 
piteously for help all through the night, and by daylight a crowd had gath- 
ered on the banks of the river and on the bridge. Willing hands with strong 
ropes lowered no less' than three boats — one a life-boat sent from Buffalo — 
into the current to reach the man, but every boat was dashed to pieces or 
rendered useless. To inspire Avery with hope, the words ' ' We will save 
you " were painted in large letters upon a sign on shore. Food was lowered 
to him in tin cans, but he did not eat. A large raft with a strong cask at 



Niagara as It Is. 207 

each corner was next launched, and this reached him safely. He mounted 
it, but as it was being drawn up it caught on a rock and could not be re- 
leased. Another boat was floated down to the raft, but the poor frenzied 
man, in attempting to get into it, lost his footing, and at last, after an eighteen- 
hour struggle for life, was swept into the Rapids, and with despairing hands 
thrown upward was quickly borne over the great Fall. 

Impressions of Visitors. 

"When I stood upon the bridge leading to Goat Island and saw a quarter 
of a mile of tumbling, rushing Rapids, and heard their everlasting roar, my 
emotions overpowered me — neither the American nor the Horseshoe Fall 
moved me as did these Rapids." — lilargaret Ftdlei- Ossoli, 

" I do not know that there is anything in nature more majestic than the 
view of the Rapids above the Falls." — Duke of Ar gyle. 

' How wonderfully the waters come leaping along — like an angry sea !" — 
Hetu-y I7"n7ig 

' The picturesque islands add much to the beauty and unrivaled scenery 
of the Falls. Equally attractive at all seasons, whether arrayed in summer 
verdure, autumnal tints, or bare of foliage in winter, they repose like fairy 
creatures amid the turmoil of the impetuous Rapids, isolated and appar- 
ently secure from human intrusion." — O. H. Marshall. 

" The water shoots under the bridge like an arrow, and strikes the abut- 
ments with successive shocks. How beautiful are the little isles above us! 
They are so quiet, and their cedars make them look like fairy vessels gliding 
securely among the Rapids. One might gaze all day, untired, at this strong 
river, dashing down toward us from ledge to ledge, as though it meant to 
carry everything before it." — G. IF. Cluiton. 

' ' There is a violence and power in the foaming career of the Rapids which 
is seen in no phenomenon of the same class. Looking from the bridge to- 
ward Lake Erie, the leaping crests of the Rapids form the horizon, and it 
seems like a battle-charge of tempestuous waves, animated and infuriated, 
against the sky. The rocks, whose points show above the surface, seem tor- 
mented, and fling ofl the wild and hurried waters as if with the force of a 
giant's arm. It is almost impossible for the spectator to rid himself of the 
idea that they are conscious of the abyss to which they are hurrying, and 
struggle back in the very extremity of horror." — iV. P. Willis. 

"It is so rapid above this Descent, that it violently hurries down the wild 
Beasts while endeavoring to pass it to feed on the other side, they not being 
able to withstand the force of the Current, which inevitably casts them head 
long." — Father Hennepiti, hi ibjS 



2o8 Niagara as It Is. 

" Grand as are the colossal Falls, the Rapids and the course of the river for 
a considerable distance above and below possess more interest and beauty." 
— IVilliajn Robinso7i. 



Goat Island. ('8. 



On the Spot. — (^.) From its location in the Upper Rapids, 
causing the river to divide and form two great cataracts, this 
island of 6t acres is an unequaled point of interest to 
Niagara visitors. 

The surface of the land at the cliff is 205 feet above the water 
in the gorge below the Falls — higher than any other sight-see- 
ing point so near to the chief object of interest. The loveli- 
ness of the sixteen small isles near Goat Island (see under 
7 and 16), and the fact that the entire group, including it, 
have been left with the virgin forests almost untouched by 
the axe, render this spot very attractive. 

(/^) Three paths and roadways diverge from the entrance 
(see fig. 7, on page 203). The one to the right leads to the 
cliff ; the middle one across the island to the Three Sisters 
vicinity ; the left one to the Spring and the head of the 
island. There is also a forest path to the right leading to 
Biddle Stairs, Porter's Bluff and Terrapin Rocks. 

{c.~) Following the right-hand path the visitor will notice 
its winding course through a heavy forest near the edge of 
the high bank. Do not miss the fair glimpses to be had here 
and there, through the verdure, of The Twelve and the hurry- 
ing current. 

(d.) Drawing near to the cliff, a path and steps to the 
right lead to Luna Island (see fig. 7). Notice from the head 
of the stairs (this being Stedman's Bluff) the clear and 
commanding view of the American Fall, the Center Fall 
spanned by the small bridge (see page 214^, the small islands, 
and the Gorge extending far away. 

(<?.) Leaving this point and continuing along the brow- 
path we reach the entrance to Biddle Stairs (see 10) which is 
free, and the Cave of the Winds dressing-room (see it and 12). 



Niagara as It Is. 



209 



(/!) Further on we pass through dehghtful aisles of cedar, 
with the primitive forest beyond, on the towering heights of 
the chffs (some 205 feet) to the right. Along here notice the 
enormous land-slides that occurred in 1843 and 1847. Mag- 
nificent views of the Horseshoe P'all, the river below, and the 
opposite cliffs, appear at intervals through openings in the 
wood-foliage along this path. 

At the clearing soon reached is Porter's Bluff, with the 
Terrapin Rocks and bridge below. Here is to be had the 
best general view of the Great or Horseshoe Fall from the 
American side (see 13). 
If you will walk a hundred 
feet or more along the high 
banks above the stairs, you 
will reach a point from which 
the best view of the extreme 
upper point of the cataract 
may be obtained. The 
gradual wearing away of the 
the Falls is clearly shown by 
the accompanying sketch 
(fig. 8). Still further up the 
river the Three Sisters (see 
14) come into sight, and the 
main Upper Rapids stretch out in the distance. 

Leaving the First Sister bridge, a short course up stream 
brings us to the head of Goat Island. Here we may rest on 
the seats provided, from which a delightful view is obtained 
of the broad placid river stretching away in lake-like dimen- 
sions toward the large Upper Islands. Note the division of 
the current into two branches, each of which advances, even 
here in a disturbed state, toward its own impetuous rapid and 
fall. Throw a chip into the water where the current divides, 
and for a moment you cannot tell which of the Falls it will 
pass over. This is the point where the white man first stood 




Fig. 8. Diagram Showing thk Wearing 
Away Process of the Falls. 



2IO Niagara as It Is. 

upon the island, and the only point at which boats can touch 
it. To do this they must navigate skillfully along the divide 
between the Rapids — truly a most daring venture. 

Leaving our seats, and the delightful view seen from them, 
and resuming our course, we soon reach the American Rapids. 
A little further on a foot-path diverges to the right between 
the drive and the water's edge, and leads through a romantic, 
shady dell which has a rock-bound coast at the edge of the 
shallow rapids. Here, is a spring of good drinking-water, 
ivhere the traveler's thirst may be quenched. Altogether 
Goat Island is one of the ]iTost charming retreats in the 
world. 

At Leisure. — The attractions of Goat Island lured visitors across the 
perilous Rapids long oufore the bridges were built. Augustus Porter first 
visited it in 1805, and at that time found scars of the dates 1771, 1772, and 
1779 on a beech tree near the Horseshoe Fall. The island derived its name 
from the fact that as early as 1779 goats were pastured upon it by John 
Stedman, the earliest white settler in the vicinity. The goats were here less 
liable to become a prey to the wild beasts which roamed almost unmolested 
through the region at that time. Because of its seclusion Goat Island was 
in. ancient times one of the favorite burying-grounds of the Indians. It 
came into the possession of Judge Porter in 18 14 and was owned by the 
Porter family until purchased by the State of New York as a part of the 
State Park. 

Goat Island has been well termed a temple of nature. The eminent Eng- 
lish botanist, Sir Joseph Hooker, found upon the Island a greater variety of 
vegetation within a given space than has been found elsewhere outside of 
the tropics and the Pacific Slope. The Niagara river has been its planter ; 
for its waters, during countless ages, have brought seeds from hundreds of 
lakes, rivers and streams that are tributary to it. American botanists have 
discovered no less than 410 genera and 909 species of vegetable growths on 
this island and in the vicinity of Niagara. The forest contains many fine 
specimens of beech, maple, linden, elm, ash, ironwood, hemlock, cedar, 
juniper, yew and other trees and shrubs. 

The bar at the head of the island, which divides the river into two chan- 
nels, is clearly traceable for about one-fourth of a mile up the river. The 
water over this bar is but three feet deep on an average, and forms the only 
navigable approach to the island. Every few years there have been land- 
slides from the foot of the island, just after the frost has left the ground in 
spring. Some of these slides, it will be noticed, have been quite extensive. 



Niagara as It Is. 211 

The Hermit of Niagara. — In June, 1829, there came to Niagara from 
England a respectable young mm of good appearance, but eccentric in con- 
duct, who became enamored of the spot and made it his home. He took 
up hjs abode on Goat Island, first in an unoccupied log hut, and then in a 
little cabin of his own construction. He wandered much about the island, 
seldom speaking to anyone, and often in summer bathed in the little fall 
south of the island. This singular recluse was drowned while bathing below 
the ferry, in June, 1S31. 

Impressions of Visitors. 

' ' The walk about Goat Island at Niagara Falls is probably unsurpassed 
in the world for wonder and beauty." — Charles Dudley Warjier. 

"The vernal beauty of Goat Island is attributable not merely to its 
variety of plants, conspicuous in flower, but also to the extraordinary abund- 
ance in which they are produced. Yet it seems likely that there was a time, 
probably not very long ago, when other species of plants, of great beauty, 
were common upon the island, which are not now to be found there. It ii 
hardly possible that several orchidaceous plants and our three native lilies 
did not once embellish its woods and grassy places. Within a little while 
the harebell has disappeared from the island, and the grass of Parnassus is 
fast going. This is undoubtedly due to careless flower-gatherers, who have 
plucked and pulled without stint or reason." — David F. Day. 

"The eminent English botanist, Sir Joseph Hooker, said that he found 
upon Goat Island a -greater variety of vegetation within a given space than 
elsewhere in Europe or east of the Sierras in America ; the first of American 
botanists, Dr. Asa Gray, has repeated for himself this statement. I have my- 
self followed the Appalachian chain almost from end to end, and traveled on 
horseback over four thousand miles of the continent without finding else- 
where the same quality of forest-beauty which is seen upon Goat Island. 
These distinctive qualities — the great variety of the indigenous perennials 
and annuals, the rare beauty of the old woods, and the exceeding loveliness 
of the rock-foliage — I believe to be the direct effect of the Falls, and as 
much a part of its majesty as the mist-cloud and the rainbow." — Frederick. 
Iai-c^' Ohnslcd. 

"Not one in five hundred, we are persuaded, knows anything- about the 
apocalypse which is vouchsafed to him who, in these glorious winter nights, 
seeks the isle, not of Patmos, but of the Goat. What glowing grandeur in 
that forest fastness then ! What savage music the wind makes, moaning 
through the forsaken wood, and shaking the crystal castanets that dangle 
from the icy fingers of the trees ! How the full moon seemed molten in its 
brightness, filling all heaven with radiance, and painting the snow to a 
whiter whiteness. The everlasting song of Niagara rises in the night. It is 



212 Niagara as It Is. 

high in mid-air when you hear it first, but standing at the brink, it is the 
depth of the din which impresses you, The thunder of the cataract seems 
to boom up out of the earth's very center, as if from some tremendous, un- 
fathomable fountain of sound. The moonlight shows us, also, that there is 
a power which has the audacity to stand in warlike attitude, even against 
Niagara. The moon shone on the icy fortifications at the base of the cat- 
aract, and changed fantastic pinnacles and ridges and cornices of marvelous 
detail to glittering silver. There was another wonder — the spectral child of 
mist and moonlight. When we had v/atched and waited and almost de- 
spaired, suddenly the chasm beneath was spanned by the fairy arch of the 
lunar bow. So soft, so tender, were its half-tinted hues, with such a wan, 
phantom-like beauty it hung above the war of waters, as if love hovered 
over the couch of madness." — David Gray. 



Luna Island. (9.) 

On the Spot. — Descending from the higher level of Goat 
Island by the easy stairs down the ''Hog's Back," or else 
by a wood-path starting down a few rods above, the bridge 
leading to pretty Luna Island is reached. The bridge spans 
that part of the river which leads to the Center Fall. Although 
perfectly safe, it is often in a slight tremor from the jarring of 
the rocks upon which its foundations rest. Luna Island is 
perched on the very brow of the cataract, dividing the water 
of the current, and giving one a place of observation in the 
very midst of the Falls. Matchless rainbows may be seen 
from here during a clear day, and, in time of the full moon, 
the lunar bow ai night. 

From the landing at the foot of the Hog's Back stair, one. 
gets a fine view of the Falls looking toward the American 
mainland. The views in the plates on pages 43 and 44, 
were taken from this point. Notice especially the strong 
contrast, in the afternoon, between the whiteness of the 
waters and mist on the right, and the green river and dark 
Canadian cliffs, now in shade, on the left. 

On the further side of the island, here separated onty by 
an iron rail from the swift torrent, at the point where it turns 





American and Center Falls in winter: From Luna Island Stairway. 



214 



^Niagara as It Is. 



down over the dizzy cliff, you may get very close to the 
American Fall, and can almost touch the water with your 
Jiand. Much that will interest 3^ou ma}^ be seen from here ; 




American Fall with Gorge in the Distance, seen from Foot of Stairs 
Leading to Luna Island. 



notice the very irregular outline of the Fall before you, the 
neighboring picturesque islands, the Rapids, the several Falls, 
the many brown rocks in sight over the precipice with foam- 
ing currents threading around and between them, and the 
Hurricane Bridge leading, by tortuous course from rock to 
rock, to the Cave of the Winds beneath. In the winter, Luna 



Niagara as It Is. 215 

Island, with its rocks, trees and all, is frequently buried 
under many feet of ice formed of freezing spray. 

Dangers and Incidents. — Avoid carelessly going near the water 
where there is no railing. A slip or misstep into the swift current, 
here at the verge of the precipice, would certainly lead to terrible 
consequences. Children should not be allowed to play on the Island, 
or to dip water with cups. In winter when the island is covered with 
ice, even greater caution is necessary. 

In June, 1849, a little ten-year-old girl was standing near the edge of the 
water here, when a young man, playfully seizing her, said, as he swung her 
in his arms, "Now, Nannie, I'm going to throw you in." The frightened 
child struggled and releasing herself from his grasp, fell into the Rapids. The 
young man plunged in after her, caught her dress, and almost succeeded in 
drawing her within reach of her agonized mother, but slipped, and both man 
and child went over the precipice. Their bodies were recovered some days 
later. 

Impressions of Visitors. 

' ' You can't tell what you think of it. Only you look at it, and look and look 
and wonder — and the more you look the bigger and more wonderful it seems 
to grow." — IVilliam Fei-giisoyi. 

" Did you notice how the fir-trees on the island are twisted and warped, 
as if they had tried to turn away from the tempest, and had been beaten 
down with wind and snow ?" — Hen7-y Irznng. 

" And then the rainbows ! no pen can do justice to their number and love- 
liness. No simile can adequately render the feeling of any spectator who 
has a soul for natural beauty, as he gazes on the spectacle of such an iris as 
it was my good fortune to behold." — Charles Alackey. 

BiDDLE Stair — Descending the Cliff, (lo.) 

'■'■ Make us something by which to descend and see what is 
below." So said Nicholas Biddle, a wealthy bank president 
of Philadelphia, to some workmen, in the year 1829, as he 
contributed money to erect the present stairs. They were built 
safe and secure, and the noble gift has contributed annually 
ever since to the delight of many thousands of visitors, who, by 
means of it, have been introduced to some of Niagara's most 
wonderful views. Indeed, the writer, after many years spent 



2l6 



Niagara as It Is. 



in a careful study of Niagara scenery, is free to declare that 

the view of the Center and American Falls, as seen from near 

HORSE bHoe the Rock of Ages (see frontis- 

^ piece) IS more lascmating than 

^^^^ O that of any other scene (out- 

^ X^C? C'O f^ ^^^^ °^ some general views) 

OcOO^^Q comprised among Niagara's 



PORTERS/I 

Bluff (/ 



O 



marvels. 

Dangers and Incidents. — The 
fact should not be concealed that 
during the season of frost and 
spring rains, say from Novem- 
ber 15 to June 15, there is a de- 
gree of danger from faUing icicles 
and stones, loosened by freezing 
and thawing from the cliffs over- 
hanging the walk A to B (fig. y), 
which leads from the foot of the 
stair. Though hundreds of thou- 
sands have visited this point, the 
only fatal accident that was ever 
caused by falling substances oc- 
curred to Dr. Hungerford, who, 
on May 27, 1839, within the 
"danger period," was killed by 
a falling stone. In the five months 
following May, there is, with or- 
dinary care, perhaps no more peril 
in following the cliff-walk than in 
walking the streets of a town or 
journeying by rail. Of the Rocky 
Beach walk 1 1, in the same figure 
— also reached by these stairs, 
and next to be considered — it may 
be said that there is no danger 

from falling substances at any season of the year, and only ordinary 

caution need be exercis'^'^- 




Fig. g. — Map of Foot of Goat Island, 
Rocky Beach and Vicinity. 



Niagara as It Is. 217 

The Center Fall — Cave of the Winds. (11.) 

(See fig-. 9, page 216.) 

On the Spot. — Beyond all question, the most entrancing 
near view of Niagara's falling water is that from the foot of 
the Center Fall, or on the Rocky Beach near by- ' Standing 
at the points indicated on the map by B, C and D, near the 
Rock of Ages, the visitor has before him without doubt the 
finest cascade scene in the world. Should he explore the 
famous Cave of the Winds, behind the sheet of falling water, 
he will have a thrilling and entirely unique experience, which 
will long be remembered. 

TJie Outside Vieiv. — You can at nearly all times stand at 
B, C and D without protection. At B (reached by a smooth 
path from Biddle Stair), observe b}^ a side view the surpass- 
ing beauty of the clearly defined cascade in its leap over the 
rock-roof of the cave and downward for loo feet. It is the 
finest sight of its kind about Niagara. 

The approach to C and D leads down the bank of talus, 
but is not at all difficult for any but weak persons to follow. 
The view obtained from the point to be gained (shown near 
the upper end of the bridge in frontispiece) will repay one a 
thousand times for the slight effort made in gaining it. 

It would be impossible to describe the beauty of the grace- 
fully falling, foaming water, as seen from here. Midstream 
it is heavy, irregular and silvery, but spreads out with the 
utmost grace as it falls into millions of water-drops. The 
dark cliffs and darker cavern are strikingly contrasted with 
the whiteness of the descending sheet, and of the churned 
waters below. The break in the Fall, it will be observed, is 
made by Luna Island. The enormous force displayed here 
b}^ the water, the spray shooting toward the river from the 
rocks as it strikes them with cannon-ball velocity, the boiling, 
milky current rushing between the dark rocks, the rainbows, 
the thunder of the water, all combine to make an impression 
never to be forgotten. It is the intention of the State Park 



21 8 Niagara as It Is. 

authorities to render this spot more easily accessible, at a 
day not far distant. 

The Cave of the Wmds. — The tour through this extraordi- 
nary cavern has been made with intense satisfaction by thou- 
sands of men and women since it was first entered in 1834. 
It is by far the best place for passing behind the falling 
sheet of water. Still, this tour, which fills the average visitor 
with wonder and amazement, is not to be recommended to 
delicate or over-nervous persons. 

For the trip a change of clothes and the services of a guide 
are required. These are procured at the head of Biddle 
Stair, the charge being ^i. The course is from walk A (fig. 
9, page 46) down a stair at E, following the guarded hurri- 
cane bridges and walk F F — a wonderful tour through the 
mists — to G, where the Cave is entered, the exit being at H. 

The trip behind the Fall is one absolutely incomparable, 
the experience of which can never be effaced from the 
mind. Led by the hand of the trusty guide, you advance 
step by step down a rocky ledge. . Encompassing you is an 
unceasing blast of spra}' driven wdth the force of a whirlwind. 
The walk is beside the very edge of the descending column 
of water, hence an incessant shower-bath falls upon your 
head, which is snugly protected by oil-skin. At places, your 
eyes for a moment will be blinded by the storm of spray and 
water, and you gladly depend upon your guide to lead you. 
The roar of the water is deafening. Presently the chaos has 
been penetrated, the shower has cleared, the wind has lulled, 
and the stair with its railing is reached by which you ascend 
from H to the place of starting. The trip once over, you 
realize that at last an intimate acquaintance with the mighty 
waterfall has been gained. Should the visitor not care to go 
behind the Fall, a return can be made from G at the entrance 
of the cave. 

At Leisure. — This remarkable cave affords an excellent example of the 
undermining process continually going on at the Falls, and which causes 



Niagara as It Is. 219 

\.hem to recede. By the action of the strong upward blast of air and mist 
created by the falling column, the soft shell-rock that underlies the harder 
strata of limestone at the top wears away, leaving a projecting shelf above. 
Wherever this shelf is not supported, as it is here at the sides by Luna and 
Goat islands, it in time breaks away, causing a recession by just so much. 

The cave was first visited in the year 1834 by the Messrs. White and 
Sims, residents of the village. They reached the place by boat from the 
foot of Prospect Point, and entered the cavern with great difficulty. Occa- 
sionally some venturesome persons, merely for the name of the thing, still 
enter by that course. The Hurricane Bridge, stairs and safety-rails are car- 
ried away every winter by the ice and rebuilt in the spring. 

Dangers and Incidents. — Since tens of thousands of visitors have 
safely made the tour of the cave, it may confidently be said that there 
is no danger whatever if you keep within the safety rail at all points, 
and follow your guide's lead from rock to rock. This is no place for 
foolhardy feats ; the only accident that ever occurred in the Cave 
was through a disregard of the caution conveyed in these suggestions. 
On August 9, 1875, three young men and two ladies, all residents of 
the village, visited the Cave for a bath. One of the ladies ventured 
outside the railing, and fell, being unable to withstand the strong 
current. A companion sprang to the rescue, but both were carried 
over a low ledge into deeper water. Here the struggle for life con- 
tinued, but with odds too great against them : both soon passed into 
a cloud of spray, and they were never again seen alive. 

Impressions of Visitors. 

Outside the Cave. 
"Here I saw the vapor that never vanishes, and the eternal rainbow of 
Niagara. I gained an insulated rock, and beheld a broad sheet of bril- 
liant and unbroken foam falling headlong downward from height to depth. 
The first stream hurried over the crag by a channel of its own, leaving a 
little pine-clad island and a streak of precipice between itself and the larger 
sheet." — Nathaniel Hazt'thoryie. 

" The thoughts are strange that crowd upon my brain 

While I look upward to thee. It would seem 

As if God poured thee from His hollow hand, 

And hung His bow upon thy awful front. 

And spake in that loud voice which seemed to him 

Who dwelt in Patmos for his Saviour's sake 
' The sound of many waters '; and hath bade 

Thy sound to chronicle the ages back, 

And notch His centuries in the eternal rock.' 

— Brainard. 



2 20 Niagara as It Is. 

" Nowhere else are the prismatic hues exhibited in such wonderful variety, 
nor in such surpassing brilliancy and beauty. Here rainbow-dust and shat- 
tered rainbows are scattered around." — Geo. IV. Holly. 

" The first impression of the scene — a battle. In every direction there is 
tumult — wild charging, skirmishes and retreats. Up from this stormy chaos, 
and out of the bewilderment of soul and sense, rises at last the true concep- 
tion of Niagara in its might and unity." — David Gray. 

Insibe the Cave. 

" Come what may, you will never forget the thrilling sensation of this trip 
It is worth all the trouble, all the risk involved in its accomplishment. It is 
also worth the expense, for the charge is but a dollar for guide and India- 
rubber dress. This is the cheapest dollar's worth in America. — W. G. 
Marshall, J\I. A., in Through America. 

" A hurricane blows up from the cauldron ; a deluge drives at you from 
all parts ; and the noise of both wind and waters reverberated from the 
cavern is inconceivable. Our path was sometimes a vast ledge of rock, just 
broad enough to allow one person at a time to creep along. I might have 
thought the path dangerous, but amid the hubbub of gusts and floods, it ap- 
peared so firm a footing that I had no fear of slipping into the cauldron. 
From the moment that I perceived we were actually behind the cataract, the 
enjoyment was intense." — Harriet Martineaii. 

"This spot was not created ; it was left by the Creator when he called 
other things to order, to show men of what rude materials he formed our 
fair world." — D. R. 

Rocky Beach.— Rock of Ages. (12.) 

(See also plate on page 196.) 

A tour of an hour or more along Rocky Beach may include 
all the delights of easy mountain roving, and keep the won- 
derful Niagara scenery in view all the while. From Biddle 
Stair walk down to I (fig. 9, page2i6),or else from C or D, 
near the huge Rock of Ages, along I I to the boulders at the 
foot of Porter's Bluff, returning by the same course up the 
bank to A. It is a rock-climbing, health-giving tour ; not diffi- 
cult, for the stones and boulders in the way, though smooth 
and rounded, are not slippery. During this walk the Falls 
are seen in every direction from the lowest level attain- 
p.ble. There is no better place from which to see the deep, 
still blue water lying against Goat Island ; the white, foam- 




American and Central Falls seen from below; Rock of Ages to the left. 



222 



Niagara as It Is. 



ing, flashing torrent of the cataract ; the great brown boulders 
lying about, the high cliffs encircling the chasm, and the 
Gorge, spanned by bridges, as it recedes in the distance. 

Dangers and Incidents. — -There is no danger to be feared during 
this tour if ordinary caution is used along the way. 

In the year 1829 the once famous high-jumper and diver, Sam 
I'atch, made a leap into the riv( r from a point about midway from 

the Stair to the Horseshoe Fall. 
Out from the bank he erected a 
scaffold 96 feet high, from which he 
^ twice made successful leaps. 

Impressions of Visitors. 

' ' We went as far as the spray would 
M permit, and got down to the edge of the 
water. It was terrific to look up. The 
overhanging cliffs of Goat Island were 
above our heads, In front, between 
us and the sky, the azure waters, twenty 
feet and more in depth, glided over the 
Fall, and then, beaten up into white 
spray, surged past our. feet like an agi- 
tated sea of milk. The grandeur of the 
scene is enhanced by the great masses of 
rock hurled down by the waters into con- 
fused heaps below. Their huge black 
outlines, dimly visible through the surf 
add to the feeling of terrific power with which we are impressed in gazing 
on this scene. Down here I saw but one hardy individual beside ourselves 
— elsewhere there were crowds. Here it was nature in all her undisturbed 
magnificence." — William Fergtison, F. L. S. 




Rocky Beach, looking toward Horse- 
shoe Falls. 



Porter's Bluff.— Terrapin View. (13.) 

On the Spot. — From the platform at the head of the stair- 
way leading down to Terrapin Rocks, which lie at the edge of 
the Horseshoe Fall, a remarkably fine view of this great Fall 
may be had. Here we are 40 feet higher than at any other 
standpoint as near to the Fall. 



Niagara as It Is. 223 

From here, too, the e3^e takes in a picturesque view of the 
whole vicinity. Look from the bold outlines of the crags 
near the shore on which you stand, to Terrapin Rocks and the 
trees beneath you. The falling water is foaming white where 
thin streams leap downward around the bend near the shore ; 
at the extremity of the chasm it is a wonderful deep green, re- 
lieved by occasional splashes of white mist and spray. 
Against the dark cliffs and boulders the water in the abyss be- 
low looks milky white, and if the wind blows from the Cana- 
dian shore to the left, up-stream, you may feel upon your face 
the mist from the towering clouds of spray forever ascending. 
These easy stairs, with seats at intervals, lead down to Terra- 
pin Bridge and the large rocks at the verge of the Fall. 
From this bridge you see above you the rushing water, and 
below a foam-lashed flood. 

At Leisure. — The beautiful translucent green waters are dark in shadow, 
but at the deepest point from which they pour downward they are bright in 
sunlight. In 1827 an old vessel which drew 18 feet of water went over in 
the center of the Falls without hindrance, proving the water there to be at 
least 20 feet deep. From this fact we can better realize that the enormous 
quantity of nearly 100,000,000 tons of water is poured over the different 
precipices at Niagara each hour. 

Listen to the dull, thundering sound of the falling waters, that neither 
chmges nor ceases. In clear weather and in daylight the sound is not nearly 
so loud as when the atmosphere is charged with moisture or at night. Bear 
in mind also that it is generated far below the level of the surrounding coun- 
try, and vibrates from side to side of the chasm before reaching your ear. 
A musket fired down below sounds no louder than a pop-gun. 

Dangers and Incidents. — Incur no risk by venturing on the rocks 
at the edge of Terrapin Bridge, and near the precipice ; this is not 
the place for any foolhardy feats. 

In January, 1852, a visitor fell off the bridge into the Rapids at this point, 
but caught on some rocks at the extreme edge of the Fall. There he re- 
mained in extreme peril until ropes were cast out to him by Isaac Davy and 
some bystanders. With these he was drawn, in a greatly exhausted condi- 
tion, to a safe place, to give thanks for his marvelous escape from death. 

In 18 10 a loaded boat sank in the river near Chippewa, and the captain 
and three of his crew went over the Horseshoe Falls. 



224 



Niagara as It Is. 



Impressions of Visitors. 

" The voice of ages." — Xathaniel Hazvthorne. 

"It is the fall of an ocean." — Mrs. TroUofe. 

" I do not believe it is possible for any description to exaggerate the glory 
and loveliness of Niagara — nay, more, the longer you look at it the greater 
must be your admiration." — IVi'llimn Hardmayi. 

' ' The water appears to pass over the brink with comparative slowness, 
then falls with constantly accelerated speed, the colors changing as the ve- 
locity increases and air gets into the torrent, until the original bright green 
becomes a foaming white, which is quickly lost behind the clouds of spray 
beneath. These clouds slowly rise in a thin, semi-transparent mist far 
above the cataract." — London Times Correspondent. 

' ' The rapids are glorious as ever. They seem to stir and cool the air 
above them and fan it to the shore." — Geo. IV. Clinton. 



im^mmm^Mmi^^^^'^s 



The Three Sisters. (14.) 

With these gems of Niagara — lovely sisters they are^you 
can spend several hours most delightfully. Then you will 
wish to renew 
the visit some 
time. On the 
hottest days of 
summer the at- 
mosphere here 
i s remarkably g 
cool and re- 
freshing, and 
the shade com- 
plete. From 
between scrag- 
gy cedars and '^g 




Fie. lo. Three Sister Islands. 



Other growths 
and from the 

bridges the eye may gaze on some of Niagara's most enchant- 
ing scenery. 

The Islands should be visited when the sun shines brightly. 
or then the extraordinary contrasts of the light on the foam- 



Niagara as It Is. 225 

crests and mists with the deep-green water, verdure ana 
frowning rocks is the most striking. 

After a continuous period of east winds the views here are 
somewhat less favorable than at other times. As mentioned 
elsewhere, a prolonged east wind has the effect of depressing 
the waters of the Niagara and the lower end of Lake Erie as 
much as one foot, or sometimes several feet, over the entire 
surface. On rare occasions, as a result of this, there is no 
water between the first island of the three and Goat Island. 

The Little Brother Isle (the picturesque dot near the foot 
of the third island, fig. 10) is not accessible. 

The First Island. — This island is of narrow form. Among the trees and 
other growths which clothe it in primitive wildness, charming paths may be 
sought out. The wild walk to the head of the isle is especially attractive 
and leads to a remarkably pretty spot at the extreme end (shown at B on the 
map), shaded by cedars, hemlocks and pines, with a rustic seat of roots from 
which to watch the waters. There is a pretty bit of shaded beach to the 
right of the cross-walk, at C. Nearly under the bridge crossed is the beauti- 
ful Hermit's Cascade (A), named after Francis Abbott, the young hermit of 
Niagara, who often came to this charming retreat. 

The Seco7id Island. — Here are met strength and boldness of feature, fitting 
well the surrounding scenery. Observe the " Sisters' Rage," the wonderful 
moving waters just above the second bridge, and indicated on the map by 
D. Note the picturesque surroundings of rugged rocks, scraggy cedars, 
pines and other trees, and the swift, foamy current. The contrast between 
the great boulders and flat, deep-furrowed, partly submerged rocks, E and 
F, on the upper end of the island, and the wild, undulating, wooded lower 
part, G H, is most striking. Uninviting as the latter part may seem at 
first glance, yet it is easy to follow the paths throughout, especially the 
one along the further side, and thus gain acquaintance with as choice a bit 
of primitive forest as a lover of picturesque nature could wish to explore. 

On no account miss the steps at the right of the main path near the further 
bridge. From the rocks below, at J, may be had a fine view. To the front 
close by is the Island Cascade, shooting, at I, over a bold shelf. The waters, 
white with fury, fall into a splendid turmoil below. Through the dark foli- 
age of the outer island appears to view the main rapids near this most turbu- 
lent point, and stretching almost a mile away to the Canadian shore. You 
have a remarkable combination of brilliant spray and foam, deep green 
waters, dark verdure and brown rocks in the scene before you. From the 



226 



Niagara as It Is. 



bridge and the foot of the bridge-stairs you may catch other charming 
glimpses of the Island Cascade. 

The Third Island. — Nearly 600 feet out from Goat Island, in the midst 
of Niagara's swift torrent, lies that bit of unrestrained nature called Wild 
Nell. It is a mass of bold rocks, earth, stunted cedars and pines, wild vines 
and mosses. The current here runs at the rate of 28 miles an hour. A 
little above the island, extending far out toward Canada, is a continuous 
breaker-cascade. The views along the further side and upper end of the 
island are especially fine. 

But among all Niagara's wonderful rapids, the finest view is that seen 
from near the foot of this island, looking in the direction of N. The prom- 
inent feature here is Water-mound, or Leaping-rock — a surprising undula- 
tion, not far from 20 feet in height. Observe the vale of almost snowy 
whiteness just below the mound. What contrasts of color in the greenish 
water, the crested billows, the valley of foam, the mist, the rocks and the 
foliage, as presented from this spot ! 



Up the River— American Side. (15.) 

River Drive. — A driveway extends through the State 

Reservation for more than 
half a mile up the shore over- 
looking the Rapids and open- 
ing into the street beyond. 
The walk along the same 
course is quite comfortable. 
Many shade-trees and pleas- 
a n t grassy slopes abound, 
while the views of the Rapids 
and of the river as it broadens 

out to nearly two miles in width a short distance above are 

very fine, and most restful to the eyes. 

Fort Schlosser Ruins. — Exactly a mile and a half above the Falls, and 
connected with them by a street-car line, is the location of the former Fort 
Schlosser, otherwise called Steadman's Landing. It was at the first settled 
by white men near the cataract, on the American side. During the French 
and English war of the last century there was here an earlier fort than 
Schlosser, called Little Fort Niagara, which was destroyed before the former 
was built. From the earliest settling of whites on the upper lakes until the 




Niagara as It Is. 



227 




building of the Erie Canal, in 1828, large quantities of merchandise de- 
signed for the western country were shipped by water to Lewiston, below the 

cataract, and thence by wagons 

around the Falls to Schlosser or 
Steadman's Landing, where it 
was again received into vessels 
for shipment up the river and 
lakes. 

Of ruins in the vicinity that 
of the old chimney, familiar to 
all passers by, is the only one 
remaining. This chimney with 
the house attached was built 

by the French in 1757. Little Fort Niagara, built in the same year, and 
this house were destroyed by the French in 1759, as their small garrison re- 
treated across the river before the English. In 1761 Fort Schlosser was 
built by the English about one-fourth of a mile above the chimney, and a 
new house was also erected beside the chimney. Of the fort, the elevated 
plateau of the interior and the ditch that on three sides surround it were 
clearly distinct until the summer of i8gi, when they were effaced by the 
Niagara Falls Power Co A line of river boats connects this point, at the 
street-car terminus, with Buffalo, 20 miles above. 

Observation Tower. 

From the top floor of this lofty steel structure, situated just 
outside of Prospect Park, the visitor can obtain a general view of 
the great cataract and its surroundings that must not be missed. 
This tower is 300 feet high, or nearly 500 feet above the water 
line of the nearby river below the falls. The ascent is made by 
elevator, the charge being 25 cents. Not only can the visitor 
here familiarize himself with the geography of the vicinity, to 
great advantage for further sight-seeing, but he may also gain a 
remarkable conception of the surrounding country, as far as 
Buffalo and Lake Erie up river, to Toronto and Lake Ontario in 
opposite directions, all of which are in sight on a clear day. The 
view from this tower is one of the finest to be had at Niagara. 

Upper Suspension Bridge and the Gorge. (i6.) 

On the Spot. — The light, graceful bridge, first constructed 
in 1869, has been not only a great convenience to the tourist, 



228 Niagara as It Is. 

but it also affords one of the best general views of the several 
cataracts and the Gorge. The position has always been a 
favorite one with photographers of Niagara scenery. The 
view given on the title-page of the present work is from this 
point. 

Admission to or across the bridge one way for each person 
is 20 cents, or over and return 25 cents, with no extra charge 
for carriages. 

For viewing the scene from here, a bright day with the sun 
past noon is the best time. The several cataracts, the tall 
cliffs, the mists, the clouds, and particularly the beautiful green 
river 190 feet below the bridge floor, as affected by light and 
shade, conspicuously attract the eye. Notice that while the 
surface of the water below is comparatively smooth, yet its 
peculiar eddying flow, as indicated by streaks of foam in fan- 
tastic shapes, bears evidence of the swift rush of the torrent 
beneath. 

Observe how on each side the walls of rock rise perpendicu- 
larly from the talus — the rock-fragments piled along their base. 
Some idea of the bridge's height above the water may be 
gained by noting the tops of the tall trees far below. 

At Leisure. — This elegant structure, begun in 1868, was finished a year 
later. The first cables were carried over on an ice-bridge. In 1877 the 
bridge was partly rebuilt. January 10, 1889, in a terrific gale, nearly the 
entire structure except the cable was swept down by the wind. By the fol- 
lowing May the damage had been repaired and the bridge again opened to 
the public. The length of the suspended portion of the walk and driveway 
is 1,240 feet, nearly one-fourth of a mile ; the total length of cables between 
the anchorage is 1,800 feet. The height of the American towers is 100 feet; 
those on the Canadian cliff are five feet higher. The total weight of the 
bridge is about 800 tons. 

The Gorge at this place is 1,250 feet wide. The river-banks on both sides 
rise to the level of the top of the Falls, or somewhat above, on about the same 
level for seven miles below and long distances east and west. The Gorge 
thus carved becomes in fact deeper and deeper by approximately as much 
as the descent of the Lower Rapids towards Lewiston. Two miles be- 
low the Falls the river is barely 800 feet wide, and at the outlet of the Whirl- 
pool, a mile further down, the tremendous current is contracted into a space 



Niagara as It Is. 22^ 

of less than 250 feet wide. The current of the river below, in the vicinity 
of this bridge, is seven miles an hour. That there is a powerful undercur- 
rent is not only shown by the the peculiar surface-eddies, but also by the 
fact that saw-logs and other articles hurled over the Horseshoe Fall frequently 
are not seen until they come up in the Whirlpool Rapids, or at the Whirlpool, 
some miles below. If a visit is paid to the bridge early on a summer morn- 
ing when the wind is down stream (the prevailing direction) a rainbow, form- 
ing a complete circle with the bridge passing through it, may be seen. 
On this bridge is one of the best and safest positions for viewing the ice- 
formations about the Falls in the winter. If the time be towards sunset on 
a bright winter day the surroundings, illuminated by the slanting rays of 
sunshine, are indescribably grand. 

Dangers and Incidents. — There was a fearful storm January 10, 
i88g, which stripped the cables from nearly every portion of the 
bridge. The wind was blowing a hurricane. First the stays were 
snapped, and then the bridge seemed to rise and fall fully twenty feet. 
Often the roadway tipped sideways. After the storm began, Dr. J. 
W. Hodge, of the American side, made the perilous passage of the 
bridge. His only hope of reaching the American end alive was by 
holding on to the violently swaying structure and creeping toward the 
end as best he could. This he did, and finally reached the shore, 
wet through and covered with ice. 

In 1875 ^° unknown man by some means fell over the bank near this 
bridge on the Canada side. Strange as it may seem, he was but slightly 
hurt. 

Impressions of Visitors. 

"As the river courses far below the Falls, confined between vast walls of 
rock — the clear water of a peculiar greenish hue, and white here and there 
with circlets of yet unsoothed foam — the effect is startlingly beautiful. The 
high cliffs are crested with woods ; the ruins of the great rock walls form 
wide irregular banks between them and the water's edge, often so far below 
that you sometimes look from the upper brink down to the tops of tall trees 
that seem diminished in size." — VViUiam Robinson. 

" The most surprising thing to me about Niagara is the fact — it must be a 
jact — that this mighty torrent, after falling into the river, ploughs its way 
along the bottom — the surface being comparatively calm— dives along for 
two miles and then leaps up from its imprisonment, as it were, into the gen- 
eral view, a wild, fierce torrent, with further down that awful Whirlpool." — 
Henry Iri'in^q', in "' lynfressioyis of America.'' 

" The steep banks of the Niagara were seamed and furrowed with ice and 



230 Niagara as It Is. 

snow. Every channel was ribbed with ice. Here and there tiny falls that 
mimicked the colossal ones beyond were frozen into columns. Further on 
there was a cluster of fountains gushing out of the rocks beneath a number 
of mills. Their waters leaped down some fifty or sixty feet into great ice 
bowls. There were ponderous heaps of ice at the bed of the American 
Falls. A section of them was literally frozen into a curious mass of icicles." 
— Joseph Hutton, Author of " To-day in America.''' 

Cliff-Roadway to Ferry. (17.) 

This driveway and walk, extending on the Canadian shore 
from the top of the cliff to the water's edge 180 feet below, 
was built in 1827. The roadway is an excellent one, easy to 
pursue either on footor with vehicles. Along the course of 
this remarkable drive may be obtained a series of views of 
the several cataracts varying at every step from top to bot- 
tom. Here is an excellent place to obtain an intimate idea 
of the formation of the rocky cliffs, and of the talus deposit- 
ed against them. The soft, crumbling nature of the shale 
strata when exposed to the elements, which is so important 
a factor in the wearing back of the Falls, is very clearly 
shown along the sides of the roadwoy. The rich vegetation 
growing out of the rockseams is of particular interest to plant- 
lovers, much of it being peculiar to this spot so far as this 
region in general is concerned. 

The river steamers receive and land passengers here every 
half hour during the summer season. 

Those who delight in rock-climbing may here find all the 
inducement needed to engage in the exercise, by following the 
course towards the Falls not far back from the water's edge. 

Impressions of Visitors. 

' ' Here a causeway hewn in the side of the precipice goes winding down to 
the Ferry. The sun was near setting when I began the descent. The indi- 
rectness of my downward road continually changed the point of view, and 
showed me, in rich and repeated succession, now the whitening Rapids and 
majestic leap of the main river, which appeared more deeply massive as the 
day departed ; now the lovelier picture, yet still sublime, of Goat Island 
with its rocks and groves ; now the long vista of the river as it eddied and 



232 Niagara as It Is. 

whirled between the clififs. Solitude now reigned over the whole vicinity, 
and the spot so famous throughout the world was all my own " — Nathaniel 
Haivthoryie. 

" The wild vines scramble among the trees; many flowers and shrubs 
seam the high rocks ; in moist spots here and there a sharp eye may detect 
many flowered tufts of the beautiful fringed gentian." — William Robinson. 

The Queen Victoria Niagara Falls Park. (18.) 

This park covers an area of about 154 acres. It extends 
along the western bank of the Niagara from the Cliff- Roadway 
to near the head of the Rapids, about 2^ miles above. The 
width embraces all the land lying between the water's edge 
and the steep wooded bluff. 

History of the Park. — In 1878 Governor Robinson, of New York, and 
Lord Dufferin, then Governor-General of Canada, discussed the practicability 
of such a park, and measures were taken which resulted seven years later 
in the establishment of this park on the Canadian side of the river in the 
province of Ontario. By the spring of 1887 the title in all the lands em- 
braced by the park had been obtained by the government, and the commis- 
sioners began the work required to imiprove and restore the property. The 
grounds have been cleared of unsightly structures ; roads, pathways, bridges, 
etc., have been built and repaired, and many facilities requisite for the 
proper enjoyment of the grand and impressive scenes afforded by this region 
of wonders have been provided. The Park was opened to the public on 
the 24th of May, 1888. 

Inspiration Point. (19.) 

On the Spot. — At this point, midway opposite the two 
great cataracts, the visitor obtains the most comprehensive 
near view of all the Falls. The afternoon is the best time to 
take in this view. On seats provided for the use of visitors, 
a stop of considerable length may be made with profit. 

The water of the American Fall (to the left) is of a pale 
green tinge ; that of the Horseshoe Fall (to the right) a deep 
green ; but in either case, long before the descending waters 
reach the bottom they change into frothy spray and are ob- 
scured by rising mist. The course of the current as it leaves 
both falls is towards the shore you occupy, while at the foot 



Niagara as It Is. 233 

of Goat Island it is comparatively still. The rocks below the 
Falls are conspicuous from this point. It is seen that the 
greater part of the American Fall does not drop into a cauldron 
of water, but leaps upon a base of rock, rushing thence to the 
main bed of the river outside. It is interesting to watch 
from here the passenger-steamers throughout the somewhat 
boisterous course they pursue, to listen to the deep, musical 
tones of the cataract, and to note the dwarfed appearance 
of the four and five-story buildings in the opposite city as 
compared with the height of the Falls. 

At Leisure.— The entire width of the Fall's brow is 4,750 feet, including 
Goat Island — total, four-fifths of a mile. The height of the Horseshoe Falls 
is 158 feet, and its width, following the contour, about 1,881 feet. The Ameri- 
can Fall is a little higher, being 160 feet, and its width is about 924 feet. It 
is estimated that upwards of 90,000 tons of water, on an average, pass over 
the several Falls every hour. The roar of the Falls — if the smooth, deep 
" sound of many waters " may be so termed — especially before either a rain 
or snow-storm, is very noticeable at this point. The ground on this side 
shakes at almost any time so that doors, windows, lamps, etc., in buildings 
will be agitated very markedly. This can readily be noticed about 50 rods 
above Inspiration Point at the Geological Museum building, where closed 
windows are usually in a tremor. It is no uncommon event in favorable 
\veather to hear the noise of the cataract 20 miles away, while not to hear it 
from five to ten miles away at night is exceptional. At times, however, espe- 
cially in a windward direction from the Falls, the roar cannot be heard at a 
distance of half a mile. 

From this point the mist of the cataract is a striking feature of the sceug 
as it sways one way or another according to the wind, or towers directly up- 
ward for many hundred feet. On a clear morning these clouds of spray 
may be seen far beyond the limits of Niagara's sound. 

Impressions of Visitors. 

"Fancy that into this abyss, a little on one side, tumbles the river Clyde, 
over a precipice nigh 200 feet in height ; and at the upper rounded end let 
some four or five Clydes come tumbling in, and you have a fair approxima- 
tion to the bare fact of Niagara ! But the foam, the color of the water, the 
incessant roar, have all to be added." — ]]Hlia7n Ferguson, F. L. S. 

"Photographs naturally convey not the smallest notion of tho dazzling 
white foam, the delicate tints of blue, varying from pale cobalt to deep indigo. 



234 Niagara as It Is. 

the vast cloud of spray carried here and there by the wind, nor any of the 
marvelous atmospheric effects which fascinate the beholder." — William 
Hardman. 

" Hail ! Sovereign of the World of Floods, whose majesty and might 
First dazzles — then enraptures — then o'erawes the aching sight. 
Thy diadem is an emerald green, of the clearest, purest hue, 
Set round with waves of snow-white foam, and spray of feathery dew ; 
White tresses of the brightest pearls float o'er thine ample sheet, 
And the rainbow lays its gorgeous gems in tribute at thy feet." 

— Buckingham, 1838. 

' ' Having been everywhere about Niagara, above and below, far and near, 
over and under, I must say I have never for a moment heard any roar about 
Niagara. I heard nothing but a perfectly musical tone — clear, definite and 
unapproachable in its majestic perfection ; a complete series of tones, all 
uniting in one grand and noble unison." — Eugene Thayer. 

" I felt that I was face to face with the great God of us ; I'd lost my com- 
panions, though they stood by me ; I had no recollection of ever having any ; 
I had forgotten everything. The world I had lived in had vanished, and in 
that awful sound that rang and kept ringing, and was to me a summons to judg- 
ment, I could hear angels' trumpets and the singing of those blessed souls 
which I had hoped to see ere long, though I felt myself an unworthy visitor. 
And this image kept growing and growing till I felt as if I had been lifted off 
my feet, and was soon to join that great choir that was filling heaven with its 
everlasting music." — Be/z Brierly' s Tri;p to America, 



Table-Rock View of the Horseshoe Fall. (20.) 

On the Spot. — At the Table Rock end of the famous 
Horseshoe Fall the visitor on an}^ cloudless afternoon stands 
face to face with the cataract over which passes much the 
greater part, perhaps nine-tenths, of Niagara's volume. 
Nearly the whole wall of water, i,88i feet long and 148 
feet high, is in sight, except as obscured by the veil of 
mist perpetually rising. Nowhere else in the world can be 
found such a combination of marvelous objects, colors, con- 
trasts and sounds as here. Observe the intense yet delicate 
green of the gracefully falling water, the dazzling whiteness 
of the sun-illumined mist and of the seething foam below ; 
the turbulent Rapids be5^ond the brow, the blue and white sky 
above, the darkness of Goat Island cliffs and rocks to the left, 



Niagara as It Is. 235 

the deep verdure of the cedars and other trees, and the heavy 
shadows caused by the cataract's winding contour. The- river 
in the gorge below in some places is milky white, at others 
bright emerald, and in perspective, partly dimmed by misty 
haze, are seen the chasm and the American Fall. You feel the 
portrayal of Niagara by words, pencil or camera to be but a 
mere mockery, as you stand in the midst of this intense motion, 
with the thunderous yet musical tones of the cataract throb- 
bing about you, and beautiful rainbows, broken by shifting 
spra}^, flashing before your eyes. The change in color of the 
water from the beautiful clear green at the edge of the preci- 
pice through the milky white at the foot, and further down to 
a deep green again, is remarkable. This change is effected in 
the water itself, which is so comminuted and blended with air 
as it is carried down the cataract that in appearance it resem- 
bles milk, or as some have said, finely triturated silver. 

From the. veranda of Table Rock House, situated at this 
point, is to be had (free) a comprehensive view of the locality. 
The far-famed Table Rock, a splendid crag projecting here 
some 60 feet over the chasm, once afforded an unequaled view 
of the scenery, but the larger part of it fell in 1850 and most 
of the remainder in 1867. 

Descending the cliff here by a hydraulic elevator (charge, 25 
cents), we find ourselves on a rocky path that extends along 
the head of the talus, and leading behind the cataract at the 
edge of the descending waters a tunnel has been constructed 
for 120 feet through the solid rock in a curving line correspond- 
ing with the shape of the Horseshoe Fall. Its further end 
opens outward towards the falling sheet, giving a most unique 
and interesting view of it, although the volume of water 
is comparatively thin at this point. Many will agree that the 
views are less impressive from below at this point than at sim- 
ilar positions near the American Fall. This is because of 
the thinness of the stream afits edge, and the distance to the 
deeper water. 



236 Niagara as It Is. 

Scramble over the winding, rocky path down to the water's 
edge, and you reach the huge Manitou rock. It is a close but 
safe approach to the cauldron which attracts so much atten- 
tion from above. 

The views which thus far have been referred to may be had 
without the protection of special clothing, unless the wind 
comes directly toward the shore from the mist region, when 
an ordinary ''gossamer" or other waterproof coat or wrap 
will be found quite useful. 

Dangers and Incidents. — We must advise extreme caution against 
venturing near the water's edge. When on this rock (Manitou) the 
writer has heard a sudden shock, as of subterranean thunder, of 
sufficient loudness to startle a person with pretty strong nerves — and 
an impulsive movement here may be dangerous! 

August 23, 1844, a Miss Rugg, while walking with a friend along the river 
at this point, reached out to pick some berries hanging beyond the bank. 
She lost her footing, fell to the rocks below, and died within a few hours. 

In 1850 thirty or forty persons stood upon the great Table Rock but an 
hour before it fell. An omnibus-driver stood near the edge of the cliff wash- 
ing his vehicle. He felt the motion of the rock just in time to escape. His 
vehicle was carried over into the abyss. The poet Emerson stood on the 
rock the day before its fall. 

In April, 1878, two brothers, named Reilly, started to cross the river from 
Port Day to Chippewa, a little distance above the Falls, as they had often 
done before. One of them was intoxicated and interfered with the rowing, 
so that they were drawn into the Canadian rapids and went over the Horse- 
shoe Fall. In the same month a young Canadian in crossing from Navy 
Island to Chippewa had his boat drawn into the current and went over the 
Falls. 

Impressions of Visitors. 

' Tha Horseshoe Fall as a single object is unquestionable the sublimest 
thing in nature." — N'. P. IVi'llis. 

" To shallow minds Niagara is disappointing because they cannot even be- 
gin to comprehend its significance But the mind which knows something 
of the language in which Niagara speaks finds always impressive teaching in 
the thought that this work represents not a millionth part of the energy re- 
siding ii terrestrial gravity — the force which our mother earth uses as if but 
in play. Here its grim might is seen, and all the more impressively since 
we know that while it is but the merest nothing of the earth's force, yet we 




The Horseshoe Fall, from below on the Canadian Side. 



=238 Niagara as It Is. 

are overwhelmed by its vehemence and powerless in its presence. When 
the real energies of Niagara have been recognized and the relation between 
those energies and the might of terrestrial gravity is understood, the mind 
must be awed by the stupendous significance of Niagara." — Richard A. 
JYoctor, in " Science,'''' 1886. 

" It was now about three o'clock in the afternoon. I stood on the brow 
of Table Rock and gazed once more on the great dreary, colorless expanse 
of water, foam and spray. And this was Niagara, and there was nothing 
more ? Nothing ? With a burst like the sound of a trumpet, the sodden sun 
came out, and — God bless him ! — there he was ; and there, too, in the midst 
of the foaming waters, was the everlasting bow ! The rainbow shone out 
upon the cataract, the sky turned blue ; the bright clarinet had served to 
call all nature to arms. The very birds that had been flopping dully over 
the spray began to fly and circle, and looking around me I saw that the 
whole scene had become glorified. There was light and color everwhere. 
And it was then I began, as many more have begun, perchance, to wonder 
at and love Niagara." — George Augustus Sala. 

' ' The great Falls faces you, enshrined in the surging incense of its own 
resounding mists. Already you see the world-famous green — baffling paint- 
ers, baffling poets, clear and lucid on the lip of the precipice, the more so, of 
course, for the clouds of silver and snow into which it drops transformed. 
A green more gorgeously cool and pure it is impossible to conceive. It is 
to the vulgar greens of earth what the blue of a summer sky is to our mun- 
dane azure, and is, in fact, as sacred, as remote, as impalpable as that. You 
can fancy it the parent green, the head-spring of color to all the verdant 
water-caves, and all the clear haunts and bowers of naiads and mermen in all 
the streams of earth. On a level with the eye appear the white faces of the 
rapids. Below, the river drifts along with measured pride, deep and lucid, 
yet of immense body — the most stately of torrents. Its movement, its sweep, 
its progression, are as admirable as its color, but as little as its color to be 
made a matter of words. These things are but a part of a spectacle in which 
nothing is imperfect. You stand steeped in long looks at the most beautiful 
object in the world. The pure beauty of elegance and grace is the grand 
characteristic of the Falls. It is supremely artistic — a harmony, a master- 
piece." — Henry James, Jr., in '' Portraits of Places.'' 

" Oh, how the strife and trouble of daily life receded from my view and 
lessened in the distance during the ten memorable days passed on the En- 
chanted' Ground." — Charles Dicke7is, iti " American Notes." 

' ' He stands amid a whirlwind of spray, and the gloom of the abyss, the 
dark firmament of rock which threatens destruction to the intruder, the ter- 
rors of the descending torrent, the deep thunder of its roar, and the fearful 



Niagara as It Is. 239 

convulsion of the waters into which it falls, constitute the features of a scene, 
the sublimity of which extends to the very verge of horror." — Hamilton. 

' ' No word-painting can convey an idea of the terrible grandeur of this king 
of falls. The immense stretch of that fearful, sweeping wave, the slow, meas- 
ured descent into that hellish, boiling abyss, that roar so loud and thunder- 
ing, yet so soft, so mellow, so permeating, that glorious iris spanning the 
flood, glistening amid the snow-white clouds of spray that rise hundreds of 
feet aloft — all this is but an inadequate portrayal of this wondrous phenome- 
non."— ?^. G. Marshall, M. A. 

' ' The fascination of Niagara is enthralling. You tear yourself away as from 
a giant. Softer and deeper was the blue of the Horseshoe Fall ; higher and 
higher rose the lovely veil of spay, until it floated away in misty rain a thou- 
sand feet in air ; and a brighter rainbow spanned the stream when the 
morning came for us to leave." — William Hardw,an. 

"It baffles description to convey the remotest idea of that mass of eme- 
rald water hurrying down such a fearful gulf." — William, Ferguson. 

Canadian Park Islands. (21.) 

A short distance above Table Rock the Grand Rapids Drive 
leads to and through these finely wooded islands. A toll of 
50 cents is charged for a carriage with all its occupants, or 
10 cents for each pedestrian. 

Cedar Island is first reached, the shores of which are con- 
stantly washed by the impetuous waters a moment before 
they plunge into the abyss. Both from the carriage-drive and 
the foot-path good views are to be had of the whole stretch of 
rapids above the Horseshoe Fall. 

Continuing up the river to the main-land and passing through 
the grounds of the Park, you may get an excellent view of the 
Rapids in their speedy descent of 55 feet in three-fourths of 
a mile. 

Near the upper end of the park, the drive and walk — each 
over a suspension-bridge of its own — leads across the deeply 
indenting arm of the river, called ''The Elbow," to Lord 
Dufferin Islands. This group consists of four islands, three 
of which are accessible by pretty rustic bridges. Sylvan 
rambles, bowers and the cascade platform have been provided, 
so that visitors may enjoy with comfort the beauty of the place. 



240 . Niagara as It Is. 

Up the River— Canada Side. (22.) 

At the top of the bluffs beyond Dufferin Islands, Prospect 
Drive and Falls View, near by, are reached ; both afford a fine 
view of much of the Niagara scenery. 

At Leisure. — On the main-land about two miles above Table Rock, 
Chippewa creek and the old village of Chippewa are situated. A short dis- 
tance above the village is the Plain of Chippewa, where, July 5, 1814, a 
battle was fought between the English and Americans. 

To the west and almost directly back of the Falls, about one mile from the 
river, is Lundy's Lane battle-ground, where, July 25, 18 14, an engagement 
took place between the English and the Americans. The English occupied 
the vicinity, while the American army approached by way of Chippewa. 

A short distance up the river lies Navy Island. It belongs to Canada, and 
contains about 300 acres. In 1764 the English built two vessels on this 
isl nd, and during the Canadian rebellion, in 1838, it was the rendezvous of 
th ^ p atriot forces. 

Utilizing the Power of Niagara. 

The stupendous force vested in the falling waters of Niagara, 
considered from the standpoint of available water power for man- 
ufacturing and other purposes, has long been a fertile subject of 
speculation in the minds of intelligent observers. What the 
aggregate power of the Falls amounts to is not accurately known, 
but it is perhaps not an extreme calculation which places the 
total power of the great cataract at double that of all the power 
now employed in the factories of America. As plans are now 
reaching completion for utilizing a small fraction, as compared 
with the whole, of this power, but which represents the greatest 
development of power in one place ever achieved by man, it be- 
comes a matter of wide interest to the world of mechanics and to 
every visitor to Niagara Falls. Indeed, it is now assured that 
whereas in the past, Niagara Falls has won its distinction mainly 
as affording the greatest natural scenery of its kind in the world, 
the time is at hand when the place will, because of cheap electric 
energy, possess the distinction of being the greatest manufactur- 
ing center in the world. As contributing to such an end there is 



Niagara as It Is. 241 

not alone the factor of steady and practically unlimited power, 
afforded at a fraction of the cost of coal-produced power, but the 
favorable location of this power is equally significant, as indicated 
by the facts that here follow : 

First. — Niagara Falls is a deep-water port, at the eastern 
terminus of the great lake system of navigation, which reaches out 
to the west into the region of the richest of America's mines^ 
fields and forests. Accordingly all raw materials can be delivered 
at the docks and mills of Niagara Falls, by vessel, at the lowest 
possible rates, both for the materials and for transportation. 
The navigation of the waters tributary to Niagara Falls now 
exceeds that of London, and by fourfold that of the Suez Canal. 

Second. — This cheap power is located at the western ter- 
minal of seven trunk railroad lines from the Atlantic coast, having 
fifteen tracks and more than eighty passenger and hundreds of 
freight trains daily. It is likewise situated central to the greatest 
railway system, next to Chicago, in the world ; twenty-six rail- 
roads terminate at the Niagara shore, and which communicate 
within a radius of 450 miles with a population of 35,000,000 
souls, or half the people of the nation. Niagara Falls is also 
connected with the seaboard by the Erie and Welland Canals. 

The coming question with all manufacturers soon must be : 
Given at Niagara the cheapest known power, the limitless raw 
material of the great lake region, the matchless accessibility of 
the markets of the world by rail and waterway, with a saving of 
millions of dollars in freights by water competition here, can any- 
one in these days of narrow profits elsewhere compete with the 
advantages enumerated as present for all time at this place ? 

In order to introduce the reader to the actual development of 
power now in progress at Niagara Falls, several distinct develop- 
ing projects must be considered. 

The most prominent of these projects is that of the Niagara 
Falls Power Comp)any, the imposing power-house of which is 
situated close to, and in plain sight from the railroads, about one 
mile up the river. The power-house is open to the public, 



242 Niagara as It Is. 

within certain limits, and should be visited by every stranger at 
Niagara. Around this power-house already cluster the largest 
paper mill in the world, the aluminum works of the Pittsburg 
Reduction Company, the new Carborundum works, and others. 
The company is composed of New York capitalists, headed by 
such men as William K. Vanderbilt, J. P. Morgan, August Bel- 
mont, D. O. Mills, and others. The company's expenditures 
since the beginning of operations aggregate more than four 
million dollars. 

A chief feature of this company's plan is a tunnel 7,250 feet in 
length, extending from the power-house referred to, to the 
river below the cataract at a point nearly under the carriage 
suspension bridge, the outlet being plainly in sight from the 
bridge. This tunnel is nineteen feet wide by twenty-one feet 
high, and has an outlet capacity of 120,000 horse power. At 
the upper power-house end of the tunnel there is a series of 
turbine wheels, each of 5,000 horse power, supplied with water 
from vertical power shafts connected with the inlet or feeder canal 
that leads from the river above the falls and terminating in the 
tunnel. The water in these shafts has a fall of 140 feet, the im- 
mense pressure of which on the turbines below, creates 5000 
horse power from each turbine. This power is converted into 
electricity by large dynamos, one to each turbine, situated in the 
power-house, and from which it is conducted for manufacturing, 
lighting and other purposes. 

The present company's other projects cover a duplicate tunnel 
or tunnels up to a capacity of 200,000 horse-power. An addi- 
tional project that is controlled by the gentlemen of this company, 
is the construction of a tunnel on the Canadian side of the Falls, 
to have 200,000 horse-power. This power, it is expected, will be 
mainly transmitted to the American side of the river. 

Older in the field and scarcely less important than the fore- 
going, is the work of the Niagara Falls Hydraulic Power and 
Manufacturing Company. Instead of a tunnel, this company has 
a surface canal or head race as its main water course. This canal 



Niagara as It Is. 243 

is seventy feet wide and fourteen feet deep, and extends across 
the city from a point one mile above the Falls, to a point one- 
half mile below the Falls, where the water descends to turbines 
under the bank, and which supply power to a number of factories 
and for other uses. The numerous mills that are prominently 
located on the river's bank on the American side, just below the 
carriage suspension bridge, are run by this power. The present 
company's canal has an estimated capacity of 100,000 horse- 
power, which the company has a right to develop to double this 
amount. 

The Niagara Power and Development Company, with head- 
quarters at Buffalo and Model City, is another company that has 
begun operations in developing Niagara power. This company 
will depend on a surface canal for conveying water to the wheels, 
and which canal and developments are just outside of Niagara 
Falls to the east and north. The power canal in this instance is 
designed to be navigable for upper river and lake craft, and will 
create 140,000 horse-power. 

Thus there have been completed, or are now actually under 
way, developments which shall require the world's greatest cata- 
ract to yield up the almost inconceivable aggregate of 420,000 
horse-power, with a probable increase to 760,000 horse-power. 
There seems but little doubt that step will follow step in the direc- 
tions named, until an amount of Niagara's force will be made 
available equal to one-third or more of the combined stationary 
steam engine power of the United States. 

The Gorge Electric Railroad. 

The opening of this trolley line to Lewiston in 1895, marked a 
real advance, in improvements for viewing the many wonders of 
the Niagara region. Skirting, as the road does, the very water's 
edge of the Canon below the Falls, the visitor is introduced at 
close hand to scenery of the most magnificent character that here- 



244 Niagara as It Is. 

tofore could be viewed only at a disadvantage. Here we are 
brought in close contact to the Niagara's waters, as they in places 
shoot with tremendous rapidity towards Lake Ontario, impelled 
first by the momentum gained in the great fall, second by the 
rapid descent in the river's course below the cataract. 

Cars for this trip are taken at Prospect Park, where they leave 
at intervals of a few minutes in the summer, and less often in the 
winter. The length of the road is seven miles, time of round 
trip without stops one hour and thirty-five minutes, fare 35 cents 
one way, 60 cents both ways with stop off privileges. . 

The main attractions of the route, some of which will be found 
treated in detail elsewhere are as follows : About one mile below 
the Falls the road descends by easy grade to the water's edge 
which is reached almost underneath the railroad bridg^es. 
Halfway down this grade the tourist gains one of the finest views 
to be had of the Falls, as here they are beheld a mile away, set as 
it were, between the rising cliffs on either side of the gorge. It 
is a magnificent spectacle and one that only was made available 
with the completion of the present road. 

Moving along down to the water's edge, first we pass under 
the railroad bridges, then meet the marvellous whirlpool rapids of 
which a near view is had for their entire length. Here a stop is 
made and an ascent can be affected by elevator to the banks 
above. 

Returning to the car, or rather a succeeding one, the tickets 
being good on any of the cars, the Great Whirlpool, with its 
perpetual vortex is soon passed, and then in succession the lowest 
rapids, the Giant Rock, the Narrows, the Devil's Hole gully 
and cavern, the ruins of the first Suspension Bridge over Niagara 
Gorge, Oueenston Heights, Brock's Monument, ending up at 
the beautifully expanding lower river and the historic village of 
Lewiston. 

From the latter place, trips can be taken by row boat across 
to Queenston, Canada, the lower terminus of the Niagara Park 
and River Railway, elsewhere described ; by boat or trolley to 



Niagara as It Is. 245 

Fort Niagara at the mouth of the river, or by steamer for Toronto 
and all parts of Canada. 

Niagara Park and River Railway. Canada Side. 

This newly built and first-class trolley line, extends from Chip- 
pewa on the upper river to Queenston below the falls, a distance 
of 13^ miles. It affords a superior opportunity for observing 
all the attractive scenery of which there is much on the Canadian 
side of the river. The difference between this line and the Gorge 
route on the American side is distinct ; that one is located down 
c 'most at the water's edge, while this road skirts the river on top 
of the bank 165 feet and more above the water's level. 

The Chippewa end of this line terminates at the docks, where 
connection is made with boats from Buffalo four times daily. The 
chief points of interest enroute this trolley line are the following 
in the order named. Chippewa ; Dufferin Islands : Queen 
Victoria Park, from which are seen the upper rapids, the 
Company's Power House, the magnificent views of the several 
falls, from the west, (especially fine in the afternoon with the sun 
at the back) ; the Carriage Suspension Bridge ; the Railway 
Suspension Bridges ; the Whirlpool Rapids ; the Whirlpool ; 
Brock's Monument, and Queenston. As the cars pass over the 
moutainside below the monument, a superb view is caught of the 
rich fruit country on either side of the river, and extending 
to Lake Ontario, plainly in sight seven miles away. 

The fare one way over this line is 45 cents, time i}{ hours ; 
for round trip, 75 cents, time 2j4 hours. Cars start on the through 
trip every hour. Through tickets allow stop off at the various 
points of interest. 

The Railroad Bridges. (24.) 

The Lower Suspension and Cantilever railroad bridges, two 
miles below the Falls, are objects of considerable interest. 



246 Niagara as It Is. 

The river at this point is about 400 feet wide, and the bridges 
are over 230 feet above the wild and deep rapids below. The 
first-named bridge has, besides the railroad-bed, a separate 
floor for vehicles and pedestrians. The other is not open to 
the public. A charge of 10 cents is made for entering or 
crossing the Lower Suspension-bridge. 

The first suspension-bridge was thrown across the chasm 
here in 1840. It consisted merely of a J^-inch wire cable on 
which was suspended a basket large enough to hold two per- 
sons. It was worked by a windlass on each bank. The first 
cord was passed over the river by the aid of a kite. 

The Whirlpool Rapids. (25.) 

On the Spot. — At this point, exactly two miles below the 
American Fall, may be witnessed one of the most wonderful 
sights in the world. It is the Niagara — the mighty river com- 
bining the waters of the five great American lakes, and suffi- 
cient in places elsewhere to form a stream two miles wide and 
twenty feet deep — here forced through a rocky defile, in places 
less than one-seventeenth of a mile wide, the enormous vol- 
ume of water being hurled forward at 40 miles an hour. 
The furious momentum of the Lower Rapids is created by 
the great cataract and by the river's descent of 98 feet in seven 
miles below the Falls to Lewiston. The remarkable constriction 
of the vast river, together with the large rocks beneath the 
surface, throws its deep waters into the most extraordinar}^^ 
turmoil, and causes them in places to rise no less than 20 feet 
above the ordinary level in tremendous foam-crowned masses, 
far too much agitated to be called waves. 

Excellent means for viewing this unexampled scene are af- 
forded by safe platforms erected at the river's edge on both 
sides, and reached by power conveyances. The price for de- 
scent and return on either side of the river by the elevators is 
50 cents. A fair general view of these rapids "^ay be had 



Niagara as It Is. 



247 



from the Lower Suspension Bridge and from the edge of the 
chffs on the Canada side. 

The views from different points vary so much that the vis- 
itor is well repaid for descending both banks of the river. 
From the Canada side one may view the scene in the after- 




t'lG. 13. — Glimpse of the Whirlpool Rapids in the Sunlight- 
Two Miles below the Falls. 



noon from beneath shady cliffs, where it is always cool. There 
is also the advantage here of a considerable promenade near 
the water's edge. The advantages of the American side are 
that the greater body of water, with a corresponding effect on 
the height of the waves, is nearer, and that the sun' s rays enliven 



248 Niagara as It Is. 

the crests of the flood more striking!}' for a longer period of 
the day (reckoned for the time the elevators run) here than on 
the opposite side. Then, too, the Whirlpool, although nearly 
a mile distant, is partly in sight from this side. 

At Leisure. — The Whirlpool Rapids extend one mile, from the Lower Sus- 
pension-bridge to the Whirlpool. The Whirlpool Rapids and the rapids 
above the Falls are equally interesting, but there is a great difference in the 
conditions which give rise to them. In the Upper Rapids the river is spread 
out almost a mile wide, exclusive of the islands, but is shallow, not averaging 
more than 12 or 15 feet deep. In the Lower or Whirlpool Rapids the same 
water is narrowed down to about one-seventeenth of the width at the Upper 
Rapids, being only 300 feet wide at several points. In the Upper Rapids the 
wildness of the torrent is caused by a fall of 51 feet in one mile, over nu- 
merous ledges of rock ; in the Lower it is caused by a descent somewhat less 
than the other, augmented by a momentum originating in the great cataract, 
and by the water being forced through the narrow rocky pass described. 
Upper Rapids the banks vary from a few feet to a few rods in height, at the 
While at the Whirlpool Rapids they are 250 feet high. The general level of 
the river atthe Upper Rapids is about 200 feet above its general level at the 
Whirlpool Rapids. 

Dangers and Incidents. — There is no danger on shore if but ordi- 
nary care and prudence are exercised, and the visitor may enjoy the 
wonderful and unparalleled scene without any risk to life or limb. 

June 15, 1861, the first Maid-of-the-Mist ferry-boat proved unprofitable, 
and was .floated through these Rapids to Lake Ontario. Three men were 
on board — the pilot, the engineer and a machinist. Fairly started on its way, 
the vessel is said soon to have shot like an arrow into the Rapids under the 
bridge. The vessel was intended to take the inside curve of the Rapids, but 
the boat was carried to the outer curve. When a third of the way down a 
column of water dashed against her starboard side, keeled her over, carried 
away her smoke-stack and threw the men about. She soon emerged from 
this baptism, and in a moment rode again on an even keel. She reached the 
Whirlpool a few minutes later, and from thence drifted into the main river 
again, which she followed in safety to Lewiston and the lake. 

The sensational and foolish feat of swimming through the Rapids has sev- 
eral times been attempted, in one instance — that of Captain Matthew Webb, 
an Englishman — resulting fatally. 

One man floated through the Rapids in a large, long barrel, and another 
swam through with the help of a cork life-preserver. 



Niagara as It Is. 249 

Impressions of Visitors. 

" Here the stream, compressed into the smallest limits, bounds along at a 
furious rate, seething, raging, roaring, throwing up its waters high into the 
air, thus displaying a magnificent series of leaping mountains of white foam, 
and presenting a sight that is simply terrific." — IF. G. Marshall, M.A 

" I could have looked at the Falls for days and never felt a bit terrified. 
But here my knees shook. I found myself watching a hundred thousand 
Macbeth witches, dancing round and round, and throwing their arms and 
heels up in wild and never-slackening fury. With the speed of a railroad 
train the current rushes from the Suspension-bridges onward. It tosses, 
foams and rolls in huge waves, buffeting the rocks, and thus continues to the 
Whirpool. The center of the stream is elevated far above the sides, the 
waves rising 30 feet at times, rushing in all directions, and coming together 
with tremendous force." — London Times Cor7'es;ponde7it. 

The Whirlpool. (26.) 

Situated one mile below the railroad suspension-bridge, and 
immediately beyond the Whirlpool Rapids, is the famous 
Niagara Whirlpool, a'wonderfully formed oblong recess at the 
point of a sharp right-angle in the river. The pool, which is 
about one-third of a mile long and one-fourth of a mile wide, 
is shut in on all sides, save the two openings of the river, by 
rocky walls 250 feet high. Visitors can reach the water's edge 
on both sides of the river. On the Canadian side, an inclined 
railroad admits of this with ease ; the charge for a round trip 
for each person is 50 cents. 

From the water's edge observe that the river, yet quite rapid 
at the entrance of the basin, pours into it in a waved stream 
somewhat higher in the center. Then it eddies to both sides 
and seems to be sucked under and spurted out again. It then 
spreads out on both sides and courses round and round, find- 
ing its egress down stream eventually, as here it is not inter- 
cepted by the powerful incoming current. Notice logs, trees 
and other floating substances that have been drawn into the 
vortex, many of which circle round and round for days and 
weeks before being drawn down. 



250 



Niagara as It Is. 



The river where it enters the pool is about 600 feet wide, 
and at its exit 450 feet. Doubtless this pool was hollowed 
out by the great eddy or whirl of waters caused by the sharp 
bend in the course of the Niagara River. 




i'lG. 14.— Map of the Whirlpool Rapids, Whirlpool and the 
Railroad Bridge— Two Miles Below the Falls. 

Down the River. (27.) 

The Devil's Hole. — This is a deep chasm 200 feet wide, 
extending at right angles back about 550 feet from the edge 
of the river. The bottom of the chasm, although rocky, sup- 
ports a heavy, wild growth of trees and shrubs. A small, 
picturesque, winding stream enters the river through this 
gulch. A cave of no great length is found in the rocky wall 
at one point. Formerly this chasm was much visited, but the 
stairway which made the descent easy at that time rotted 
away and has not been renewed. New means of easy access 
are now under contemplation. 

September 14, 1763, a portage train of wagons was returning from Fort 
Schlosser, i Vz miles above the Falls, to Lewiston ; ninety-six persons, in- 



Niagara as It Is. 251 

eluding wagoners and soldiers, comprised the train. At the narrow pass 
above the end of this defile a large band of Seneca Indians lay in ambush, 
and at a fatal moment sprang upon the train, making such awful havoc that 
but few of the people escaped. 

Foster's Flats. — On the Canadian side one mile below the 
Whirlpool is a spot especially interesting to botanists and 
geologists. At one point verging on this large flat the river 
is narrowed down to 250 feet in width. 

The Heights. — On both sides of the river, about seven 
miles below the Falls, are The Heights, or '' The Mountain," 
as locally named. Here the Niagara gorge ends, or in remote 
ages was begun, and from here you get another grand view. 
Looking down from the summit of Brock's monument, on the 
Canadian side, before you is the pure, pellucid Niagara wind- 
ing its circuitous way to Lake Ontario, six miles beyond. The 
lake, flecked with white sails, stretches out right and left as 
far as the eye can reach, while on bright days the highlands 
of Toronto, on the opposite side, may be seen. Between 
where you stand and the lake, in Canada to the left and New 
York to the right, lies a wide expanse of rich farming country, 
including the famous Niagara orchards. The village of Lew- 
iston lies at the foot of the mountain on the American side, and 
is the head of navigation on the river. The New York Cen- 
tral railroad runs an observation train daily from the Falls to 
Lewiston, affording a fine view of the scenery of the Gorge 
and of this vicinity. No visit to Niagara is complete without 
this trip to The Heights. 

Brock's monument can be reached by a drive from Sus- 
pension Bridge or by boat from Lewiston. October 13, 1812, 
one of the hardest fights of the last war with Great Britain 
occurred at this monument. The monument was erected to 
to the memory of General Brock, who lost his life in the en- 
gagement. The Americans under command of Colonel Van 
Rensselaer captured the English batteries at this point, but as 
the English received heavy reinforcements and the Americans 
none, the latter were forced to recede. 



252 Niagara as It Is. 

Fort Niagara stands at the the mouth of the Niagara 
on the American side, seven miles below Lewiston. During 
the earl}^ part of the past century it was the scene of many 
bloody conflicts between the whites and the Indians, and later 
between the English and the French. La Salle, in 1678 estab- 
lished a trading-post here. The fort is now garrisoned with 
United States troops. Youngstown, a mile upstream from 
the fort, is built on the spot where a battle was fought between 
the French and English, Jul}^, 1759, which resulted in the 
surrender of this vicinity by the French to the English under 
Sir William Johnson. 

Geology of Niagara. 

Geologists generally are agreed that the Falls have steadily worn their way 
backward from Lewiston Heights, seven miles below. The wall of the 
gorge at that point rises 366 feet above the surface of the water. From 
1841 to the present year accurate measurements of the Falls have been made, 
and their average rate of recession is about a foot annually. The rate at 
which changes occur, however, is not uniform. For several years there may 
be no apparent change, and then the soft underlying strata being gradually 
worn away, masses of the upper and harder formations fall downward, mak- 
ing great changes within a few hours. 

At the place where the Falls now are the upper stratum of rock, about 80 
or go feet thick, is of hard limestone. Under this are shaly layers, extend- 
ing downward to the level of the river. The irregularity of the river 
bottom above the Falls, which gives rise to the rough surface of the Upper 
Rapids, is caused by limestone strata piled up, each one a little shorter than 
the last, until 55 feet is added to the height of the thicker limestone at 
the cataract's brow. Through the rocky strata the river is wearing its way 
backward more rapidly now than in the past, when the limestone tier was 
thicker, or than it will in future when thicker and higher stratas are reached. 
Such is the contour of the rock surface on the line of the river toward Lake 
Erie that the brow of the Falls, when it recedes a mile further, will be about 
50 feet higher than at present. A mile beyond this the cataract's level will 
be nearly the same as it is now. After that the level of the brow will lower 
slightly mile by mile until Lake Erie is reached. 

Retrogression of the Falls is possible for the reason that the limestone 
stratum of rock at the surface is harder than the soft argillo-calcareous shell 
beneath. When the latter is exposed to the elements it gradually crumbl-es 



Niagara as It Is. 253 

away, leaving the limestone above as a projecting shelf, which in turn breaks 
off. This peculiarity of the rocks is also shown in many places at the side 
of the chasm. 

The Tuscarora Indian Reservation. 

Nine miles northeast of Niagara Falls is the Tuscarora Indian Reservation, 
one of the seven similar reservations in the state of New York. This reserva- 
tion comprises a territory about three miles square, and is inhabited, ac- 
cording to the last census, by 455 Indians of the following nations : Tusca- 
roras, 398; Onondagas, 41; Senecas, 10; Stockbridges, 6. The Indian 
Reservation is an interesting place to visit, and the drive over country roads 
to reach it is a pleasant one. Here may be seen that anamoly of American 
progress, the purely aboriginal red man in a civilized state. The Indian 
women who make and sell bead-work at the entrance to Prospect Park be- 
long to this community. The occupation of the Indians of the Reservation 
is almost exclusively agricultural. 

The present Tuscarora Indians have descended from the once powerful 
and gifted nation of the southern states. After their expulsion from the 
south they came north and were included in the confederacy of the Iroquois, 
who formerly held under. their jurisdiction the larger part of the eastern 
United States. In the revolutionary war between the United States and 
Great Britain the Tuscaroras were active in aiding the United States. They 
then had their settlement at the place allotted them by the league in 1715, 
within the territory of the Seneca nation, between the Unadilla and Che- 
nango rivers, in this state. In time of that war many weary and hungry 
soldiers and scouts of the United States found rest and refreshment in the 
rude homes of the Tuscaroras, which were ever open to them. The begin- 
ning of the present settlement was made about the close of that war, when 
a few families of the Tuscaroras, keeping along the shore of Lake Ontario 
in their canoes, reached the Niagara river, which they followed as far as 
Lewiston. Leaving their canoes here they traveled eastward and up the 
mountain to the site of the Reservation. Here they saw great quantities of 
butternuts and walnuts and a fine stream of water, and here they took up 
their quarters. Later, other bands of their people discovered their retreat, 
and a number of families came and located near the first comers. The 
right of the Indians to their present possessions was secured about the be- 
ginning of the present century. 

A church was organized on the Reservation as early as 1805, under the 
care of the New York Missionary Society. This church has been 'maintained 
liberally since then, and now has a large membership. Another now stands 
upon the Reservation — a Baptist church — with Rev. Franklin P. Mt. 
Pleasant, a native, as pastor. It has a large congregation, active in good 



254 Niagara as It Is. 

works. There is also an efficient temperance organization among the Tus- 
caroras, and public schools receive due recognition. Both the native and 
the English languages are taught. 

Elias Johnson, a native chief, has written an interesting work of 234 pages 
relating to his people. It is published by the Unioni Publishing Co., Lock- 
port, N. Y. A wholesome feeling pervades this work ; it shows the admirable 
spirit of the more intelligent Indians, and its avowed motive is "to animate 
a kinder feeling between the white people and the Indians, establishing a 
truer knowledge of our civil and domestic life, and of our capabilities for 
future elevation." Referring to the past cruelties of the Indians (often much 
exaggerated), this chief says, "It is not just to compare Indians of the fif- 
teenth with Christians of the fifteenth century. But compare them with the 
barbarians of former Britain, Russia, Lapland and Tartary, and they will 
not suffer by the comparison." 

Chronology of- Important Battles and Events that Have 
Occurred in the Vicinity of Niagara Falls. 

The vicinity of Niagara Falls abounds in thrilling historical associations, 
beginning with the days of early French colonization. In the last war be- 
tween England and the United States, beginning in 1812, the sound of the 
artillery of no less than twelve battles was mingled with the roar of the great 
cataract. These river banks were a favorite locality with the American In- 
dians, who fought many a battle before they were dispossessed by the whites. 
The following historical data will interest all visitors to Niagara. 

1535. — -First historical mention of Niagara Falls given by Jacques Cartier, 
who received his knowledge concerning it from the Indians. 

1613. — On Samuel Champlain's map of this year the cataract is quite cor- 
rectly indicated, and its wonderful height alluded to. 

1678.— The Falls visited by Father Hennepin, a French Jesuit, who was 
the first European eye-witness to give a description of them. During the 
winter of 1678-9 Chevalier Robert de La Salle explored the region about 
Niagara. He built the Griffon, the first boat to sail the upper lakes, and con- 
structed a palisaded stone house at Lewiston 

1687. — Baron La Houtan gives a greatly exaggerated account of the Falls. 

1750. — Little Fort Niagara was built i j^ miles above the American Falls 
by the French. The Swedish naturalist, Peter Kalm, visited the Falls. 

1755. — The lands in this vicinity first occupied by the French. In the 
same year the French burned several of their own ships to prevent their 
falling into the hands of the English, in Burnt-Ship creek. This creek is an 
arm of the river five miles above the Falls, and separates Grand and Buck- 
horn Islands. 



Niagara as It Is. 255 

1760. — John Stedman and his brothers Philip and William located at Ni. 
agara Falls, the former being made master of the portage between Lewiston 
and Stedman's Landing, above the Falls. 

1761. — Fort Schlosser, a small block fortification, was built near the site 
of Little Fort Niagara. Near the fort was erected a house beside the large 
stone chimney which remained from the French wars of a few years pre- 
vious. This chimney is still standing. 

1763. — September 14, at Devil's Hole, 3)^ miles below the Falls, an am- 
buscade was laid for an English portage train by the Seneca Indians, who 
were instigated by the French traders. The train from Fort Schlosser to 
Lewiston was surprised and a number of Englishmen killed. Subsequently 
the portage was kept up mainly between Lewiston and Chippewa, on the 
Canadian side. 

1792. — From this year until iSoo the Canadian side of the river from Lake 
Erie to the Falls was settled by emigrants from Pennsylvania and New 
Jersey. 

1796. — Buffalo first settled by the whites' two years later it contained 
eight houses. 

1800.— A military road was opened by the United States from Lewiston to 
Black Rock, near Lake Erie. 

1805. — Augustus Porter and his brothers made extensive purchases of land 
about the Falls and elsewhere on the Niagara frontier. 

1812 — Battle of Queenstown was fought October 13. The United States 
army, commanded by General Van Rensselaer, of the New York militia, 
attacked the British, killed Brock, their general ( in whose memory Brock's 
Monument was erected), and drove them from their intrenchments. The 
Americans were finally compelled to resign the conquest and surrender as 
prisoners of war. 

18 1 3. — May 27 Fort Erie surrendered to the Americans. Two days later 
Fort George, opposite Youngstown, was taken by the Americans. July 4, 
Fort Schlosser, with its garrison of 11 men, was taken by the British. July 11, 
the barracks and block-houses at Black Rock were destroyed by the British. 
August II, Queenstown was captured by the British. December 19, fifteen 
hundred British and Indian troops surprised Fort Niagara, put the garrison 
to the sword, and burned the villages of Lewiston, Youngstown, Tuscarora 
(Indian village) and the village of Niagara Falls. December 30, the British 
landed 2,000 men 17 miles above the Falls at Black Rock, then a flourishing 
village, which, after a gallant resistance made by a few militia, they burned, 
together with the neighboring village of Buffalo. 

18 14. — July 5, Battle of Chippewa. General Brown defeated the British 
under General Riall, and forced them to retreat to Fort George, at the 
mouth of the Niagara. Sixty Americans were killed, 229 wounded, and 19 



256 Niagara as It Is. 

were missing. The British loss was still heavier. July 24 and 25, the battld 
of Lundy's Lane was fought one mile west of Niagara Falls, in Canada. 
General Brown attacked the British under General Drummond, and after a 
bloody battle, which lasted from five o'clock p. m. until daybreak, drove them 
from all their positions, stormed their batteries and artillery, held the field 
for three hours, then retired two miles to Bridgewater, and there encamped 
without interruption. The Americans acknowledged but 171 killed and 572 
wounded, including Generals Brown and Scott, and 117 missing. The 
British acknowledged but 84 killed, 559 wounded, 193 missing, and 43 pris- 
oners. Among the wounded were Generals Drummond and Riall — the latter 
was a prisoner. August 15, battle of Fort Erie, at Black Rock, in which 
General Gaines resisted the attacks of the British under General Drummond. 

1817. — First bridge to Goat Island built by Augustus Porter and General 
Peter B. Porter. 

1818.- — An area of 160x30 feet of Table Rock fell. 

1829. — Biddle Stairway was erected. 

1836. — Railroads from Niagara Falls to Buffalo and Lockport were opened. 

1837. One night in December at Schlosser's Landing, i^4- miles up the 
river. Colonel MacNab, commanding the British forces at Chippewa, the 
village opposite, cut out, burned and sent over the Falls the steamer Caroline. 

1842. — State Geologist Hall made the first careful trigonometrical survey 
of the Falls and vicinity. 

1848. — The village of Niagara Falls was incorporated. 

1855. — The first railroad-bridge across Niagara Gorge was completed. 

1858. — The bridges to Three Sisters Islands were built. 

1866. — June 2, invasions of Fenians into Canada from the United States 
were made, resulting in the battle of Ridgeway, where the Irish boys under 
Gen. John O'Neil defeated the " Queen's Own." 

1877. — An extensive fall of rocks, estimated at 1,500 feet long and from 
50 to 100 feet wide, fell from the Horseshoe precipice. 

1885. — July 15, the New York State Reservation thrown open to the world 
as a free park forever ; in 1887, the Victoria Park, on Canadian side. 

1888. — May 24, the Queen Victoria Niagara Falls Park opened to the 
public. 

1890. — The great Niagara Water-Power Tunnel was begun. 
1892. — Niagara Falls and Suspension Bridge were united and incorp— -'-<^ 
as a city, bearing the name of Niag-ra Falls. 




HE closing days of the 
nineteenth century are 
witnessing great changes 
in the world of printing. 
Time in its ceaseless cycle 
has revolved back to the 
early days of the fathers of the ^^ Art 
Preservative of all Arts/^ and the old 
conventional and elaborate over- 
display of a few years ago has been 
almost entirely discarded and in its place may be seen the 
severely pldin in lettering with striking contrasts in sizes of 
types and colors of inks. 3 How long this will last is a matter 
of considerable conjecture, but from the favor which this ^* new- 
old ^^ innovation has found with the leading printers and 
publishers of the day, it seems hardly likely that the present 
generation will see its decadence. ^ However, while it lasts, 
the progressive business man, and every one who has occasion 
to use the printing press, should keep pace with the movement. 
While we are not in favor of too great a departure from conven- 
tional lines in our search for originality, which is the danger in 
this or any other similar movement, yet we can conscientiously 
say that where not carried to extremes, this innovation may be 
brought into very practical and effective use in general business, 
while for the higher classes of printing nothing so thoroughly 
artistic has been seen before, t^ The striking con,trasts so much 
in favor enable the merchant to catch the eye of the prospective 
customer in such a w^ay as to hold his attention until the end 
sought for is accomplished. «^ A good piece of printing costs but 
little more, perhaps not any more, than something cheap and 
shoddy, and its value is enhanced one hundred per cent. ^ Poor 
printing is dear at any price and is a 
detriment to any reputable business 
house. ^ "We are constantly executing 
the very finest class of printing from 
the smallest visiting card to the largest 
illustrated book. ^ We have np 
specialty — only high grade work— 
nothing is slighted. >^ Can we not be 
of some assistance to you in the build- 
ing up of your business } ,^ ^ ^ ^ 



Cbe Peter Paul 
Book Company 

§420 main Stmt 
Buffalo, R. y. 



DEPOSIT YOUR SAVINGS 



f- 



.. WITH THE .. 



Fidelity Trust 

_:i!iH^Quaranty Co. 

OF BUFFALO, N. Y. 

BANKING OFFICE IN ERIE COUNTY BANK BUILDING. 

AMONG THE REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD DO SO ARE THE FOLLOWING: 

INTEREST is added to yottr principal at the end of every CbfCC IU01tt1)$t thus 
compounding QuartCfly the income from yotir deposits. 

THE SAVINGS BANKS add interest every six months and on *^sums with- 
drawn during a regular quarter — ^except the last three days thereof — no interest is 
allowed. For example : Money deposited in a Savings Bank on June 5th and with- 
drawn on September 26th)^ would not be entitled to interest, although remaining in 
banfc^ undisturbed, for 113 days. You avoid such loss by placing your account with 
this Company. 

YOU MAY FREELY CHECK against your account without the inconven- 
ience of accompanying each check with your pass book. 

THE CAPITAL of The Fidelity Trust and Guaranty Co. is $500,000.00 and 
its stockholders are liable for an additional $500,000.00, thus placing between -ts 
depositors and any loss a barrier of 

ONE MILLION DOLLARS 

Exclusive of Company's surplus. N6 limit to amount you may deposit. 



THOMAS S. MCFARLAND, GEORGE V. FORMAN, 

Secretary. Presidentj^ 



